一个最佳融资结构的理论模型

Jensen的研究注意到了融资结构会通过约束自由现金流量对公司代理成本产生影响.其见解非常独到,但他并没有用数学模型作出严格的推证.本文的工作在于综合了Jensen和其他一些学者的成果,构建了一个数学模型,严格分析融资结构是如何约束经理可以用于相机处理的现金流量,以降低经理们的控制租并进而影响公司价值大小的.此外,本文还指出了应该进一步研究的方向,以及该模型在我国现实制度条件下的适用性.     

A Model of the Determinants of Purchasing from Virtual Stores

Virtual stores are Internet-based innovations that influence the dynamics of consumer choice making. Utilizing the attitude-to-behavior theory, theory of reasoned action, technology acceptance model, functional theory of attitude, causal theory of action, and prior literature, we develop and empirically evaluate a model that describes consumer purchase decisions in a virtual store. We test the model using data collected from validated survey instruments for each of the constructs utilizing the structured equation modeling technique. The model helps in the design of virtual stores by describing how individuals who visit such stores can be induced to purchase from virtual stores. It describes that perceived usefulness, perceived behavioral control, and perceived peer influence impact attitude toward purchasing from a virtual store. Attitude toward purchasing from a virtual store, in turn, influences the actual purchasing from a virtual store. We discuss the implications for the design of virtual stores that lead to purchase decisions.     

从人才流失到人才环流:一个理论模型

在全球化浪潮下,跨国移民由之前的单向流动(即发展中国家向发达国家流动)越来越多地呈现出双向甚至是多向流动,因此移民也由简单的“人才流失”变成了复杂的“人才流动”。本文通过设计一个跨期工作搜寻模型,解释了复杂的跨国人才流动行为,并且从理论上论证了移民输出国也可能会由于移民的跨期流动而获益,也就是说,我们不应将移民看成是对移民输出国有损的“人才流失”。     

Determinants and Relationships in Sectoral Trade: A Bilateral Model for Knitwear Clothing

The generalized aggregated trade models do not capture the industry or product‐specific competitive situation and overgeneralize the bilateral cases. As a result, product‐specific trade determinants at the sectoral or bilateral level cannot be sufficiently drawn from such generalized models. This holds true for knitwear clothing products, an important component of international textile trade. To remedy this, we propose a sector‐specific bilateral model in the context of knitwear clothing exports from India to the United States. This pair of countries is chosen due to unilateral trade flows as well as to underline the contrasting features of developed north versus developing south. The vector autoregression (VAR) model was found more appropriate than other available modeling choices. We used monthly frequency data from January 2006 to December 2012. The traditional determinants such as exchange rate and price competitiveness remain relevant. Chinese competition emerges as a significant determinant, which underlines the relevance of a sector‐specific bilateral trade model. The 2009 recession showed a clear impact, albeit for only a few months. Our model is parsimonious but has more explanatory power than generalized models. Policy researchers may further explore the model for more fine‐tuned policy on sector‐specific factors. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Organizational and Interorganizational Determinants of EDI Diffusion and Organizational Performance: A Causal Model

Electronic data interchange (EDI), a specific form of interorganizational systems, has the potential to significantly influence business operations and the exchange of business documents in a number of industries and to provide substantive tangible and intangible benefits to the participating firms. However, successful implementation and diffusion of these systems innovations requires the cooperation and commitment of all participating member firms. A number of interorganizational as well as internal, organization-specific factors can influence both the extent to which EDI is diffused and used and the level of subsequent benefits that accrue to the firms.

Research from sociopolitical process framework in marketing, organizational theory, innovation theory, use of information technology for competitive advantage, and information systems (IS) implementation was used to identify 3 interorganizational variables (customer support, customer expertise, competitive pressure) and 4 organizational variables (internal support, EDI's benefits potential, EDI compatibility, resource intensity). In this study, we develop a multidimensional measure for EDI diffusion to capture both external integration and internal integration. We then examine the influence of these 7 variables on the extent to which EDI adopter firms pursue diffusion and whether more diffusion leads to superior organizational-level outcomes.

Two senior executives (the chief executive officer and a senior manager responsible for the IS function or EDI) from 83 firms in the motor carrier industry participated in a field survey. The results from a structural equation model (SEM), developed using LISREL, provide quite a strong support for the hypothesized relations. All 4 organizational variables and 2 of the 3 interorganizational variables (customer support and competitive pressure) influence EDI diffusion. The results also indicate that external integration dimension of diffusion enables adopter firms to achieve improved operational and market-oriented performance, whereas internal integration contributes only to operational performance.     

