A NOTE ON DURABLE GOODS MONOPOLISTS: COMMITMENT TO FORWARD COMPATIBILITY

This note re‐examines the previous results on durable goods monopolists under the time inconsistency problem that the firm tends to make its goods less compatible as a “planned obsolescence” strategy in the presence of network effects. We find that the possibility of the commitment to forward compatibility is profitable to the monopolist, depending upon the degree of technological progress and network effects. Therefore, contractual commitments that are frequently feasible and observed in real‐world markets make the society better off.     

区域耕地总量动态平衡模型研究

城市化进程的加大和人口数量的迅速增加,使耕地数量减少、质量下降,人地关系日益尖锐。本文在耕地总量动态平衡系统分析的基础上,运用系统动力学方法,以温州市为例,建立了耕地总量动态平衡模型,用模型模拟了该地区耕地总量动态平衡的目标,对缓解耕地人口压力、保护耕地、实现区域土地资源可持续利用进行了探索研究。并且分析了该地区实现耕地总量动态平衡的可行性,提出了相应措施。     

区域耕地总量动态平衡模型研究--以温州市为例

城市化进程的加速和人口数量的剧增,使耕地数量减少、质量下降,人地关系日益尖锐。本文在耕地总量动态平衡系统分析的基础上,运用系统动力学方法,以温州市为例,建立了耕总量动态平衡模型,用模型模拟了该地区耕地总量动态平衡的目标,对缓解耕地人口压力、保护耕地和实现区域土地可持续利用进行了探讨,并分析了该地区实现耕地总量动态平衡的可行性,提出了相应措施。     

WAGE DIFFERENTIALS, DISCRIMINATION AND INEQUALITY: A CAUTIONARY NOTE ON THE JUHN, MURPHY AND PIERCE DECOMPOSITION METHOD

This paper shows how difficult it is to study the roles of discrimination and unobserved skills when studying changes in racial and gender wage gaps over time by examining merits and shortcomings of a popular decomposition method by Juhn, Murphy and Pierce (JMP). The JMP method shows that wage dispersion can offer a compelling explanation of the wage gap. However, JMP have to rely on a few strong assumptions in order to derive their decomposition equation, which introduces wage inequality as the price of unobserved skills (the standard deviation of the residuals) into their decomposition equation.     

村域“居住场势”非均衡态势下的山区农户移民搬迁研究——基于河南省巩义市温堂村69户搬迁农户的实证分析

结合山区脱贫和新农村建设实际,推进山地贫困区农户移民搬迁,鼓励其迁移到条件较好、有发展空间的区位成为当前居民点调整的一种主要趋势。基于对河南省巩义市温堂村69户搬迁农户的调查,对农户居住迁移的空间特征、搬迁前后居住空间效用变化等进行分析研究表明:不同村庄"居住场势"的非均衡性是推动农户实施移民搬迁的基本背景。随着农户由低"居住场势"村庄向高"居住场势"村庄移动,农户在迁入村庄获取了更多的居住空间效用。一方面,农户的出行及购物便利性明显提高,其与外界空间联系程度逐步扩大,总体经济收入水平明显提高。另一方面,农户居住质量明显提高,居住生态环境也明显改善。     

上海市松金青地区实现耕地动态平衡的可行性初探

本文对上海市松金青地区在发展中实现耕地总量动态平衡的可能性及可行性,实现的途径和对策进行了较为深入的探讨.     

A NOTE ON NEGATIVE ELECTORAL ADVERTISING: DENIGRATING CHARACTER VS. PORTRAYING EXTREMISM

In this expository note, we extend the model of Harrington and Hess (1996) by incorporating valence advertising. There is a two‐candidate electoral contest. Candidates inherit a certain position indicating their ideological platform in an unidimensional policy space. They also inherit a certain valence index which is a comprehensive term for personal traits that are desirable to all voters such as integrity. The candidates can subsequently influence these using negative advertising with regard to both ideological and valence factors. We find that when the available resources are sufficiently small and certain reasonable assumptions are fulfilled, the candidate with the higher initial valence index will run a relatively personal campaign while the candidate with the lower initial valence index will run an ideological campaign.     

