China's impact on South African trade and inflation

There has been much controversy about the impact of Chinese growth on the rest of the world. It is generally accepted that China has a dampening effect on global inflation through the supply of cheap products. On the other hand, imports from China could displace domestic production and hence have adverse effects on economic growth and employment. Thus, the question of whether a country benefits from trading with China is a country-specific issue. The results in this paper indicate that limited short-term costs have resulted from the strengthening of trade relations between South Africa and China. As far as inflation is concerned, the paper does not find convincing empirical evidence at the aggregate level for inflation in China leading to domestic price changes. At the disaggregate level, however, there appear to be stronger sector-specific linkages between prices in China and South Africa.     

我国对外文化贸易逆差的原因及应对

本文在分析了文化贸易的现状和特点,并结合实际剖析了目前中国对外文化贸易逆差的原因的基础上,提出了改变巨额对外文化贸易逆差的几点建议。     

基于产业内贸易的浙江高新技术产品国际竞争力研究

进入21世纪以来,浙江省高新技术产品对外贸易迅速发展,对浙江经济发展和结构优化起到较大的推动作用。但浙江省高新技术产品发展仍然处于较低的层次,在参与国际分工过程中竞争力不强,贸易竞争力指数和产业内贸易指数较低,亟需推进结构优化,增强创新意识,优化人才机制,提高产品科技含量,加大高新技术产品的差异化程度。     

Challenges facing international projects for entrepreneurial development in South Africa

International development projects that support entrepreneurship face a number of challenges, not least because they need to integrate different paradigms. Based on the case study of a Canadian non-governmental organisation in South Africa, this paper provides an exploratory assessment of these challenges and highlights four major factors that affect the success of such international projects: transposing a northern business model to the south; developing local roots and adapting to the local context; balancing the allocation of resources between managing the project and providing services to entrepreneurs; and aligning the cultures of the private sector and international development agencies. In practical terms, the findings provide benchmarks for the success of these projects and could help improve interventions that encourage entrepreneurship in developing countries.     

The theory of optimum currency areas,trade adjustment,and trade

This article seeks to provide a closer integration of the theory of optimum currency areas with the theory of international trade. A currency area is treated as a continuous variable ranging from zero to one: zero if there is no enlargement, and some positive value otherwise, corresponding exactly to the percentge of trade in the enlarged area. The benefits of widening a currency area are then regarded, in terms of conventional trade theory, as equivalent to a reduction in transportation cost. The costs of widening a currency area are seen, instead, with reference to open economy macroeconomics, as a drop in the speed of adjustment of the terms of trade to their long-run equilibrium level. On this basis, it is shown that the marginal benefits of enlarging a currency area fall, the marginal costs rise, and an optimum size arises. But this size depends heavily on the optimal composition of the members.CEPR     

服务业FDI和对我国服务贸易竞争力的影响

在经济全球化的进程中,FDI成为利用境外资源和市场的标志性手段,虽然对于FDI对东道国经济贡献存在一系列争论,但是数据显示FDI对于第二产业的发展起到了很大的推动作用,同时也带动着我国在货物贸易方面的发展。然而伴随着服务业管制放松、服务贸易自由化的制度安排以及服务业的特殊性质,使得全球外商直接投资(FDI)的重点已转向服务业。与英美等服务贸易强国相比,我国的服务贸易还存在着相当大的差距。本文通过实证分析得出目前服务业FDI的流入并没有如同制造业那样带来服务贸易国际竞争力的增加,并从三个方面分析了出现这种现象的原因和改进措施。     

借鉴和思考:国际贸易政策性融资剖析

剖析各国国际贸易政策性融资体制,可以理清其制度特征,为我国同类机构的运作提供有益借鉴,促使学界对国际贸易政策性融资方式的发展多加思考。     

The choice of an invoicing currency in international trade and the balance of trade impact of currency depreciation

Cross-country differences in the choice of an invoicing currency in international trade is one reason for cross-country differences in estimated exchange rate coefficients in short-run balance of trade equations. If exports are invoiced in domestic currency while imports are invoiced in a foreign currency, a depreciation will increase the domestic currency value of outstanding import contracts, and may cause the balance of trade to fall in the short run. Countries with different invoicing patterns will have different effects on the short-run trade balance following a depreciation. We explore a simple theory of invoicing currency choice, drawing inferences regarding the likely choices for 14 countries. This allows a classification of countries according to the expected short-run balance of trade effect of a currency depreciation. Empirical estimates support the hypothesized groupings based on suggested currency invoicing patterns.     

