The Heckman Correction for Sample Selection and Its Critique

This paper gives a short overview of Monte Carlo studies on the usefulness of Heckman's (1976, 1979) two-step estimator for estimating selection models. Such models occur frequently in empirical work, especially in microeconometrics when estimating wage equations or consumer expenditures.
It is shown that exploratory work to check for collinearity problems is strongly recommended before deciding on which estimator to apply. In the absence of collinearity problems, the full-information maximum likelihood estimator is preferable to the limited-information two-step method of Heckman, although the latter also gives reasonable results. If, however, collinearity problems prevail, subsample OLS (or the Two-Part Model) is the most robust amongst the simple-to-calculate estimators.     

金融期货交易中的套期保值和基差风险分析

论述了金融期货的内涵、金融期货市场中的套期保值理论、基本操作方法和期货交易中存在的基差风险以及基差的变动对套期保值效果的影响。     

Noise Trading and the Management of Operational Risk; Firms,Traders and Irrationality in Financial Markets*

abstract Efficient market models cannot explain the high level of trading in financial markets in terms of asset portfolio adjustment. It is presumed that much of this excessive trading is irrational ‘noise’ trading. A corollary is that there must either be irrational traders in the market or rational traders with irrational aberrations. The paper reviews the various attempts to explain noise trading in the finance literature, concluding that the persistence of irrationality is not well explained. Data from a study of 118 traders in four large investment banks are presented to advance reasons why traders might seek to trade more frequently than financial models predict. The argument is advanced that trades do not simply occur in order to generate profit, but it does not follow that such trading is irrational. Trading may generate information, accelerate learning, create commitments and enhance social capital, all of which sustain traders' long term survival in the market. The paper treats noise trading as a form of operational risk facing firms operating in financial markets and discusses approaches to the management of such risk.     

上市公司财务业绩影响因素的选择——以遗传算法为视角

影响上市公司财务业绩的潜在因素很多,既有公司自身因素(主要是财务报表信息),又有宏观经济因素和行业因素.如何使用一种科学的变量选择方法,筛选出影响财务业绩的主要变量进行财务业绩预测是我们需要研究的问题.遗传算法可以将变量选择转换成一个求最优解的过程,据各自变量对因变量(财务业绩)的预测能力来决定变量的取舍,有利于提高财务业绩的预测精度.     

Expectations and performance: assessment of public service training in Hong Kong

There are different ways in which training providers and recipients assess the value and outcome of training programmes. Generally, evaluations by clients of training services in the public sector do not receive serious attention as one cohort of officials succeeds another. Such an approach restricts the prospect of improvement, particularly since the providers are not subjected to undergo self-assessment of their programmes. This article seeks to achieve a better understanding of the assessment by soliciting opinions of both clients and providers of training programmes offered by the Civil Service Training and Development Institute in Hong Kong. The views of both the trainers and recipients were collected through a number of surveys and interviews. The response from trainees and trainers reveal significant differences about the expectations and actual content of the training programmes. Interestingly, there were similarities as well in their assessment in some areas. A common position declared by the trainees is that training keeps them informed about the latest developments but does not help them to adjust to changing circumstances. The other complaint was that adequate training was not provided for performing on the job. Trainers expressed different views, but agreed on the fact that the institute is unable to cope with the task and responsibility of training the entire public service and conceded that it is difficult to anticipate the future training needs in the rapidly changing environment in which public administration takes place.     

CO2 Emissions and Financial Performance of Socially Responsible Firms: An Empirical Survey

A firm's financial performance is closely related to its environmental behavior. This result is valid especially in the case of socially responsible firms. In the present study a data econometric analysis is conducted based on a GARCH model for socially responsible and conventional firms. According to our findings, the performance of socially responsible firms is negatively related to an increase of global CO₂ emissions. The firms' costs for implementing environmental policies and the investors' attitude towards the aforementioned firms may account for our results. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

中国三大城市群金融集聚:空间网络及结构分化

金融是国家重要的核心竞争力,金融集聚是推动城市群崛起的重要驱动力。本文基于因子分析和引力模型,研究了2007~2017年京津冀、长三角和珠三角三大城市群的金融集聚及其空间网络。结果发现:从整体来看,三大城市群的金融集聚网络逐步从分割走向融合,且上海在整个金融网络中居于核心位置;从局部来看,城市群内部金融集聚网络的结构差异明显,京津冀表现为主次型单一结构,北京位于绝对核心;长三角为多中心均衡结构,且江苏的金融中心程度明显高于浙江;珠三角为穗深双核结构,深圳的上升趋势明显。据此,应基于城市群金融集聚网络的不同特征,差异化地整合和优化金融资源配置,为区域一体化和经济高质量发展提供高质量的金融服务。     

