城乡一体化与城市化政策转向

中国城市化的基本特征是"政府主导型城市化"。过去的10多年中,在"推动型城市化政策"的作用下,城市化经历了一个高速发展时期,取得了十分显著的绩效。但同时,城乡差距扩大、农村发展动力短缺等问题也日益突出。在此背景下,推进城乡一体化必然成为未来经济社会发展的关键主题,因此,需立足于社会公平理念,实现一系列城市化政策调整与体制机制创新,从"推动型城市化政策"转向"统筹型城市化政策":适当调整城市化模式导向;积极培育农村市场,提升农民发展能力;实行城乡公共产品和基本公共服务的均等化供给;加速推进新生代农民工的城市融入。     

农民中的准市民群体市民化问题探析

伴随城市化的提速,农民群体出现不同程度的分化,自身异质性不断增强,一些农民已经具备了市民化的可能,形成了准市民群体。包括:城中村村民;城郊失地农民;农民工群体中的技能型农民工、成为私营业主或者市场经营成功的农民工以及新生代农民工。推进城市化,实现现代化,农民市民化问题都必然要面对,因此,对于城中村村民的市民化,应实现其既得利益的合理划分;对于失地农民群体的市民化,应在制度方面寻找突破;对于农民工的市民化,应细化农民工群体,分批次实现其市民化。     

深度城市化战略的内涵与实施保障研究

城市化在扩大内需、提高劳动力配置效率和劳动力素质、解决"三农"问题等方面具有重大意义,是关系到未来我国可持续发展能力提高、现代化进程实现战略突破的关键所在。虽然我国城市化已连续十多年以年均提高1.4个百分点的速度高速推进,但仍滞后于工业化发展,其中既有客观历史原因,也存在一些关键性制约因素的影响,包括城市化推进理念偏颇、城乡二元管理体制的制约及城市综合承载能力提升缓慢等。从我国城市化健康推进的客观要求出发,未来需要着力实施以农民工市民化为突破口的深度城市化战略,即在保持快速推进的同时,将城市化向纵深推进。深度城市化战略需要三大支点,一是保持城市化快速推进,缩小城市化与工业化的差距;二是加快实现高水平、全方位的农民工市民化,实现城市化质量的战略性提升;三是提高城市综合承载能力,增强城市的集聚能力。要实施这一战略,根本保障是提供良好的制度供给。     

农民工生活方式城市化空间障碍的实证研究

生活方式城市化是农民工城市化融入的内在理路.城市农民工生活方式囿于其社会空间规制,存在消费生活缺少发展性、交往对象同质化、休闲生活阶层化等城市化障碍.激发政府、社区、社会组织和社会成员等多元主体社会功能,推动住居空间一体化,搭建社区融合平台,开展农民工生活方式引导性培训,是破解农民工生活方式城市化空间障碍,推动农民工城市融入的有效路径.     

当前农业农村发展的主要问题和路线政策选择

我国当前农业成本越来越高,粮食生产安全危机日显;土地制度改革出现很多问题,基层组织涣散,治理政策失效;农业产业开放失控,危及国家安全;农业现代化与农民城市化出现背离,其深层背景是全球性制造业过剩,中国农民工的低工资收入无法支撑农民工城市化的高成本。解决这些问题,要重新考虑中国农业现代化的道路问题,坚守三农的三项基本制度,完善农村土地金融制度,突破改革的意识形态障碍,依法改革。     

农民工的社会网络与职业阶层和收入:来自深圳调查的发现

本文利用2005年"深圳外来农村流动人口调查"数据,定量研究了社会网络对农民工职业阶层和收入的影响.研究发现,求职关系网络的规模、关系构成对农民工职业阶层的提升和收入的提高有正向影响,而求职网成员的职业阶层趋同性则有负向影响.本研究表明,尽管个体因素和流动因素对农民工求职结果有重要影响,但是社会网络在中国社会转型期对农民工求职具有不可忽视的作用.     

中国城市化转型与制度变迁

当代中国转型发展的一个重大内容,就是农民市民化的城市化发展进程,城市化发展模式构成中国未来的重大路径选择,并能有效医治因城乡二元结构陷阱所原生的种种发展困惑。城市化的主导人群是农民工阶层,核心问题是通过发展理念重建和城乡制度再构,高度尊重并有效保护中国农民的自由选择权益,由此方能实现城乡和谐共赢。中国改革开放的实质性内容就是还权于民和还利于民（民主、民权和民生）,农民市民化首先有助于实现国民现代化和制度现代化,中国也将因此而获得无法估量的“人口红利”和“制度红利”。     

农民工城市定居方式选择影响因素研究——基于北京市的实证调查

农民工城市定居方式选择意愿问题,实质上是农民工市民化问题,属于农民工定居城市问题的深层次延展.从实证研究来看,教育水平、对社会保障与社会尊重的关注,以及子女未来发展已成为这一问题的主要影响因素.反映出当代农民工希望融入城市生活及其伴随的更高层次的社会需求.因此政府应合理加快城市化规模,关注农民工家庭社会保障权利与发展机会,避免农民工阶层的固化和边缘化,避免"代际贫困"问题.     

