银行专利竞争：没有硝烟的战场

专利作为银行核心竞争力的重要决定因素,已经成为中外资银行市场竞争角力的焦点。花旗银行、大通银行等外资银行专利“抢注”事件更是在中国银行界引起轩然大波。本文分析了外资银行专利申请的先进经验,剖析中资银行在专利竞争中存在的问题,并为国内商业银行归纳提出专利保护策略。     

中外资商业银行金融产品专利的比较分析

金融产品专利不但能够为专利持有人带来丰厚的专利使用费和转让收入，更重要的是有助于金融机构保持持久的创新优势，并且构筑起有利于自身业务发展的金融壁垒，所以外资银行都非常重视金融产品的专利申请，并制定了相应的金融专利战略。但是，由于观念和体制上的原因，我国银行业长期以来并未重视金融产品专利对银行长远发展的作用，无论是金融产品的专利数量还是质量都与外资银行特别是美国商业银行有较大差距，这非常不利于中资银行在未来金融知识产权国际化大环境下的竞争。因此，研究金触产品专利及中资银行的专利战略，对处于转轨中的中国银行业具有很重要的现实意义。[编者按]     

外资银行的专利壁垒与我国商业银行的专利战略

在金融电子化和网络化时代,银行之间的竞争已经演变成金融产品之争.以花旗银行为代表的外资银行已经向我国国家专利局提交了多项金融产品专利申请,意图在我国银行业面前竖起一道"专利壁垒".由于体制和观念的原因,我国银行业没有足够重视对金融产品的专利保护,金融产品专利数量少且质量低,金融产品专利保护意识薄弱,金融产品研发能力不足.对此,我国商业银行要通过专利检索与研发策略、专利申请策略、专利保护策略和专利实施策略等,构筑自己的专利战略;同时,辅之以一定的专利运行机构和专利激励制度,保证专利战略的贯彻执行,以应对外资银行的专利挑战.     

论商业银行的专利保护

中国加入WTO后，外资银行全面进入中国金融业。他们在开发推广新的金融服务、金融产品的同时，也为支持这些服务的相关技术及产品提出了专利申请，从而把金融的专利保护问题摆在了我国商业银行面前。本文简要介绍了美国的金融产品专利保护以及外资银行在我国申请的金融专利的概况，着重分析我国商业银行专利申请的状况并阐述我国商业银行应采取的专利策略。     

美国商业银行专利战略对我国商业银行的启示

2002年曝光的花旗银行在华申请商业方法专利事件,敲响了国内银行对金融产品专利申请的警钟。面对外资银行进驻国内金融市场,提高我国商业银行的竞争力,实施适宜的专利战略,加强对金融商业方法专利的研究是十分必要的。本文在对美国及国内商业银行专利申请的现状进行分析对比的基础上,发现我国商业银行在金融专利的保护方面存在着不足之处。因此,针对有关情况提出了一些可供参考的建议。     

外资银行的专利壁垒与我国商业银行的专利战略

在金融电子化和网络化时代，银行之间的竞争已经演变成金融产品之争。以花旗银行为代表的外资银行已经向我国国家专利局提交了多项金融产品专利申请，意图在我国银行业面前竖起一道“专利壁垒”。由于体制和观念的原因，我国银行业没有足够重视对金融产品的专利保护，金融产品专利数量少且质量低，金融产品专利保护意识薄弱，金融产品研发能力不足。对此，我国商业银行要通过专利检索与研发策略、专利申请策略、专利保护策略和专利实施策略等，构筑自己的专利战略；同时，辅之以一定的专利运行机构和专利激励制度．保证专利战略的贯彻执行，以应对外资银行的专利挑战。     

金融产品创新的专利保护策略研究

在金融电子化与网络银行时代,银行之间的竞争已经演变成金融产品之争。以花旗银行为代表的外资银行已经向我国知识产权局提交了多项金融产品专利申请,意图在我国银行业面前竖立起一道“专利壁垒”。因此,我们应该在法律和专利检索研发、专利申请、专利保护及专利实施上做好应对之策。     

