"民生改善"引领旅游发展方式转变

中国旅游业经历了从新中国建立时的外交业,到改革开放后的经济型产业,再到当前正在酝酿的国民休闲旅游计划,经历了从关注政治-经济-民生的历程,呈现出从单一注重经济功能转向关注经济、社会、文化、环境、人本等多元功能."民生改善"将引领中国旅游发展方式的转变.     

休闲经济时代的旅游资源分类与评价

随着知识经济时代的到来和社会人群消费能力的增长,发达国家和地区正在进入休闲时代,在中国都市地区和旅游城市,休闲也成为一种主流时尚文化,并相应产生多种市场需求,在旅游业和娱乐业基础上发展起来休闲经济,形成了地区新的经济增长点,很多城市的经济增长模式已经由依靠单一产业转向依靠休闲业及其相关产业.休闲经济内容涉及旅游、房地产、文化娱乐、交通、餐饮业、社区服务等以及由此连带的产业群,休闲产业是指建立在休闲的大众化基础之上,由休闲消费需求和休闲产品供给构筑的经济.未来学家指出:"休闲是新千年全球经济发展的五大推动力中的第一引擎","休闲业正在发展成为世界最大的产业".     

休闲:“以人为本”、充满“人文关怀”的事业

在一个拥有14亿人口、一年享有115天假日、社会进步的国家,如何让民众"聪明地"用闲,引导民众享受健康、积极、文明的生活方式,对于提高国民素质、增强国家软实力意义重大.<于光远马惠娣十年对话--关于休闲学研究的基本问题>通过对休闲实践领域所蕴含的"以人为本"与"人文关怀"的核心价值的阐述,为我国正在兴起的休闲经济、休闲消费、休闲产业和休闲旅游提供了及时的理论指导.     

乡村旅游与小城镇发展

引言在全世界,旅游业是发展最快的经济产业.本文探讨"乡村旅游"的本质及其对小城镇发展的作用.一、乡村旅游的本质1844年,汉斯·克里斯蒂安·安徒生写了《旅行即生活》.他从哥本哈根城出发,遍游欧洲,脱离城市生活的疲惫与乏味.如今,人员流动性的增加、不菲的收入及信息社会的更多信息等因素都促使人们摆脱城市生活,强健体能,净化灵魂,与家人同乐,与朋友同欢.在清新山川,体验自然世界风貌,吸引着人们远离尘埃喧嚣的工业城市,旅游、娱乐和休闲互相联系,融为一体.乡村游本质上是怀旧和回归到本初.     

旅游城市休闲服务业协调发展研究

本文通过明晰休闲与旅游的关系,着重探讨了旅游城市经济产业中休闲服务部门的概念与内涵,并从时空角度追索了休闲活动的演化进程,分析了休闲服务业的部门构成和国内外发展现状,探讨了我国旅游城市休闲服务业协调发展的初步构想.     

文化旅游开发中的“人类学参与”

文化旅游对于文化的利用需要经历"文化资源化"和"文化再生产"的过程.旅游产业化的直接后果之一就是深刻地影响,甚至改变了人们的生活和休闲方式.在中国学术界,从事旅游研究和开发的学者,包括管理学、经济学、地理学等学科都采取不同的方式,直接或间接介入旅游开发领域,而以研究文化和地方社会见长的人类学,在旅游开发过程中,应该和怎样扮演自己的角色,把人类学的理论知识转化为实践性的行动研究,以解决与旅游相伴而生的各种社会和文化问题呢?     

国内外观鸟旅游研究综述

观鸟旅游是生态旅游最重要的表现形式.观鸟旅游的经济、社会、环境效益得到了学术界的关注,尤其是美国已将其列入全国休闲产业调查的对象.本文通过介绍观鸟旅游概念、涉及的学科理论、研究方法和成功的案例,以及与环境保护关系,解析中国观鸟旅游者行为研究现状,为中国观鸟旅游相关利益者例如旅游管理部门、当地社区、旅行社和旅游者提供有益的建议.     

海南“旅游+”产业发展新模式探析——以大洲岛“旅游+燕窝”为例

随着社会经济的发展,旅游业已成为朝阳产业。随着海南自由贸易试验区和中国特色自由贸易港的战略发展,国际旅游岛的支柱产业必将迎来新的历史机遇和发展。旅游业从传统的观光休闲向康养度假转变,许多人开始关注"养生"。因此海南旅游产业可以将"养生"与旅游结合起来。本文以海南大洲岛为例,将当地特产"燕窝"与大洲岛旅游项目结合起来,借助"旅游+"的新模式,因地制宜,促进当地经济的发展,探索海南旅游业态发展的新模式。     

