寿险保单强制执行的法律问题研究

寿险保单属典型的财产权,在保险事故发生之前相关权利主要归属投保人,在法律上为民诉法相关司法解释所规定的债权,可被法院强制执行。法院在执行寿险保单时,不得直接要求保险公司解除寿险保单,而应要求投保人解除寿险保单并由保险公司协助扣划保单现金价值。企业为员工购买的寿险保单不得因企业负债而被执行,投保人为被执行人时应允许被保险人或受益人支付对价取得投保人地位。本文同时就保险公司如何应对协助执行寿险保单时可能面临的风险提出了对策。     

寿险保单现金价值权属探析

我国现行的保险法对寿险保单现金价值权属没有明确的规定,由此造成在许多法律纠纷。本文通过分析投保人和被保险人的权利和义务,以及社会关系及行为,得出寿险保单的现金价值应归属于被保险人。     

商业银行保单质押贷款风险防范

商业银行保单质押贷款业务的现状及意义商业银行保单质押贷款业务,是指借款人以保险公司签发的具有现金价值且未到期的长期寿险业务保险单（以下简称保单）作为质押物,从商业银行取得一定金额人民币贷款的个人授信业务。     

论我国银行保单质押面临的理论困境与实践难题——兼议银行法律风险的防范

传统的保单质押理论框架主要是围绕保险公司为借款主体予以构建,故无法适应我国现在部分由银行从事保单质押贷款业务的现状,加上实定法规则的缺位,因此银行从事保单质押贷款业务面临的两大突出问题:质权何时生效以及未来保单现金价值请求权归属于其他人而非投保人时银行质权是否存在都有进一步厘清的必要.经分析可知,因保单属于不完全有价证券,因此应以质押合同当事人前往保险公司核押而非保单交付作为银行质权的生效要件,而针对未来保单现金价值请求权归属于他人之情形,银行也必须分情况作出不同的风险防范.     

法院可否以及如何强制执行保单现金价值

大家知道,长期人身险保单往往会有保单现金价值,而投保人有退保取得退保金即现金价值的权利。于是,当投保人由于债务问题被告上法庭时,债权人或法院一旦知道债务人投保了有现金价值的人身险保单,往往就会要求债务人退保,然后用保单现金价值偿还债务。当然,债务人通常都不愿意这样做,这时,有的法院会将保单现金价值强制执行,即强制要求债务人与保险公司解除保险合同,并强制要求债务人用保单现金价值偿还债务。     

寿险保单质权设定研究

人身保险合同,尤其是人寿保险合同,当 缴纳保费达到一定期限后,便会产生现金价值。现金价值的存在,使人身保险合同能成为质押标的物。为了充分发挥寿险保单担保功能,本文将对寿险保单质权的性质、保单质权有效设定的法律要件、保单质权设定后的法律效力进行理论探讨。同时,对实务中保单质权的设定进行介绍和评价,以期完善我国保单质权制度。     

人寿保单的现金价值可否强制执行

长期人寿保单具有现金价值,当投保人要求退保时即可获得相应的保单现金价值,但是若发生投保人资不抵债等情形时,人民法院能否强制执行投保人保单的现金价值进行债务清偿呢?这一问题目前尚存在争议,未解决此问题,我们引入案例分析,并对人寿保单现金价值的相关属性以及其执行方式进行讨论。     

保单质押贷款风险控制不容忽视

银行和保险业的合作日益加深，使基于共同利益基础上的新产品的开发也不断地升级。保单质押贷款就是本着双方拓宽业务合作、突破传统项目而联合开发的一种质押融资新品。具体而言，它是指投保客户在不影响投保权益的前提下，将具有一定现金价值且未到给付期的人寿保险单作为质押，向银行申请融通资金的贷款方式。作为一种具有特殊性的质押物，寿险保单的规范发展仍值得探讨和研究。     

保险合同质押贷款初探

以寿险保单为质物在银行进行质押贷款其风险系数几乎为零,此种短、平、快的安全融资方式深受投保人、银行和保险公司欢迎。但其操作需要银保双方共同配合才能完成,这样也势必会带来一定程度的潜在风险。本文以分析保单质押的法律特征为切入点,对其潜在风险进行了初步分析,并明确了操作中应注意的问题。     

寿险产品洗钱风险研究

一、洗钱的基本理论及对被利用洗钱的保险产品的特性 (一)具有较高的现金价值 保单现金价值是投保人或保险人解除保险合同时保险人应当退还投保人的金额.保单现金价值越高,其转移资金的能力就越强,洗钱才容易成功.     

论人身保险单的质押

人身保险单质押是权利质押.目前实践中主要以人身保险单的现金价值权为出质标的,从法律和质权的安全性考量,法律上应当明确人身保险单所表彰的投保人的现金价值权和被保险人、受益人的受益权均可以出质,投保人、被保险人、受益人均可作为出质人,而有关风险由质权人来考量和控制.人身保险单质权的设立和公示为确保交易便捷和安全,应当以登记...     

The Demand for Life Insurance Policy Loans

Previous research has examined the demand for life insurance policy loans using aggregate policy loan data. In contrast, we use a detailed household survey data set containing life insurance and policy loan information to alternatively, and in some cases more directly, examine the four hypotheses traditionally associated with policy loan demand. Our research provides the first U.S. evidence (in the post–World War II period) in support of the policy loan emergency fund hypothesis. In particular, we find that the more detailed emergency fund proxies used here reveal a significantly positive relation between loan demand and recent expense or income shocks.     