Estimating panel data models in the presence of endogeneity and selection

We consider estimation of panel data models with sample selection when the equation of interest contains endogenous explanatory variables as well as unobserved heterogeneity. Assuming that appropriate instruments are available, we propose several tests for selection bias and two estimation procedures that correct for selection in the presence of endogenous regressors. The tests are based on the fixed effects two-stage least squares estimator, thereby permitting arbitrary correlation between unobserved heterogeneity and explanatory variables. The first correction procedure is parametric and is valid under the assumption that the errors in the selection equation are normally distributed. The second procedure estimates the model parameters semiparametrically using series estimators. In the proposed testing and correction procedures, the error terms may be heterogeneously distributed and serially dependent in both selection and primary equations. Because these methods allow for a rather flexible structure of the error variance and do not impose any nonstandard assumptions on the conditional distributions of explanatory variables, they provide a useful alternative to the existing approaches presented in the literature.     

基于物元模型的地方财政风险综合评价研究——以咸宁市为例

对地方财政风险进行综合评价,能够定量地确定地方财政面临的风险程度,及时采取有效措施加以防范。本文采用引进物元模型对地方财政风险进行综合评价,并以湖北省咸宁市为例,对其财政风险进行评价,其结果为预警级风险,在此基础上,提出了防范财政风险的建议。     

极值理论(EVT)在金融机构操作风险建模中的应用与改进

极值理论(EVT)是用来研究极端事件分布特性的理论。EVT理论应用于金融机构的操作风险衡量大致有两种方法:一种是POT方法,以点过程方法为基础,选择一个安全阈值,忽略操作损失事件的发生时间;另一种方法BM (Block MaXima)考虑操作损失事件的发生时间,并选择采用GEV分布。对操作风险的EVT衡量方法的改进,大致可以分为两类方向:一类是对POT和BM方法进行改进,把随机变量的非平稳性、相关性特性纳入模型的构建、参数估计和模型检验之中;另一类方向是设法建立新的统计建模分析方法,如因果关系模型、贝叶斯网络技术等。     

中国银行间市场利率结构、信息溢出与形成机制研究

目前全球主要货币市场已高度融合,而中国银行间市场各利率品种间信息传递尽管比国际市场间更顺畅,但利率结构矛盾突出。同一品种不同期限之间利率差异显著,但缺乏共同时间价值基础;同一期限不同品种之间利率水平较接近,但功能定位不清晰。且这些矛盾与利率的内在形成机制一致。此外,利率水平偏高、风险居中的特征使得中国银行间市场对国际资本很有诱惑。这些问题如不尽快解决,中国银行间市场就很难在利率市场化中彰显基础作用,甚至可能在开放过程中被国际游资操纵。     

浅议民营企业的财务风险成因及防范对策

随着经济全球化进程节奏的加快,市场竞争愈发激烈,我国的民营企业面临的风险不断增多,其中财务风险是最大风险之一,因此关注财务风险已经成为当今企业管理研究的一个重要方向。本文从我国民营企业目前面临财务风险现状为出发点,通过深入研究其成因,对民营企业经营中的财务风险提出了一些规避防范对策。     

供应链合作伙伴选择的风险识别与防范

对供应商选择过程中存在的风险进行正确有效的识别和防范,对于提升供应链整体的效率有着重大意义。在对供应链环境下供应商选择中的风险因素进行了识别的基础上,认为在供应链合作伙伴选择中存在环境风险、合作风险和能力风险三种风险,最后提出了相应的具体的风险防范措施,为企业有效地规避和减少供应商选择的风险提供了切实可行的策略,以期对企业有所借鉴意义。     

基于超效率DEA模型的高新技术企业财务绩效评价研究——以湖南省上市高新技术企业为例

根据高新技术企业的特点构建财务绩效评价指标体系,并提出用DEA方法中的超效率模型评价高新技术企业财务绩效。最后,选取湖南省认证并且已经上市的24家高新技术企业为样本展开实证研究,对相对有效的高新技术企业的财务绩效加以更深入的分析,选取标杆企业为超效率较低的企业提出相关的改进措施,以期有利于其更好的发展。     

