股票市场、货币需求与总量经济:一般均衡分析

近几年来我国实体经济与股票市场的表现出现较大差别 ,与传统理论 (如财富效应、Q效应 )相违背。本文认为传统观点实质上是一种局部均衡分析 ,没有考虑货币市场的影响。为此 ,本文引入一个简单的一般均衡模型 ,在考察股票市场对货币需求影响的基础上 ,全面综合分析股票市场对实体总量经济的影响。文章还着重分析了我国股票市场对实体经济作用有限或滞后的原因 ,并提出相关政策建议。     

Money Market Uncertainty and Retail Interest Rate Fluctuations: A Cross-Country Comparison

Abstract. This paper analyzes empirically the relationship between money market uncertainty and unexpected deviations in retail interest rates in a sample of ten OECD countries. We find that, with the exception of the United States, money market uncertainty has only a modest impact on the conditional volatility of retail interest rates. Even for the United States, we find that the effects of money market uncertainty are spread out over time. Our results also indicate that money market uncertainty tends to be passed on to retail rates to a lesser extent in countries where banking relationships play a substantial role.     

Virtual Currencies,the Money Market,and Monetary Policy

Virtual currencies are in vogue mainly due to two factors. First, as a protest against authority-driven monetary policy decisions and second, as alternatives to deficits in some monetary systems arising out of political instability or other causes. Assuming that virtual currencies indeed (partially) replace national currencies as payment vehicles, we attempt, in this article, to integrate the virtual currency supply and demand into the Keynesian money market framework. This article presents a few results for the central banks and outlines problems that may result for monetary policy formulation. Since this is the first such attempt to model a national money market as a combination of nationally-issued currency and globally-issued virtual currency, certain simplistic assumptions have been made. Nevertheless, the model offers directions on the impact of virtual currencies on the monetary system and the national money market. Additionally, the paper integrates the official standpoints of the European Central Bank and the Bank of England on this topic.     

货币市场基金对货币政策影响的理论分析

货币市场基金(MMF)以其低风险、高流动性和稳定收益性在海外资本市场备受青睐 ,在国内已有博时、华安和招商三家基金管理公司获准发行准货币市场基金。根据美国的经验 ,MMF的推出将对货币政策产生一定冲击。本文论述了MMF对货币政策的影响 ,以期为MMF的监管以及在实施货币政策时考虑MMF因素提供理论依据。     

我国资本市场和货币市场关联性分析

本文通过分析2002年11月至2004年11月期间我国上海证券市场、全国银行间同业拆借市场和国债市场中的时间序列数据,认为在该时间段内我国资本市场和货币市场已经建立了明显的联动关系,资金价格信息主要从资本市场向货币市场传递,但反向传递能力差;数量信息是资金价格信息传递过程中不可缺少的中介.     

美国货币市场基金相关法律问题研究

我国货币市场基金的发展刚刚起步,探讨我国货币市场基金的发展具有重要的意义,通过对美国货币市场基金相关法律问题进行研究,希望对我国货币市场基金的发展产生一定的作用。     

融资市场化

文章从直接融资与间接融资之争出发,通过介绍两种融资方式的传统概念内涵,以及当今理论与实践两个方面的金融创新现状,说明了直接融资与间接融资已非界线分明,而是相互竞争、相互交融的关系。最后,作者提出了融资市场化的观点。     

货币供给量对资本市场收益的影响——基于中国股票市场的分析

当一个经济体中存在股票市场时,货币政策的传导机制显得非常复杂。本文就货币供给量对股票市场收益的影响进行了经验研究,得出狭义货币供应量（M1）和广义货币供应量（M2）均对市场有正向影响的结论;同时发现,市场对现有影响因素的反应有过度的倾向,但长期内会恢复均衡。因此,在制定货币政策时,需要考虑货币供应量对证券市场特别是股票市场的影响。     

公共物品和私人物品定义的深层思考

从“提供者”或“享用者”的角度定义公共物品和私人物品容易引起混淆 ,这是逻辑、方法论、属性的主观性和客观性等方面的问题造成的。从物品的自然属性角度来定义则不存在这方面的问题。因此 ,物品可以分为“客观公共物品”和“客观私人物品”、“主观公共物品”和“主观私人物品”。     

中国股票市场对货币需求的影响

股票市场的快速发展使其正在成为影响我国货币需求和货币政策的重要因素,鉴于此,本文研究了我国股票市场发展对货币需求的影响,发现股市上涨在短期内会增加M1的需求和减少M2的需求,在长期会减少M1和M2两者的需求,股市冲击对M1需求的影响具有持续性,对M2需求的影响不具有持续性.研究建议中国人民银行应适度关注股市波动对货币需求与货币政策的冲击,尤其应预防经济陷入股市泡沫与高通货膨胀的恶性循环.     

加入WTO后我国货币市场发展研究※--从汇率制度、资本流动与货币政策角度的思考

我国货币市场的发展程度很低，主要表现为市场规模小，参与较少，同业拆借市场风险较大。这些问题使得货币市场总体上流动性不强、活跃程度不高，交易价格－利率不能全面反映社会货币资金的供求关系，严重制约了金融市场功能的高效率发挥，进而对我国的金融体制改革和金融对开放形成了障碍。中国加入WTO后，更为灵活的汇率制度、规模扩大的资本流动既有利于我国参与世界金融资源的配置，也是对中国货币政策调控能力和金融安全的一个严峻考验。本从汇率制度、资本流动与贷币政策的新视角分析加入WTO后我国货币市场发展的问题。     