Market power,uncertainty, and the level of trade

We consider a set of home firms, each of which has a stochastic requirement for a particular input. High-cost home firms can produce the input themselves. Low-cost foreign firms produce the input to sell it to home firms through an international market. Efficiency requires the input to be produced by foreign firms and traded in the market. Yet, home firms will always engage in inefficient home production. By producing some of its own input needs, a home firm cuts down on aggregate input demand, thus depressing prices in the market.     

沪港服务贸易国际竞争力比较研究

本文通过聚类分析和判别分析,划分上海和香港两地经济发展阶段,运用显示性比较优势指数以及贸易竞争优势指数等指标,对处于同一发展阶段的沪港两地服务贸易国际竞争力进行比较。结果表明上海服务贸易国际竞争力较弱,香港经验对上海服务贸易发展有很好的借鉴作用。     

绿色壁垒对中国对外贸易的影响及对策研究

随着世界经济贸易一体化的发展,国际上用关税和传统的非关税措施来限制发展中国家商品进口的余地已经很小,绿色贸易壁垒以其鲜明的时代特征日益成为国际贸易发展的主要关卡。中国作为世界上最大的发展中国家和主要的贸易大国,许多产品已经或即将受到发达国家的绿色壁垒的影响,如何很好地应对绿色壁垒,已成为我国所面临的重要课题。     

促进企业跨国经营带动广东外贸增长

近几年,广东外贸因遇外贸壁垒和成本上升等因素增长速度放慢。在寻找广东外贸增长方式方面,笔者认为应转变对外经济贸易工作的观念和思路,把外贸与跨国经营结合起来,鼓动广东企业积极“走出去”实施跨国经营,参与国际市场的全面竞争,以此带动外贸增长。为此,我们提出在跨国经营的战略部署上应考虑区域和产业链选择的三步走战略,同时强调技术的引进和吸收等战略。     

Infrastructure and Growth in South Africa: Direct and Indirect Productivity Impacts of 19 Infrastructure Measures

Empirical explorations of the growth and aggregate productivity impacts of infrastructure have been characterized by ambiguous (countervailing signs) results with little robustness. This paper, utilizing panel data for South African manufacturing over the 1970–2000 period, and a range of 19 infrastructure measures, explores the question of infrastructure endogeneity in output equations. The paper develops an instrumentation strategy generalizable to other contexts. Controlling for the possibility of endogeneity in the infrastructure measures renders the impact of infrastructure capital not only positive, but of economically meaningful magnitudes.     

中国-南非贸易摩擦及对策分析

中、南贸易摩擦伴随贸易增长也迅速增加,主要以反倾销、实施严格的技术性贸易壁垒以及进口配额限制为主,对南贸易逆差成为贸易摩擦的直接诱因,也是国外对华反倾销在南非发生连锁效应的结果;应增强涉案企业应诉的主动性,激励法律人才从事贸易摩擦的应诉工作,推动中、南自由贸易协定的谈判。     

国际贸易壁垒对温州产业发展的影响和对策

近些年,温州对外贸易发展迅速,但同时,温州产品频遭国际贸易壁垒,其对温州企业的出口造成很大冲击。在遭受国际贸易壁垒的过程中,温州民营企业从回避到主动应对。本文就国际贸易壁垒对温州产业发展的影响展开论述,并提出应对国际贸易壁垒的对策。     

宁波高新技术产品出口与出口贸易关系的协整分析

本文引用协整分析和Granger因果检验法,利用宁波1995～2004年的年度数据检验了宁波对外贸易与经济增长协整关系和因果关系,实证结果表明:宁波高新技术产品出口与出口贸易之间存在唯一的协整关系,而且两者之间存在着互为因果的反馈性关系。