公司股东表决权信托制度初探

19世纪末,随着股份公司所有权与经营权分离的程度不断提高,不少股东特别是中小股东为有效地行使股东表决权,将自己的股票交给其认可的表决权受托人,由他代理行使表决权,股东向董事会领取表决权信托证书,作为领取股息和享受其他经济权益的凭证,表决权信托制度由此产生,并在20世纪得到了较大的发展.该制度对于完善股东表决机制、维护股东特别是中小股东利益具有重要意义.我国<公司法>对表决权信托制度未做规定,应通法立法形式尽快确立表决权信托制度.本文拟就股东表决权信托制度的有关内容进行初步探讨.     

表决权信托制度

起源于美国的表决权信托制度对于保护小股东利益,平衡现代公司所有权与管理权有着独特的作用。随着表决权信托制度的逐步完善,世界上许多国家相继接受了这种制度。本文从表决权信托制度的起源入手,简要介绍了此制度的原理,着重探讨了其在我国公司治理中可能发挥的重要作用。     

认真贯彻国务院《意见》精神加快完善我国住房保障制度

上世纪九十年代住房制度改革以后,我国大多数城镇居民主要是通过购买商品住房的途径来解决和改善其居住问题。近几年来,随着我国城镇商品住房价格普遍、持续地大幅攀升,广大低收入与中低收入家庭难以通过住房市场来解决和改善其居住问题,住     

2006年城镇廉租住房制度建设情况

2006年，根据《中共中央关于构建社会主义和谐社会若干重大问题的决定》关于“拓宽资金筹措渠道，加快廉租住房建设”的规定，以及《国务院办公厅转发建设部等部门关于做好稳定住房价格工作意见的通知》（国办发[2005]26号）、《国务院办公厅转发建设部等部门关于调整住房供应结构稳定住房价格意见的通知》（国办发[2006]37号）的有关要求，各级地方政府重视解决低收入家庭的住房困难，积极推进廉租住房制度建设，[第一段]     

我国水权制度完善的法律思考

我国水权制度的特点是政府代表国家行使对水资源的所有权.其他自然人和法人行使对水资源的利用权,本文强调遵循法系的传统观念,即将水资源视为土地的孳息对土地的所有权中含有对地上及地下水资源的所有权;对土地享有利用权者也有权取得对水资源的利用权。因此,我国的水权包括水资源所有权、使用权和地役权.在水资源的利用中.主要表现为水资源使用权人之间的相邻权关系和地役权关系。     

我国水权制度完善的法律思考

我国水权制度的特点是政府代表国家行使对水资源的所有权.其他自然人和法人行使对水资源的利用权,本文强调遵循法系的传统观念,即将水资源视为土地的孳息对土地的所有权中含有对地上及地下水资源的所有权;对土地享有利用权者也有权取得对水资源的利用权。因此,我国的水权包括水资源所有权、使用权和地役权.在水资源的利用中.主要表现为水资源使用权人之间的相邻权关系和地役权关系。     

乡村振兴背景下土地经营权信托流转的困境与出路

土地经营权信托流转作为一种新兴流转方式,可在激活农村土地要素和提高农民经济利益等方面发挥重要作用,为实现农业农村现代化创造良好条件。当前,我国许多地方开展了土地经营权信托试点工作并取得了一定成果,但仍然存在土地经营权信托法律关系主体资格不明确、登记制度不完备、监管制度不完备等法律问题。对此,应通过明晰土地经营权信托法律关系主体资格、完善土地经营权信托登记制度和土地经营权信托监管制度等途径进行优化。     

美国共享权益住房制度与启示

正20世纪90年代后期至21世纪初期,美国房价经历了一次长时间的上升,政策制定者和实施者逐渐开始关注社区土地信托、限制合同住房、有限权益住房以及分享增值收益贷款等新形式来帮助中低收入家庭获取住房。政府将公共补贴的投入与转售限制或增值收益分配结合在一起,既保证居民对住房的长期可负担性,也保持了公共补贴的价值。这些方式虽然在房屋的增值收益分配上有一定的限制,但提高了购房者的可承受能力,也为购房者提供了     

浅谈建筑物区分所有权制度

建筑物区分所有权制度是近现代各国物权法上的一项非常重要的制度。特别是在城市化所导致的土地资源紧张、住宅缺乏这一背景下,更凸显了人们对赖以居住和生活的建筑物权利的关注。正是基于建筑物区分所有权制度的这一现状和研究意义,笔者对建筑物区分所有权制度进行分析,力求形成建筑物区分所有权制度理论的统一和完善。     

土地家庭承包制度绩效研究

一、土地家庭承包经营制度绩效的研究阶段和主要观点 土地家庭承包制度是一项经济制度的创新,一种制度的创新和运行对社会经济发展产生的作用是巨大的,国内外学者对制度创新理论研究成果已很多.     

Moving up the Ladder or Stuck on the Bottom Rung? Homeownership as a Solution to Poverty in Urban South Africa

In the global South, policies providing property titles to low-income households are increasingly implemented as a solution to poverty. Integrating poor households into the capitalist economy using state-subsidized homeownership is intended to provide poor people with an asset that can be used in a productive manner. In this article the South African "housing subsidy system" is assessed using quantitative and qualitative data from in-depth research in a state-subsidized housing settlement in the city of Cape Town. The findings show that while state-subsidized property ownership provides long-term shelter and tenure security to low-income households, houses have mixed value as a financial asset. Although state-subsidized houses in South Africa are a financially tradable asset, transaction values are too low for low-income vendors to reach the next rung on the housing ladder, the township market. Furthermore, low-income homeowners are reticent to use their (typically primary) asset as collateral security for credit, and thus property ownership is not providing the financial returns that titling theories assume.     