Stock Market Fluctuations and Money Demand in Italy, 1913–2003

This paper examines the impact of stock market fluctuations on money demand in Italy from a long‐run perspective. The money demand function estimated by Muscatelli and Spinelli (2000) for a long time span is utilized as a benchmark, adding to the specification information on share prices from the Milan Stock Exchange Reform of 1913 to recent years. For a shorter time period (1938–2003), annual observations on stock market capitalization and turnover velocity are also considered. The empirical findings suggest that stock market fluctuations help to explain temporary movements in liquidity preference, rather than its secular patterns. Overall, a positive association emerges between an index of stock market prices that includes dividends and real money balances; however, the estimated long‐run relationship is unstable. In a dynamic, short‐term specification of money demand, the estimated coefficient of deflated stock prices is positive, and therefore compatible with a wealth effect, in the years 1913–1980, while in the last two decades a substitution effect has prevailed and the correlation between money and share prices has been negative. This is likely to reflect a change in financial structure and the increasing role of opportunity costs defined over a wider range of assets. These results are confirmed by data on stock market capitalization. Moreover, in the recent period, stock market turnover and money growth are positively correlated .     

关于中国发展货币市场基金的思考

货币市场基金是实现货币市场与资本市场协调发展的重要制度安排。随着经济的发展和技术的进步,中国已经内生出对货币市场基金制度的创新需求,但仍存在一些制约其健康运行的制度障碍。通过比较制度分析,中国适宜采用融合发展型的制度变迁模型来推动中国的金融发展。     

Race,Gender, and Familial Status: Discrimination in One US Mortgage Lending Market

This paper, using data from the 1992 Boston Federal Reserve study of mortgage lending, reports preliminary evidence of patterns of gender and familial status discrimination that differ markedly by race in the US. White couples with children experienced familial status discrimination if the female partner was in the labor market, but not if she was at home raising her children. However, African-American or Hispanic couples with children suffered familial status discrimination if she stayed home to raise her children, but much less so, if at all, if she was in the labor market. This pattern of racial differentiation may reflect social norms dating back to slavery that have favored labor force participation for African-American and Hispanic mothers but not white mothers. On the other hand, it was true across racial groups that single women, more than single men, were disadvantaged in the mortgage market by children.     

Money,Trust, and Culture: Elements for an Institutional Approach to Money

The development gap between countries in tropical and temperate zones has been attributed to a variety of factors. Using data from the World Values Survey, we find that social norms about thrift, as opposed to sharing, vary with the length of the winter season. We also show that this cultural dimension “thrift versus sharing” and institutional quality both have an independent effect on contemporary economic outcomes. This suggests that the tropical development gap might be the consequence of deep-rooted effects of pre-industrial agro-climatic conditions on both the quality of institutions and social norms about thrift versus sharing that fostered development in the industrial era.     

中国货币市场发展的分析

近年来 ,中国的货币市场得到了快速发展。货币市场交易品种逐渐增加 ,交易规模持续增长 ,市场成员不断扩大。在货币市场发展的基础上 ,中央银行货币政策的间接调控方式的有效性在不断提高。但中国的货币市场还处于发展的初期 ,可供交易的货币市场工具还比较少 ,市场存在一定程度的分割 ,交易规模偏低。由于存贷款利率仍然受到管制 ,货币市场利率的变化对信贷市场等其他金融市场的影响还相对有限。本文将描述货币市场各子市场的基本框架和发展状况 ,并侧重从中央银行货币管理的角度对货币市场中各子市场的相互关系进行分析与探讨。     

Jack of All Trades or a Master of One? Specialization,Trade, and Money*

We consider a model of decentralized exchange where individuals choose the set of goods they produce. Specialization involves producing a smaller set of goods and doing it more proficiently. In doing so, agents reduce production costs, but also reduce the ease of trading their output. We derive the equilibrium degree of specialization and examine how it is affected by underlying fundamentals. Due to the existence of a hold‐up problem, individuals specialize too little relative to the social optimum. Introducing money leads to more specialization relative to barter and increases welfare.     

Money,nonconvex preferences,and the existence of equilibrium: A note

Nonconvexities play a major role in several theories of money. This note suggests an additional such role. In particular, an economy is presented which fails to have a competitive equilibrium in the absence of fiat money. When fiat money is present, a steady-state competitive, equilibrium does exist and has the feature that money necessarily has value. This is because in any steady state, monetary equilibrium relative prices are bounded in such a way that the discontinuous portions of excess demand functions may become irrelevant.     

Money and totality: A review essay

Moseley’s (2016 Moseley, F. 2016. Money and Totality: A Macro-Monetary Interpretation of Marx’s Logic in Capital and the End of the Transformation Problem. Leiden: Brill Publishers. [Google Scholar]) Money and Totality focuses on two important issues: (a) the nature and significance of Marx’s notion of the “circuit of money capital” and (b) the solution to the “transformation problem”. The former question, in particular, makes this book important not only for Marx specialists but also for other dissenting economists. Recall that in writings before the General Theory Keynes (1933a, 1933b), in particular, made allusion to the Marxian circuit via the concept of the monetary theory of production. However, these references did not survive in the published version in 1936. Nor was Keynes at all confident on this topic in debate the following year. It is therefore important to both Marx scholars and other heterodox economists to inquire exactly how the Marxian circuit was supposed to work. A starting point is to write out the scheme from Capital Vol. 2 (Marx, 1885/1976 Marx, K. 1885/1976. Capital: Vol. II. London: Penguin Books. [Google Scholar]) in full, M – C?…?P … C’ –?M’, and try to explain what the magnitudes (M’ – M) and (C’ – C), are supposed to represent. This is indeed one of Moseley’s main tasks in this thought-provoking book.