上市公司年报审计质量与证券分析师盈余预测的实证分析

上市公司年报是资本市场投资者的重要公开信息来源。证券分析师通过分析公共信息及私有信息,向市场提供价值。而过去的文献没有涉及证券分析师的盈余预测行为与年报审计质量的关系。本文采用2002年至2008年A股上市公司作为研究样本,研究了年报审计质量对证券分析师盈余预测行为的影响,研究结果表明,审计质量的高低对证券分析师盈余预测行为有显著的影响,具体表现在高的审计质量增加了分析师的预测跟进人数,提高了分析师预测准确度,降低了分析师预测分歧度。     

证券分析师利益冲突行为的“前因”与“后果”——来自上证A股的经验证据

本文选用我国上证A股的证券分析师投资评级和股票收益率相关数据(2010.04.30-2011.04.30),对我国证券分析师利益冲突行为的影响因素以及证券分析师投资评级的绩效进行实证研究。结果表明:承销商分析师相对于非承销商分析师的投资建议更为乐观,且券商的承销和经纪业务对证券分析师利益冲突行为有显著性影响;券商声誉和分析师上年声誉对证券分析师的股票投资评级存在明显的抑制效应;积极性的投资评级和分析师本年的声誉与分析师所荐股票的短期超额收益率呈正相关关系。     

证券分析师利益冲突行为的“前因”与“后果”——来自上证A股的经验证据北大核心CSSCISSCI

本文选用我国上证A股的证券分析师投资评级和股票收益率相关数据(2010.04.30-2011.04.30),对我国证券分析师利益冲突行为的影响因素以及证券分析师投资评级的绩效进行实证研究。结果表明:承销商分析师相对于非承销商分析师的投资建议更为乐观,且券商的承销和经纪业务对证券分析师利益冲突行为有显著性影响;券商声誉和分析师上年声誉对证券分析师的股票投资评级存在明显的抑制效应;积极性的投资评级和分析师本年的声誉与分析师所荐股票的短期超额收益率呈正相关关系。     

个人、机构投资者情绪与证券分析师的乐观偏差——来自中国A股市场的证据

证券分析师的盈利预测存在着显著的乐观偏差,且这种乐观偏差会因投资者情绪的变化而忽高忽低。基于开户数量构建个人、机构投资者情绪指标,实证研究投资者情绪对证券分析师乐观偏差的影响。研究发现,个人、机构投资者情绪越乐观,证券分析师的乐观偏差越大;机构投资者情绪的波动比个人投资者更为剧烈,且对证券分析师的影响也大于个人投资者;在考虑了公司的截面特征后,结论依然稳健。研究有助于进一步理解新兴市场中证券分析师的盈利预测行为,并为投资者使用证券分析师的研究报告提供决策参考。     

家族企业高管变更及其影响实证分析

文章首先分析了我国家族企业高管变更的现状以及引发家族企业高管变更的原因,基于我国家族企业董事长变更和总经理变更样本,实证检验了高管变更对家族企业带来的影响,实证结果表明在家族企业中总经理职位变更对家族企业的绩效和规模扩张的影响比董事长职位变更敏感性更强;最后,文章对我国家族企业高管变更和任用提出合理的建议。     

分析师的现金流预测有用吗——基于信息供给的视角

文章考察了证券分析师现金流预测行为对盈余预测质量的影响。研究发现,相对于没有现金流预测的公司,有预测的公司其盈余预测质量更高;现金流预测的次数越多,盈余预测质量越高;以上关系在盈余波动大、经营活动现金流波动大的公司更加明显。这说明我国分析师提供现金流预测信息的确有用,能够帮助分析师改善其盈余预测质量。文章的发现具有重要的实践价值,能够帮助投资者了解分析师现金流预测对盈余预测的影响,从而更有效地利用证券分析师报告进行决策。     