信贷损失准备计提的理论分析

本文在预期损失与损失准备概念的基础上,通过对贷款价值、预期损失与违约升水之间关系的分析提出了信贷损失准备计提的理论与方法,指出基于未来现金流量折现法的信贷准备计提方法更能反映贷款的真实价值。最后结合银行信贷损失准备计提的实践,对理论方法与实践中的作法进行了简要的评析。     

Getting the Right Mix of Capital and Cash Requirements in Prudential Bank Regulation*

Cash reserve requirements are useful as a broadly conceived prudential tool, not just as a narrowly focused means of limiting the risks associated with illiquidity. Indeed, illiquidity risk is neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition for establishing bank liquidity requirements. The primary means of mitigating the systemic costs of bank illiquidity risk is the creation of an effective lender of last resort (LOLR). But instead of focusing narrowly on bank funding risks when designing liquidity requirements, regulators should consider tradeoffs among capital requirements, liquidity requirements, and LOLR policies for achieving the broader prudential goal of limiting bank default risk. When considering the optimal tradeoff between capital ratios and cash ratios as prudential requirements, five “frictions” are identified that favor the use of one or the other: (1) the adverse‐selection costs of raising equity (which favors the use of cash); (2) the opportunity cost of forgone abnormal profits (or “quasi rents”) from lending (which favors the use of capital); (3) the limited verifiability of loan outcomes (which favors the use of cash); (4) the moral hazard that results from costly or postponed loss recognition, given the incentive for risk shifting in bad states (which favors the use of cash); and (5) the prospect of changes in the risk environment (which favors cash since it creates greater option value for maintaining targeted default risk with lower adjustment costs in the face of changing loan risk or illiquidity risk). When viewed from the perspective of achieving the main prudential goal of controlling default risk at a minimum social cost, capital requirements have some limitations that favor liquidity requirements, and vice versa. And thus the optimal regulatory policy will combine liquidity and capital requirements.     

Voluntary Termination of Life Insurance Policies

Abstract

In this paper, one error-correction model (ECM) that is able to avoid the problem of producing noise within traditional multiple cointegration vectors has been employed to explore the dynamics of surrender behavior. The evidence shows that both the emergency fund hypothesis and interest rate hypothesis are sustained in the short run as well as in the long run. A unique cointegration relationship within the surrender dynamics has been validated. In addition, a new hypothesis test that stresses the competition for the withdrawal of life insurance policy cash values has also been conducted. Such a crowding-out effect between policy loans and policy surrenders might be attributed to the motivation that keeps a life policy in force, the existence of surrender charges, and the automatic premium loan provision.     

利率上浮及其与贷款基准利率的关系探究

对31个省市2005-2015年的1~3年期贷款利率上浮幅度进行测算,并通过统计分析与面板模型对其与贷款基准利率的关系进行探索性研究,结果显示:贷款利率上浮幅度与贷款基准利率负相关,贷款利率上浮幅度自2010年开始快速上升;不同地区的上浮幅度差异大,存在明显的区域异质性,中国人民银行通过基准利率调整进行宏观调控时,主要对北京市、上海市的贷款利率形成传递效应,对其它地区的影响相对较小;且随着时间的推移,基准利率政策的有效性越来越低.因此,为发挥基准利率政策的有效性,应在适度区间进行基准利率调节,加强中国人民银行对地方性商业银行的宏观审慎管理能力,同时与数量型货币政策相配合.     

Coincident correlations of growth and cash flow in banking

Prior empirical research indicates that loan growth in the banking industry is positively related to cash flow. I offer an alternative methodology that is better able to capture the effect of cash flow on loan growth while controlling for the potentially coincident effect of loan growth on cash flow. Using a sample of 171,389 observations on banks, 1986–2007, I find that causality runs more consistently from growth to cash flow than from cash flow to growth. This extends prior empirical research by Houston and James (1998) and Campello (2002) on cash flow sensitivities in the banking industry.     

激进战略与企业现金持有——预防性动机还是代理动机

以2007-2016年A股非金融上市公司为样本,考察了公司战略激进程度对现金持有决策的影响,并从现金持有价值与竞争效应两个角度,探讨不同公司战略类型下现金持有经济后果的差异。研究结果显示：公司战略越激进,企业现金持有水平越高;并且战略越激进,现金持有价值越高,现金的竞争效应越强。进一步研究表明：随着融资约束和经济政策不确定性的提高,采取激进战略的公司,现金持有水平进一步提高。这说明公司战略是影响现金持有决策的重要因素,而战略激进的公司持有大量现金主要是出于预防性动机,而非代理动机。     

The Relevance of a Segment Cash Flow Statement in Lending Decisions: An Empirical Study

The purpose of this study is to examine the relevance of a segment cash flow statement in the lending decisions of commercial bank loan officers. 117 loan officers made short term, intermediate term, and long term lending decisions using case materials prepared for a company that operates in two industries—soft drinks and farm machinery/equipment. Results indicate that segment cash flow statements are relevant in lending decisions under certain circumstances. When given the ‘good news’ that a stable industry was the cash source, loan officers in the soft drinks group granted more long term loans than those in the control group. When given the ‘bad news’ that a troubled industry was the cash source, loan officers in the farm group made smaller short term loans than those in the control group.     

产业政策与信贷资金配置效率

基于上市公司逐笔银行贷款合约数据,本文考察了产业政策对信贷资金配置效率的影响。研究发现,当上市公司处于国家产业政策支持的行业时,公司所拥有的政企关系对银行贷款合约制定的积极作用会更大,全要素生产率对银行贷款合约制定的积极作用会更小,基于分省产业政策以及上市公司全部贷款数据的分析进一步确认了上述结论。从影响因素来看,当上市公司为国有企业、所在省份固定资产投资增速越高、法治环境越差时,产业政策的影响会越明显。本文的证据表明,通过加强法治建设、为不同所有制企业提供公平的竞争环境、改善产业政策的制定与实施,能够提升产业政策指导下的信贷资金配置效率。