农民工住房问题分析与对策

对中国这样一个农民占了绝大多数的大国,政府一直都重视民生问题.随着经济社会转型的发展,农民工市民化促进了我国城市化的快速发展,但随之面来的是农民工住房问题逐渐凸显,已成为农民工市民化的障碍.解决农民工住房问题对加速推进城镇化进程、实现经济社会可持续发展具有重大意义.     

农民工融入城市的路径选择

伴随着我国城市（镇）化的不断发展，大量农民成为城市（镇）化推进中一支有生力量——农民工。由于我国城乡二元经济社会结构的长期性、城市（镇）化的过程性、市场经济的趋利性和社会利益结构的凝固性，使得以农民工为主体的庞大人口在带来城市进步和繁荣的同时，也因为农民工的“边缘人”身份而带来了较大的社会问题。因此，在日益加速的城市化进程中，解决农民工融人城市问题十分迫切。     

我国房地产税制的现状及改革构想

房地产税制是维护房地产市场公平竞争，实现国家对房地产业宏观调控的有力杠杆。然而，我国现行的房地产税制却存在税费不分、税制不统一、税制结构不合理等诸多问题。严重影响了其对房地产业应有的宏观调控作用。因此，适时地推进房地产税制的改革应是当务之急，应统一内外税制，合理界定税费的范围，建立统一、规范、合理的房地产税收体系。     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988-2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988-1990 period and the 1991- 2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

西部地区人力资本投资与知识化发展

人力资本投资在推动知识化发展的过程中存在自增强机制，通过促进人力资本保值增值，进行人力资源合理配置，改善配置环境和配置政策、完善配套措施，有助于充分发挥这一机制的功能，从而实现西部地区知识化发展。     

Age Discrimination in Employment in Canada

Issues pertaining to age discrimination in employment in Canada are analyzed with a view toward highlighting lessons that may be learned from the Canadian experience—an experience that is taking on increased policy importance. Reasons for the increased attention to age discrimination issues are outlined, followed by a portrayal of the age discrimination legislation and court interpretations in Canada, especially as they pertain to mandatory retirement. Enforcement aspects are discussed, as is the evidence on age discrimination in employment and the effectiveness of legislation with respect to age discrimination and mandatory retirement. The article concludes with a discussion of the lessons to be learned from the Canadian experience, especially with respect to the poorly understood but complicated relationship between age discrimination and mandatory retirement. Policy recommendations for strengthening age discrimination legislation are also outlined. (JEL J14 , J24 , J71 )     

Inequalities in Income Distribution in Slovenia

This article presents an empirical analysis of income distribution based on income tax data for Slovenia in 1991-2000. It presents evidence of rising inequalities in income distribution (gross income, gross wages and pensions). These results are supported by coefficients of variation, Gini coefficients and by the Lorenz curves. Inequalities increased rapidly in the 1991 to 1993 period. After a significant decrease in 1994 and a steady increase from 1995 to 2000, the peak value from 1993 was not surpassed. Atkinson's requirements for dominance comparisons are not violated. Inequalities are also present in the distribution of the benefits of economic growth among income groups.     

上海生态农业发展影响因素研究

文章分析了上海生态农业发展的影响因素,并利用计量模型进行检验,认为影响上海生态农业发展的主要因素有农业基础设施、农业劳动力资源、农业产业化水平、农业科技实力状况。     

Public participation in forestry in Turkey

Recently public participation in forestry has been seriously considered in Turkey. Participation is however quite a challenge for a country with a long tradition of top-down management and a strong bottom-up dependence on public provisioning. In such a setting, it may not be surprising that the experiences with public participation in forestry in Turkey are mixed. There are some positive initiatives like the creation of farmer's cooperatives and NGOs, but their role is quite limited and small of scale. This paper is bringing together different views based on existing studies in Turkish related to Turkey's experience with implementing public participation in forestry.     

Inter-enterprise arrears in economies in transition

In the context of economies in transition, the paper argues that an excessive liquidity squeeze could throw the economy into a persistent state of low economic activity. In such bad equilibrium, enterprise transactions become largely demonetized, with a chain of arrears, a form of involuntary credit, spreading over the entire system. The empirical analysis of the Romanian experience seems to support the view advanced in the paper.