乡村闲置资源的开发与利用 ——首旅寒舍打造乡村酒店实践篇

随着国民经济的不断发展,国民休闲计划在百姓心中越来越受到重视,国内旅游人次增长速度加快,人均消费也在逐年提高.据中国旅游研究院提供资料表明,2016年,全域旅游推动旅游经济实现了较快增长,大众旅游时代的市场基础更加厚实,产业投资和创新更加活跃,经济和社会效应更加明显,旅游业成为"稳增长、调结构、惠民生"的重要力量:与上年同期相比,国内旅游44.4亿人次,增长11.0%;入出境旅游2.6亿人次,增长3.9%;全年实现旅游总收入4.69万亿元,增长13.6%,人均出游次数为3.5次.2017年是实施"十三五"规划的重要一年,也是推进供给侧结构性改革的深化之年.我国旅游市场规模稳步扩大,旅游业在创新发展中继续领跑经济增长.旅游已经发展到大众化旅游中高级阶段,向日常休闲回归,差异化游憩环境逐渐成为休闲的手段.休闲需求进入越来越多百姓的日常生活,国内旅游需求旺盛.预计2017年国内旅游人数将达到48.80亿人次,同比增长10.0%,人均出游次数将达到4.5次.     

北京市休闲和旅游产业竞争力研究

<正>伴随着国民收入的增加，人们对物质的需求满足之后，对休闲和旅游的需求越来越多，休闲和旅游逐渐成为人民美好生活的重要组成部分⁽(1))。近年来，北京市休闲和旅游产业蓬勃发展，各类产品与服务不断丰富，适应了市内外游客休闲和旅游体验的需要。提高休闲和旅游产业竞争力不仅有利于产业发展，还可进一步发挥产业促经济、惠民生的作用，充分满足人们的休闲和旅游需要。休闲和旅游产业竞争力，指休闲和旅游产业以综合效益最优化为目的，通过合理开发、利用、配置当地休闲和旅游资源而形成的相对优势。     

Crime and punishment and sports development

This paper contributes to understandings of the use of sport as a medium in crime reduction programmes directed at young people. It does this through a case study of Easttown Summit1 The names of the location, programme and participants have all been changed to maintain client confidentiality , to show how and why this programme has had an impact on participants. The case study examines the relevance of a theoretical framework for understanding the mechanism of crime reduction though value directed personal development. However, this framework was developed from studies of programmes working with relatively high‐risk participants. Brantingham and Faust (1976) categorise this type of programme as ‘tertiary’. In contrast the Summit programme was secondary, working with lower risk participants. While clients of the Summit gained some benefits consistent with those likely to reduce offending, the research found that these benefits were largely an incidental by‐product of the achievement of broader sports development objectives. This may well be the case for similar secondary programmes, which have largely been developed in leisure departments, and has profound implications for programme evaluation.     

Foreign travel and tourism prices and demand

Sunday, Alexander A., “Foreign Travel and Tourism Prices and Demand,” Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. V, No. 2, April/June 1978, pp. 268–273. Using regression analysis and panel data this study estimates the parameter effect of prices on American demand for foreign travel and tourism. Findings suggest that higher air fares generate fewer tourists but greater expenditure per tourist visit.     

Hospitality and tourism student and alumni perspectives: promotion expectations,academic and experience adjustments,and career growth

Preparing qualified graduates for the tourism and hospitality industry who will stay and achieve promotional success is paramount. The objectives of this research project were to determine promotional advancement expectations and strategies to improve promotional opportunities. Two separate questionnaires, with both open and close-ended questions, were sent to upper classmen/women in hospitality and tourism programs and alumni of the same programs. In total, 717 (409 students and 308 alumni) completed the questionnaires. Chi-square tests were run to determine differences between student and alumni responses. To assist in analysis of open-ended responses, Atlas.ti was used. There was a statistically significant difference between students and alumni responses in regards to promotional expectations; students expected it to take a significantly longer time to receive a promotion to supervisor or manager than alumni. Overall, students and alumni indicated strategies such as more real-world-focused courses with hands-on experiences.     

Tourism and decolonisation: Locating research and self

This paper critically explores decolonial theory and its relevance for tourism studies. We suggest that while postcolonial and related critical theoretical perspectives furthered understandings of the consequences of colonisation, such critical theorising has not provided an epistemological perspective of tourism which legitimises the cosmologies of, and actively empowers, traditionally marginalised groupings. We review published tourism research which adopts critical and postcolonial perspectives, and argue that while these have been valuable in terms of exposing the existence and effects of dominant discourses and practices in tourism, their emancipatory objectives are limited because tourism knowledge is still predominantly colonial. Epistemological decolonisation is thus presented as a more radical project which can provide an ‘other’ way of thinking, being and knowing about tourism.     

Mega-events and their legacy: Image and tourism in Genoa,Turin and Milan

Hosting, or organising, a mega-event is a form of destination branding; it is a way to generate the leveraging process of the event itself and promote the image of a location. Besides, these events allow a destination to attract the attention of the public and the media, enhancing its awareness nationally and internationally. Mega-events promote greater flows of tourists and visitors, especially in the short term. Nevertheless they produce long-lasting effects, such as the attraction and stimulation of investments, urban regeneration, advanced facilities and equipment, in addition to the improvement of accommodation, services and infrastructures. Thanks to those investments and to the growth in tourist arrivals, the mega-events could have a positive impact on the local economy, also over years, but some of their most important outcomes deal with the so-called intangible legacy, or rather social, cultural and political effects, more difficult to identify and measure. They can modify local identity and image, supporting the repositioning of the hosting place at an international level. The above considerations are discussed in this study; most attention is paid to three Italian cities, involved in top events: Genoa, appointed as European Capital of Culture in 2004; Turin, that hosted the XX Olympic Winter Games in 2006; Milan, that is now organising the Universal Expo 2015.     