高等院校财务管理模式创新探究

高等院校的迅速发展,对高校的管理水平提出了更高的要求。要从根本上完善现有的管理体制,就需要结合具体的情况,从制度建设、发展方向、财务管理等多个方面对高校的运转加强管理,而财务管理更是整个高校管理体制改革的重中之重。文章结合我国高校财务管理模式的现状,在分析问题的基础上,提出了财务管理模式进行创新的具体内容。     

A Method to Evaluate Mode Effects on the Mean and Variance of a Continuous Variable in Mixed‐Mode Surveys

Les enquêtes à mode de collecte mixte, dans lesquelles le choix du mode de réponse est laissé aux personnes interrogées, sont de plus en plus répandues. Cette possibilité du choix du mode de réponse peut induire une confusion entre deux sortes d'effets : les effets de sélection et les effets de mesure. L'estimation séparée de ces deux effets est impossible à partir des seules données d'une enquête à mode de collecte mixte. Dans cet article, nous montrons comment la même estimation devient possible à partir d'une comparaison entre les résultats d'une enquête à mode de collecte mixte et ceux d'un enquête à mode de collecte unique basées sur le même questionnaire. La méthode que nous proposons permet d'estimer l'effet du mode de réponse sur la moyenne et la variance d'une variable de réponse continue. Elle est illustrée par l'estimation des effets du mode de réponse sur six questions relatives aux opinions vis‐à‐vis des enquêtes.     

Publication trends in the Journal of International Financial Management and Accounting: A retrospective review

This study uses bibliometric analysis to assess Journal of International Financial Management & Accounting (JIFMA's) evolution between 1989 and 2021. In this retrospective review, we investigate the journal's performance, authorship trends, and intellectual structure. The journal's international focus is primarily on cross-country studies and the effects of country-level factors on various accounting and finance outcomes. The collaborative network of JIFMA's authors has also grown substantially consistent with rise in research collaboration in general across the world. We identify nine major themes making up JIFMA's knowledge structure: (1) value relevance of accounting information relating to the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards, (2) voluntary corporate disclosure, (3) corporate use of financial derivatives, (4) corporate governance, (5) equity valuation, (6) stock return seasonalities, foreign equity ownership, and cost of capital, (7) earnings announcements and pecking order behavior, (8) triple-bottom-line disclosures, and (9) managerial ownership and earnings management. Our findings will likely benefit JIFMA's editorial board and other journal stakeholders including future researchers.     

金融机构操作风险定义比较与评价

近几年,我国出现了许多操作风险大案、要案,这些案件明白无误地警示我们,国内银行业面临的操作风险形势十分严峻,我们必须认真对待。要管好操作风险,就必须对操作风险有一个清醒的认识。本文利用已有的资料对各种关于操作风险的界定进行了梳理,并对各种定义进行了归类与评价,以图对我国的操作风险管理提供有益帮助。     

Dynamism and realignment in the HR architecture: Online labor platform ecosystems and the key role of contractors

Given the widespread contribution of independent contractors to organizational innovation and competitive advantage, it is timely to reassess assumptions about the HRM practices appropriate to their management and the rationale for organizations to work with them. In the original and highly influential HR architecture model of Lepak and Snell (1999), contractor status is viewed as an outcome of the low value and/or low uniqueness of human capital resulting in the proposition to externalize and manage them using either none or minimal compliance-based HRM practices. Developments in digital technologies and algorithmic management epitomized by online labor platforms prompt us to reconsider these assumptions and to challenge the proposed links between value/uniqueness of human capital, employment mode and HRM practices that are assumed by the HR architecture model. Using insights from online labor platforms, we argue that the significant benefits to firms of working with contractors, coupled with the possibilities offered by algorithmic management to efficiently monitor and regulate their behavior, provide a compelling reason for organizations to choose external employment modes even when workers are key to value creation. We challenge the alignment and stability of the relationships proposed by the HR architecture model, and offer propositions to extend the model by reconsidering the rationale for, and nature of, HRM practices associated with contractors. This reassessment is both timely and relevant given the growing prominence of business models where externalizing workers is central alongside the development of new forms of algorithmic human resource management to control them.