入世后银行业竞争的新视角——从中资银行的比较竞争优势看中外银行合作前景

加入WTO后,我国银行业的竞争不断加剧,中资银行如何应对外资银行所带来的冲击成为人们普遍关心的话题。但是,我们在探讨中资银行自身缺陷的同时,也应看到外资银行进入中国市场同样面临着竞争力不足的问题。本文分析了中资银行潜在的比较竞争优势及基于上述优势的竞争策略———加强与外资银行的合作,探讨了中外银行合作的利益所在、业务领域、合作方式、制约因素等,为入世后实现中资银行、外资银行、消费者“三赢”局面提出了初步构想。     

加强我国银行业务创新中商业方法的保护

商业方法作为商业活动中的一般经营、管理规则,在与信息网络技术、计算机软、硬件相结合的过程中成为受法律保护的对象。以花旗银行为代表,多家外资银行也正向我国知识产权局提出"商业方法类"专利申请。一旦申请成功,将会威胁中国银行业务和管理的核心竞争力。面对外资银行咄咄逼人的挑战,我们的银行到了必须把金融商业方法问题放到重要位置上来考虑的时候了。为此,笔者拟从金融商业方法专利化的起因着手,探究我国银行业务创新中商业方法专利法律之保护,以图抛砖引玉。     

银行人才『回流』为哪般

在中国银行业如何面对"狼来了"的呼声中,关于外资银行对中资银行优秀人才的争夺问题,恐怕是最被关注和议论的焦点了.许多人担心,人世后,中资银行的优秀人才将大量流失.而最近,来自花旗、渣打、美洲、汇丰、东亚等著名外资银行的不少优秀员工却纷纷加盟中国光大银行的队伍,出现了令人瞩目的外资银行人才"回流"现象.     

中国内外资银行专利竞争力评价研究

本文在专利检索的基础上,根据中国专利制度的实际,选择相关指标,对中国内外资银行企业专利竞争力进行评价,进而结合市场竞争力,研究各个内资银行所应当选择适用的专利战略。     

外资银行的专利权竞争战略引介

利用专利制度,通过专利权来瓜分和占领一国金融市场,是目前外资银行全球竞争的一个利器。国外在中国申请银行业专利的总数在不断增长,其中发明专利占比较高,而国内申请专利的热点多为实用新型。国外申请的专利在未来银行技术发展趋势的重点和热点的商业方法专利中占比较高,如电子货币、管理系统以及金融安全技术方面。国外银行商业方法专利的技术重点首先是在银行基础设施方面,其次是在银行业务方面。     

商业银行知识产权专利与创新策略研究

随着信息网络技术的快速发展,技术创新成为当代金融创新的主要动力,提高商业银行创新能力,并把创新成果转化为专利保护,是金融企业真正的不断增长的利润。针对目前国内商业银行在创新和知识产权专利保护方面存在的重视程度不够,专利保护体系和激励机制有待完善,信息反馈渠道不畅,专利保护意识薄弱以及投入不足等问题,本文提出了相关对策:建立相应的知识产权专利组织、制度和操作流程;建立创新体系,实行全面创新管理;做好培训宣传,提高员工创新能力和专利知识水平;建立专用基金,对创新和专利者实施激励;重视创新及专利的质量。     

Can foreign banks compete in China?

Foreign banks in China have faced strict regulatory requirements that were not imposed on domestic banks and as such they have performed poorly in profitability rankings. Recent changes in the Chinese regulatory requirements prompt us to consider whether foreign banks are now on an equal footing with the Chinese domestic banks. Using Cobb–Douglas stochastic frontier analysis with total income as the dependent variable, we find no significant performance difference between foreign and domestic banks. However, robustness testing using the individual components of total income as dependent variables reveals that foreign banks need to improve efficiency of their income generation.     