Supplier selection and partnerships: Effects upon restaurant operational and strategic benefits and performance

This study focused on identifying strategic criteria involved in selecting suppliers of restaurant products/services specific to casual dining, full service independent restaurants to obtain operational and strategic benefits for those managers operating in this highly competitive marketplace. A total of 765 responses were obtained from managers at independently owned restaurants throughout the U.S. Results revealed that ‘product’ and ‘financial/technical’ criteria had significant and positive effects upon operational benefits, while ‘product’ and ‘service’ had positive effects upon strategic benefits. When the sample was segmented into low and high supplier partnership groups, the positive effects of ‘financial/technical’ and ‘cost/price’ were significantly greater for the ‘high’ partnership group pertaining to operational benefits. ‘Product’ and ‘service’ and their effects upon strategic benefits were greatest for the high partnership group. Based on our findings, implications, limitations, and recommendations for future studies have been provided.     

Total Quality Management and Tourism and Hospitality Education

ABSTRACT

This paper examines the application of quality management concepts in relation to the provision of tourism and hospitality education, with a specific focus on Thailand. The key quality concepts, namely quality control, quality assurance, quality audit and “Total Quality Management” (TQM) are identified, and the applications of these concepts in the provision of tourism and hospitality education are discussed. The paper explores three main themes. The first is to examine how quality issues have been applied to tourism and hospitality education. Second, the paper outlines the concepts of quality management, which represent the key element of a TQM strategy to implement conformance to standards and quality improvement. The third theme discusses the specific case of Thailand, drawing on research in its early stages which examines quality management in tourism and hospitality education in Thailand. An outline of the nature of tourism and hospitality education in Thailand is provided, followed by a synopsis of the significant challenges facing Thai tourism and hospitality education. A procedure for examining quality in tourism and hospitality education in Thailand is proposed.     

Leisure and work ethics and locus of control

Abstract

Equivocal findings regarding the relationship between attitudes toward leisure and the extent to which people feel in control of their own fate led to the consideration of possible mediating influences. The current study was an attempt to examine the relationship between locus of control and the affective domain of leisure attitude, or leisure “ethic,” while controlling for the influence of work ethic. The possibility of differences between males and females and students and nonstudents led to four separate subgroup analyses. Results indicated that of the four groups, only female students showed a substantial relationship between locus of control and leisure ethic. In this group, leisure ethic was associated with an external locus of control, the tendency to regard the control of life's circumstances as lying outside oneself. In none of the groups was the influence of work ethic great enough to make an appreciable difference in the relationship between locus of control and leisure ethic. The group differences were discussed in terms of sex‐role orientations and career aspirations.     

传统与复建历史文化街区文旅融合特征与路径——基于符号学视角

历史文化街区既是城市文化的重要地标,也是旅游发展的重要资源,由此成为新时期文旅融合的重要实践载体。本研究基于符号学视角,选取黄山市屯溪区毗邻的屯溪老街和黎阳in巷分别作为传统与复建历史文化街区代表,基于扎根理论构建历史文化街区文旅融合的符号学理论框架。实证分析表明：传统与复建两类历史文化街区均形成了主题定位、文旅功能、空间布局、物质载体、业态产品、旅游服务六方面的文化和旅游符号,前者以传统文化符号居多,后者以现代旅游符号居多;两类街区文化和旅游符号融合的独特性、凸显性、融合性和适应性等特征差异明显,前者偏向地域文化的独特性,后者偏向旅游介入的适应性。据此提出传统历史文化街区“旅游趋向”和复建历史文化街区“文化趋向”的文旅融合路径,两类街区在文化传承与旅游发展中应加强文化资源符号化、资源功能多元化、符号空间整合化、文化符号全景化,促进文化产品价值化、旅游服务品质化,以实现历史文化街区可持续发展。     

国家形象与目的地形象：概念的异同和整合的可能

国家形象是国际商务和国际营销领域的重要概念,目的地形象是旅游领域的重要概念。在竞争日益激烈的全球化市场上,国家形象和目的地形象对于产品和旅游目的地获得竞争优势具有重要的战略价值。目前,国家形象和目的地形象研究基本上是独立的,文章在全面回顾两个领域最新研究进展的基础上,分析两概念定义、理论基础、形象主体和客体、形象内容等方面的异同;根据对国家形象、目的地形象与旅游研究中的其他社会心理变量之间关系的分析,提出整合这些变量的旅游意向模型以及相应的三个命题,以引导下一步的实证研究。