A Model of the Determinants of International Trade in Higher Education

This article focuses on a neglected aspect of international trade in services i.e. trade in Higher Education. The purpose of the research endeavour is to draw together the determinants of this trade using its most visible aspect - foreign students. There are many categories of foreign student, but the study is confined to those students who opt to complete higher educational outside the home country. There is much competition among host nations for international students and the factors influencing demand for and supply of university places for foreign students are considered, using medical education as a case study. Little if any attention has been given to theory generation in this field and this study was undertaken to redres the balance. The model presented here clearly illustrartes the many variables which impact on a student's decision to stydy overseas, and their choice qf destination, the most critial one being information.     

贸易自由化背景下战略性环境政策理论研究脉络——基于模型构建视角的文献综述

作为战略性贸易政策受自由贸易协定约束在环境领域的新变异形式,战略性环境政策是国际贸易理论与环境经济学学科交叉的产物。本文在即时更新与丰富文献基础上基于理论模型构建视角,以理论背景、理论基础、基本理论框架及其拓展为线索,逐步呈现战略性环境政策的理论研究脉络。尤其剖析了理论模型赖以建立的各基本假设条件由严格到逐步放松的拓展中,战略性环境政策得以刻画出日益丰满的现实世界,由此展现其延续且旺盛的理论和现实生命力。     

流动妇女收入影响的DAG图模型研究

基于江苏省流动妇女生存状况的实地调查,运用贝叶斯网络构造流动妇女收入影响因素的DAG图模型。与线性模型结果不同,流动妇女个体特征并不都直接影响月收入,其中年龄对教育程度和婚姻状况有直接影响,来源地对教育程度有直接影响,教育程度和婚姻状况对职业类型选择有直接影响,职业类型对月收入有直接影响,年龄、来源地、教育程度和婚姻状况对月收入有间接影响。     

Determinants and Effects of Cultural Context: A Review,Conceptual Model,and Propositions

Edward Hall's pioneering work on “Silent Languages” of time, space, material possessions, friendship patterns, and agreements and his conceptualization of cultures as low-context and high-context have inspired numerous research studies on international and cross-cultural marketing. Despite these widespread applications, there is no research to date that integrates the theoretical foundations and applications of Hall's work in a single study. In this context, the current research delivers on the following three goals: (a) an extensive literature review of Hall's work on cultural context is done; (b) a conceptual model is developed that depicts the determinants and effects of cultural context; and (c) 12 propositions are developed, contrasting the effect of low- versus high-context cultures on a variety of cultural themes, such as Hofstede's five cultural dimensions, mono-chronic or M-time versus polychronic or P-time orientation, and relationship building etc. International marketing implications of this research and directions for future research are discussed.     

电子商务市场声誉运行模式：理论模型与实践意义

良好的企业声誉或产品声誉在消除信息非对称性方面有着十分重要的作用,它的实质是在市场的交易方之间建立起相互信任的关系.文章基于"柠檬"原理,建立了电子商务市场的声誉运行模型,对电子商务市场的声誉运行机理进行了分析,力图为我国电子商务企业更好地实施网络声誉战略提供一个思路.     

权力-依赖结构:一个以消费者为核心的理论模型

本文试图将消费者因素放到渠道权力—依赖结构中，构建一个以消费者为关键中间变量的理论模型，以便从三边而不是双边角度理解权力—依赖关系，探讨渠道权力—依赖结构的机理，从而解释现实中的单边主导行为以及厂商冲突形成的原因。本文认为，在渠道权力—依赖结构中，厂商双方都会通过各自可以控制的渠道变量去影响消费者，消费者的反应和认同状况决定了厂商双方在渠道结构中的影响力，由此形成渠道中不同的权力—依赖结构。     

Antecedents of Coupon Proneness: A Key Mediator of Coupon Redemption

Coupons increase the buying power of consumers. Businesses use coupons to increase sales, new products adoption, and repeat buying. Billions of coupons are distributed annually via different methods. However, consumers redeem only a small fraction of these, thereby forgoing the potential cost savings. The authors investigated several factors that motivate coupon redemption. The data were obtained by surveying 353 U.S. consumers. Price consciousness, pride, and satisfaction in using coupons, and value consciousness were found to increase coupon use. The perception that the savings are not worth the effort decreased their use. The results suggest ways for managers to boost coupon use.     

Geographic export diversification: Determinants and their link with export performance

This study examines company‐specific factors that may help explain the choice of an export‐market strategy and explores how the selected export strategy contributes to explaining company's export performance (XP). Concentrating on a specific area within a broad spectrum of export behavior analysis has enabled us to examine these factors in greater depth. The results of our research, which was carried out using a sample comprising Spanish exporting companies, show a firm's size, a firm's age, and a firm's greater foreign ownership in its share capital are all determining factors for adopting a strategy geared to export‐market diversification. A greater level of investment in R&D and greater international commitment are also important in this regard. We suggest reinforcing these two factors because there is evidence of a better XP among firms that have a wider range of foreign markets.     