新时期完善我国房地产市场体系研究

由于我国住房供给制度不够完善,致使住房供给和需求不匹配。高收入者能够购买多套住房,而低收入者却买不起房,只能借助于住房保障体系解决居住问题。由于国内外多种因素的影响,市场商品房价格不断提高。政府若能积极完善好住房保障体系,便能解决社会中大多数低收入者的住房问题,逐步下降商品住房房价。本文认为,我国房地产市场的主要问题是供给和需求体系的不匹配,社会低收入者住房保障不够完善。故此总结了新时期我国房地产市场发展的新问题,并深入分析了房地产市场体系中的缺陷,提出了完善房地产市场体系的措施和方法。     

城市新就业职工住房保障问题实证研究——基于合肥市新就业职工的调查

调查表明,50%多的新就业职工住房困难。由于收入较低,新就业职工住房支付能力严重不足,30%多的新就业职工家庭缺乏租房支付能力;超过70%的新就业职工家庭缺乏购房支付能力。所以,要尽快将新就业职工纳入住房保障范围。首先,提高新就业职工收入水平,遏制住房价格过快上涨;其次,多渠道筹集住房保障资金;第三,积极创新相关配套政策,完善公共租赁住房准入和退出机制;第四,适时推出限价商品住房,利用优惠信贷政策,提高新就业职工住房支付能力。     

Supply constraints and housing market dynamics

Although the volatility of house prices is often ascribed to demand-side factors, constraints on housing supply have important and little-studied implications for housing dynamics. I illustrate the strong relationship between the volatility of house prices and the regulation of new housing supply. I then employ a dynamic structural model of housing investment to investigate the mechanisms underlying this relationship. I find that supply constraints increase volatility through two channels: First, regulation lowers the elasticity of new housing supply by increasing lags in the permit process and adding to the cost of supplying new houses on the margin. Second, geographic limitations on the area available for building houses, such as steep slopes and water bodies, lead to less investment on average relative to the size of the existing housing stock, leaving less scope for the supply response to attenuate the effects of a demand shock. My estimates and simulations confirm that regulation and geographic constraints play critical and complementary roles in decreasing the responsiveness of investment to demand shocks, which in turn amplifies house price volatility.     

国有土地使用权出让中“地王”现象分析

“地王”的产生既有土地供应、需求等基本层面的因素,也有分税制、招拍挂、土地国有等制度层面的因素,同时又受到国际国内经济运行大环境的影响.“地王”不仅会直接推高房价,还会提高房价上涨预期,形成地价房价相互抬高的恶性循环.“地王”增加了经济运行风险,不利于国民经济长期可持续发展.为抑制“地王”产生,要坚决遏制投资投机性住房...     

基于WebGIS的基准房价信息发布系统设计

基准房价是指以宗地为单位、同种用地类型的房地产单位面积的市场特征价格，构建基准房价的目的在于全面、及时、定量、准确地披露房地产价格体系。基准房价的研究可以为政府制定政策性住房售价、租金标准、征地拆迁补偿标准、房地产税费征收等提供参考依据，同时也可以为普通民众的房地产消费提供价格指导。鉴于基准房价研究的重要意义，在总结国内外基准房价概念、内涵、特点及其信息发布相关理论和技术现状的基础上，设计实现了一个基于WebGIS技术基准房价信息发布系统，经过试运行，用户可以通过该系统快速准确地查询研究区域内的基准房价及其相对应的空间信息。     

浙江省公共租赁房制度建设的若干问题

本文从完善浙江省公共租赁房制度视角出发,分析了公共租赁房双重特性,从新就业大学生、外来务工人员和城市中低收入者三个群体测算了浙江省公共租赁房的需求规模,进而提出以区县作为主体的管理模式,并分析了房源筹集方式与退出机制。     

Measuring the effects of mixed land uses on housing values

Mixing land uses has become one of the key planning principles of the Smart Growth movement and other land use planning strategies. This article analyzes the impact on the prices of single family houses when mixed land uses are included in neighborhoods. We first develop several quantitative measures of mixed land uses through the use of Geographic Information System (GIS) data and compute these measures for various neighborhoods in Washington County, OR. We then incorporate those measures in a hedonic price analysis. We conclude from this research that housing prices increase with their proximity to—or with increasing amount of—public parks or neighborhood commercial land uses. We also find, however, that housing prices are higher in neighborhoods dominated by single-family residential land use, where non-residential land uses were evenly distributed, and where more service jobs are available. Finally, we find that housing prices tended to fall with proximity to multi-family residential units.     

浙江省公共租赁房制度建设的若干问题

本文从完善浙江省公共租赁房制度视角出发,分析了公共租赁房双重特性,从新就业大学生、外来务工人员和城市中低收入者三个群体测算了浙江省公共租赁房的需求规模,进而提出以区县作为主体的管理模式,并分析了房源筹集方式与退出机制。     

Housing market dynamics: Evidence of mean reversion and downward rigidity

House prices often exhibit serial correlation and mean reversion. Using two large panel datasets, this paper analyzes the price dynamics in two significantly different types of markets, cyclical (or volatile) and non-cyclical (or tame), by applying an autoregressive mean reversion (ARMR) model. Our results show that cyclical markets have larger AR coefficients than non-cyclical markets. As a result, house prices in cyclical markets tend to have larger price cycles. We also find that the upward periods have larger AR coefficients than the downward periods. This demonstrates that house prices are likely to overshoot the equilibrium in appreciating markets while experiencing downward rigidity during periods of decline. The model developed in this paper can produce a forecast with rich house price dynamics across markets. Our results can also be used to determine how house prices in overvalued markets will ultimately adjust.