中国银行业商业方法专利保护现状及战略分析

金融业尤其是银行业的商业方法是商业思想、商业运行模式、计算机软硬件的集合体,文章探讨了金融创新环境下商业方法专利对我国银行业发展的重要意义,以翔实的数据分析了当前我国银行业商业方法专利保护工作的整体形势与主要问题,指出我国商业银行应从战略上加强商业方法专利乃至知识产权保护意识,完善战略制定、战略实施以及战略评估,并通过构建制度和加大技术创新扶持来改善外部环境。     

我国商业银行专利战略探析

目前,国内商业银行存在着专利保护意识淡薄、自主研发能力薄弱、人才匮乏、现有专利没有得到有效利用等问题。因此,我国商业银行必须从战略的高度制定专利保护策略,要从提高商业银行专利保护意识,强化自主知识产权研发,加强商业方法专利的保护等方面入手,逐步完善专利保护机制,以期在竞争中逐渐占据优势。     

Do Stronger Patents Stimulate or Stifle Innovation? The Crucial Role of Financial Development

This study explores the effects of patent protection in a research and development (R&D)-based growth model with financial frictions. We find that whether stronger patent protection stimulates or stifles innovation depends on credit constraints faced by R&D entrepreneurs. When credit constraints are nonbinding (binding), strengthening patent protection stimulates (stifles) R&D. The overall effect of patent protection on innovation follows an inverted-U pattern. By relaxing the credit constraints, financial development stimulates innovation. Furthermore, patent protection is more likely to have a positive effect on innovation under a higher level of financial development. We consider cross-country panel regressions and find supportive evidence for this result.     

A leader of the world commodity futures markets in the making? The case of China's commodity futures

We use the daily data of 16 commodity futures contracts traded in China and corresponding foreign markets (the US, the UK, Japan, and Malaysia) to analyze the linkages between markets. Several findings are noteworthy. First, trading returns of foreign markets, such as the US, have significant impact on China's overnight (close-to-open) returns and vice-versa. Second, daytime (open-to-close) returns of many Chinese commodity futures contracts are not led by foreign daytime returns. Finally, the close-to-close returns analysis suggests that there are no significant lead-lag relationships between the Chinese and foreign markets. These results suggest that (1) the Chinese commodity futures markets are information-efficient, and (2) they are likely to be driven by local market dynamics occurring during the daytime trading session.     

Domestic and foreign institutional investors’ behavior in China

This paper compares the investment characteristics between foreign funds operating under Qualified Foreign Institutional Investors (QFIIs) in China and domestic Chinese funds and analyzes the firm-level drivers that influence their allocation choices. The analysis reveals that foreign funds have a preference for a range of sectors such as transportation, metals and non-metals, and machinery, as opposed to industries with a requirement for local knowledge. The portfolios of domestic Chinese funds are distributed more evenly than those of the foreign funds. The comparative analysis indicates that foreign funds invest in firms that are significantly different from those favored by domestic funds in terms of size, profit, and compensation of management. Finally, we find that when making investment decisions, foreign funds tend to rely on some corporate governance indicators, which is not consistent with the results obtained from previous studies examining developed markets. In particular, foreign funds have a preference for firms with a high percentage of state-owned shares, while the reverse is the case for domestic funds. These empirical findings highlight the differences between QFII and domestic fund investment preferences and will be of value to policy-makers in emerging markets, and China, in particular, in gauging the important drivers of foreign investment.     

Patent examination outcomes and the national treatment principle

One of the principles enshrined in all international patent treaties is that equal treatment should be provided to inventors regardless of their nationality. Little is known about whether this “national treatment” principle is upheld in practice. We analyze whether patent examination outcomes at the European and Japanese patent offices vary systematically by inventor nationality and technology area, using a matched sample of 47,947 patent applications. We find that domestic inventors have a higher likelihood of obtaining a patent grant than foreign inventors and that the positive domestic inventor effect is stronger in areas of technological specialization in the domestic economy.