技术扩散和区域经济收敛:一个理论模型的新框架

本文在技术溢出与结构距离比地理距离更相关、相关的大小和显著性程度依靠经济体的部门构成假设基础上。通过对技术进步的不同处理并把技术溢出看作不同经济体间相似度的正函数,提出了一个新的区域经济收敛理论模型框架、推导出一个Solow模型的扩展模型并建立了扩展收敛方程。     

Determinants of retail patronage: A meta-analytical perspective

The retail patronage idea includes such key concepts as store choice and frequency of visit. In this study, the authors synthesize previous empirical studies through a formal, critical review of retailing literature. The meta-analysis suggests that various predictors (e.g., service, product selection, quality) are strongly related to shoppers’ retail choice, whereas others (e.g., store attitude, store image) are important antecedents of shopping frequency. However, the relationships between the predictors and retail patronage vary according to the study characteristics (e.g., experimental vs. other designs). The authors offer implications for retailing research and practice.     

我国FDI区位分布影响因素的动态面板数据模型分析

虽然我国已成为全球:FDI最具吸引力的国家,但FDI在我国东部、中部和西部的分布极不均衡.文章构建动态面板计量模型.并分别建立全国、东部、中部及西部地区四个模型,全方位多角度地对影响我国外商直接投资区位分布的因素进行实证研究.在此基础上对目前我国利用外商直接投资中存在的问题进行深入分析,为政府制定科学的宏观利用外资战略提供理论支持与政策建议.     

Determinants of Fresh and Frozen Fruit and Vegetable Expenditures in Turkish Households: A Bivariate Tobit Model Approach

In this study, we have identified the effects of socio-demographic and economic factors of household heads and households on monthly expenditures of fresh and frozen fruit and vegetable in Turkey using the bivariate Tobit model. The results show that both the probability and monthly spending levels of household fruit and vegetable consumption increase with increasing in age of household heads, educational levels of household heads, married household heads, household income, and the number of adults in a family, while male-headed households, working household heads, the households that receive in-kind help from the government or private sector, and the use of internet at home decrease both the likelihood and spending levels of fruit and vegetable consumption in Turkey. The results in the study may contribute to the stakeholders to identify and implement effective marketing strategies and also develop more effective policies for the government to improve nutritional levels for certain dwellings for which the government include them in the certain state-initiated benefit program.     

Determinants of Ethical Behavior: A Study of Autosalespeople

This study proposes a model that explains the ethical behavior of automobile salespeople in terms of their ethical perception, legal perception, method of compensation (commission-based or salary-based), age, and education. The model is estimated by using five scenarios that involve ethical issues commonly found in the automobile industry and responses from 184 automobile salespeople in a mid-Atlantic metropolitan area. The findings suggest that ethical perception is the most important determinant of ethical behavior. Also, method of compensation is a major determinant in four of five scenarios, and legal perception in two out of five scenarios. However, age and education are not significantly related to ethical behavior. A discussion of the results, limitations, and implications is presented for managers.     

基于世贸组织谈判的博弈模型对多哈回合前景的分析

本文通过构建一个简单的博弈模型来研究多边贸易谈判的未来前景。揭示出参与世贸组织(WTO)实质谈判和激烈讨价还价的是少数几个跨国集团联盟,随着时间的推移,各谈判集团中的强硬派官员会逐渐增多,当谈判代表全部由强硬派构成的时候,协议很难达成。导致强硬派不妥协的主要原因是各方对农业利益持有零和博弈的观点。谈判恢复和协议的最终达成依赖于各方对农业生产者利益的让步。     

Determinants of corporate hedging and derivatives: A revisit

Although the primary purpose of hedging is to reduce earnings volatility, corporate hedging may also increase firm value. Using publicly-available data, we found that hedging reduces the probability of financial distress, reduces the agency costs of debt, and reduces some agency costs of equity. However, we found no support for the hypothesis that hedging increases firm value by reducing expected tax liability. In addition, we suggest that corporate ownership structure may affect the desirability of hedging. We also found that large firms have a stronger tendency to hedge, firms with a larger percentage of value derived from growth opportunities are more likely to hedge, and convertible debt serves as a substitute for corporate hedging. With a dummy variable for multinational corporations as a proxy for operational hedging, we found that operational hedging and derivative hedging are complements rather than substitutes.