分析师预测、投资机会与投资强度

以2008-2016 年沪深A 股上市公司为样本,实证检验了分析师盈余预测质量对企业投资 强度的影响,并考察了投资机会在盈余预测质量与投资强度之间的作用机制。结果表明,分析师 盈余预测质量（预测准确度和预测一致性）有助于提升企业投资强度,投资机会在盈余预测质量 影响投资强度的过程中存在部分中介效应;分析师预测对企业投资强度的影响在不同信息环境与 代理问题下存在显著差异,对于信息不对称程度高、代理成本高的企业,分析师盈余预测质量对 投资强度的影响更大;进一步研究表明,分析师盈余预测质量内部存在相互强化关系,预测一致 性能够加强预测准确度对投资强度的影响,分析师意见越一致,准确的分析师预测意见越易被企 业或投资者采纳。     

国内外对证券分析师可信度与胜任能力研究述评

国内外学术界在证券分析师研究领域已经做出了大量贡献,学者们利用证券分析师的预测以及股票评级的数据,对证券分析师的盈利预测与股票推荐、市场反应、分析师的经济动机等多个问题进行实证分析。但是,对于证券分析师的预测是否可靠以及投资者是否通过分析师研究报告获利,一直都是争议的热点。该文将从证券分析师可信度与胜任能力两个新视角,对国内外相关文献进行系统梳理,并进一步展望未来的研究方向。     

宏观经济政策、会计信息可比性与分析师预测

基于2008-2020年中国A股上市公司数据,分析了会计信息可比性在宏观经济政策紧缩时期对分析师预测行为的影响。研究结果表明：上市公司的会计信息越可比,跟踪该公司的分析师数量越多,分析师对该公司的盈余预测偏差越小,分歧度越低;宏观经济政策紧缩时期,上市公司的会计信息越可比,跟踪该公司的分析师数量越多,分析师对该公司的盈余预测偏差越小,分歧度越低。结论在使用替换变量的稳健性检验后依然成立。丰富了会计信息可比性的经济后果与分析师预测行为影响因素的研究,同时为改善企业信息环境提供了一定的建议。     

基于空间视角下的高管团队稳定性与企业技术创新

基于企业技术创新存在空间效应,使用传统的多元线性回归模型进行实证研究可能会存在有偏估计,本文以我国2004-2016 年沪深两市A 股上市公司为研究样本,通过构建绝对地理距离和相对时间距离的空间权重矩阵,运用空间计量分析技术,实证考察了高管团队稳定性与空间关联对企业技术创新绩效的影响。研究发现,一方面,高管团队稳定性越强的企业在技术创新绩效方面越好。另一方面,高管团队稳定性与技术创新绩效存在区域内的空间溢出效应,同一地区的高管团队稳定性对本地区的技术创新绩效有显著的提升作用,本地区的高管团队稳定性受到相邻地区高管团队稳定性的影响,而高铁的开通使得该空间效应更为显著,即使绝对距离较远的地区也能对本地区高管团队稳定性产生空间作用。本文的研究结果对全面认识高管团队稳定性的重要性,促进地方企业技术创新具有重要的政策含义。     

“近水楼台先得月”吗？——来自分析师调研的经验证据

分析师实地调研对其盈余预测会产生很大影响，那么，在调研中，分析师接触到更高管理层，对其盈余预测的影响是正向还是负向呢？我们以2015-2018年深交所被分析师调研的上市公司为例，研究发现，分析师实地调研受到管理层重视的程度越高，分析师盈余预测准确度越低，同时预测乐观度越高。进一步的研究表明，公司的盈余波动程度以及调研获取的私有信息的时效性也会影响管理层重视对分析师预测的作用效果。研究结果说明对于分析师实地调研来说，“近水楼台”反而影响了其“先得月”。文章的研究深化了分析师行为的相关文献，给资本市场的监管制度提供了一些政策建议。     

股票价格波动的信息渠道影响研究——基于媒体报道和分析师预测的视角

文章手工收集、整理了2006-2015年中国A股上市公司的媒体报道倾向数据,实证研究了媒体报道正向倾向与分析师乐观预测偏差对上市公司负收益偏态系数的影响。研究表明,虽然媒体报道正向倾向、分析师乐观预测均分别对上市公司股价负收益偏态系数产生显著的负向影响,但是两者的交互项对股价负收益偏态系数的影响则是显著为正,即当媒体报道正面倾向与分析师乐观预测两者共同作用时,将会触发"信息过度关注偏差"机制,从而降低了上市公司股票收益。文章研究还发现,媒体报道、分析师预测和"信息过度关注偏差"机制的作用强度,在市场化程度高地区要明显大于市场化程度低地区,可能的原因是市场化程度高地区的企业更加容易被媒体报道和分析师关注,进而产生更强的关注效应。     