香港引入核电及天然气发电的前因后果

香港无能源生产,所耗用之能源皆需进口;由于香港基本上为一个大都市,因而电力在能源经济中扮演举足轻重的角色,战后香港每年耗能的一半以上用于发电,近年电力的销售金额为各项能源之冠,１９９６年占总销售量的５７％,１９９４年香港开始引入广东大亚湾的核电,１９９６年由海南省的崖城天然气田输入天然气作发电之用,本文主要剖析引入电及天然气的前因后果。     

科技创新能力与区域经济实力差异的实证研究

从新经济增长理论的视角将经济增长、科技创新整合为一个理论分析框架进行实证研究，结果表明：区域经济非均衡增长在很大程度上依赖于科技进步、科技知识生产、交换和运用(消费)情况。凡是科技创新能力较强的省区，大多都是经济实力较强的省区，多是东部省区；而科技创新能力较弱的省区，同时也是经济实力比较弱的省区，多属于西部省区。因此，实施西部大开发战略，其中一个重要方面就是实施西部科技创新战略，提高西部科技创新能力。     

A NOTE ON PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION IN A LINEAR CITY AND WAGE BARGAINING

Economides (Economics Letters, 1986, 21, pp. 67–71) has shown that within a linear city an equilibrium exists in a two‐stage location–price game when the curvature of the transportation cost function is sufficiently high. One important point is that not all of these equilibria are at maximal differentiation. In this paper, we include an additional stage with decentralized wage bargaining. This intensifies price competition resulting in locations that are nearer to the extremes of the city. The magnitude of this effect depends on the bargaining power of the unions. Contrary to the model with exogenously given costs, if unions are sufficient strong all price equilibria in pure strategies are at maximal differentiation. With a low parameter for the curvature of the transportation cost function unions can improve the location decision from a social viewpoint.     

SALES MAXIMIZATION AND PROFIT MAXIMIZATION: A NOTE ON THE DECISION OF A SALES MAXIMIZER TO THE INCREASE OF PER UNIT COST

Abstract.  In this paper, the authors compare the behaviours of a sales revenue maximizer with that of a profit maximizer in their response to an increase of the per unit production cost or a per unit tax being imposed. A common mistake in currently used textbooks is pointed out, and a new proposition is proposed for replacing a false statement there.     

A NOTE ON “A ONE‐SECTOR NEOCLASSICAL GROWTH MODEL WITH ENDOGENOUS RETIREMENT”: EXISTENCE OF MULTIPLE STEADY STATES*

This note extends Matsuyama's 0–1 endogenous retirement choice model to the framework with continuous endogenous retirement choice to study the consumption‐saving decision and capital accumulation in an overlapping generation model. The conditions for the existence of multiple steady states have been derived. In contrast to the 0 or 1 labour choice, the partial retirement may be a stable steady state under the continuous endogenous retirement choice in the second period. And this implies that partial retirement may be a stable optimal choice. Also, we find that the retirement choice depends on the initial capital stock when there are multiple steady states.     

国外宜居城市研究的理论与方法

回顾了宜居城市这一概念的形成过程及其不同的定义,简述和评价了城市宜居性的相关研究,并讨论了国外在建设宜居城市的过程中遇到的问题.国外关于宜居城市的理沦与实践的研究对我国的城市发展与建设具有借鉴意义,但是这些研究也存在着不足之处,因此应当把国外学者的相关研究与国内城市的具体情况相结合.以指导我国宜居城市的建设.     

湖南工业结构及其工业化水平研究

湖南工业在全省产业结构中始终处于主导地位。工业结构的合理程度必然对湖南整个国民民经济产生重要的影响,而工业化水平是衡量一个国家或地区经济发展及其所处阶段的重要指标。本文运用国内外相关理论,从各个角度对湖南的工业结构和工业化水平进行比较全面的分析。     

重庆主城区产业布局特征及调整研究

努力把重庆建设成为长江上游经济中心,在中国西部大开发战略中发挥辐射带动作用,其主城区产业布局的合理性至关重要。通过分析重庆主城区产业布局特征,提出了布局调整构想,并对调整对策作出探讨。     

湖南发展高校科技产业的定位与对策研究

本文在分析湖南省高校科技企业发展现状和高校科技企业实施产业化可行性的基础上,阐述如何有效利用湖南高校的优势学科来发展高校科技产业,加强对传统产业进行合理改造,带动湖南各产业部门的发展,以形成新的经济增长点,并指出了湖南发展高校科技产业的模式和对策。     

试论经济区划的现实意义及其发展

通过分析经济区划工作在以往的局限性,针对我国今天的经济发展形势,认为经济区划是政府必须坚持的工作,而且对于解决当前国民经济发展的障碍,经济区划有其特别的重要性。文章提出了认识经济区划工作的新观点和大致的工作思路。     

PUBLIC GOODS AND THE DISSOLUTION OF STATES

We present a simple model of the dissolution of states. We combine elements of the literature on the break‐up and integration of states based on models in the fiscal federalism tradition, with elements of the literature that explains the determination of a state's political institutions as a means to credibly promise redistributions in the face of costly, perhaps violent, redistributive conflict. We are able to characterize when the equilibrium involves the dissolution of a country, and when it involves continued unity. We are also able to explore some aspects of the linkages between political institutions and the determination of national boundaries.