Remedial Education with Incentivized Peer‐Tutoring: Evidence from Migrant Children Schools in China

This paper evaluates the impact of a remedial education program performed in two Chinese migrant children schools. The program used a conditional cash transfer contract to encourage peer tutors to help their underperforming classmates. Incentivized peer‐tutoring significantly improved the academic performance of the underperforming tutees over a semester. The impact persisted in the second semester when the intervention was removed. Our results suggest that nongovernment organizations and government agencies can increase their capacity of remedying education by incorporating incentivized peer‐tutoring into their existing merit‐based scholarship and conditional cash transfer programs.     

CEO Power and Relative Performance Evaluation

We model relative performance evaluation (RPE) when a Chief Executive Officer (CEO) has the power to opportunistically influence the design of RPE by choosing the weight on an index‐based peer group or by customizing the selection of peers comprising a peer group. A powerful CEO compares the benefits of reducing common risk affecting his compensation with the benefits of receiving a higher bonus by economizing on expected peer‐group performance. As a consequence, the Board of Directors (BoD) is less likely to use RPE. Our analytical model yields hypotheses predicting that powerful CEOs choose to reduce common risk only partially and that BoDs choose to not implement RPE if expected peer performance is sufficiently high. Our model has further empirical implications in (i) providing new interpretations of tests for detecting strong‐form and weak‐form RPE in the presence of powerful CEOs, and (ii) suggesting a new empirical measure of CEO power with a focus on the delegation of RPE decision rights.     

Recognizing the Best: The Productive and Counterproductive Effects of Relative Performance Recognition

I use a laboratory experiment to examine the productive and counterproductive effects of providing employees nonpecuniary recognition based on measures of relative performance. I find that, on average, recognition programs increase both productive efforts (those intended to increase one's own performance) and counterproductive efforts (those intended to decrease peer performance) in a setting where it is salient to employees that they can exert both productive and counterproductive efforts. Interestingly, I also find that these effects are moderated by the Dark Triad of personalities, a group of three personality traits. My study reveals that recognition programs mainly lead individuals who score lower on the Dark Triad to increase counterproductive efforts and those who score higher on the Dark Triad to increase productive efforts. These results contribute to the literature on relative performance information by demonstrating that recognition programs can have both productive and counterproductive effects. However, whether these programs produce mainly a productive or counterproductive effect depends on important personality characteristics of the employees.     

Expectational data and Japanese stock prices

This paper examines the impact of a change in analysts' forecasts of earnings and sales per share on the subsequent price performance of a large sample of Japanese stocks. Changes in earnings and sales estimates affect price and the impact is incorporated slowly over time. This lag can be utilized to construct a portfolio of securities which while acting like an index fund earns an excess (extra) return.     

Common Institutional Ownership and Earnings Management*

This study examines the relation between earnings management and block ownership of same‐industry peer firms by a common set of institutional investors (common institutional ownership). This relation is important given the tremendous growth of common institutional ownership and the significant influence of blockholders on financial reporting. We hypothesize that common institutional ownership mitigates earnings management by enhancing institutions' monitoring efficiency and by encouraging institutions to internalize the negative externality of a firm's earnings management on peer firms' investments. Consistent with our hypothesis, we find that higher common institutional ownership is related to less earnings management. Analyses of a quasi‐natural experiment based on financial institution mergers show that this negative relation is unlikely to be driven by the endogeneity of common institutional ownership. Cross‐sectional tests provide evidence that the negative relation is stronger among firms for which common institutional ownership is likely to generate a greater reduction in institutions' information acquisition and processing costs, and among firms whose severe financial misstatements are more likely to distort co‐owned peer firms' investments, supporting both mechanisms underlying our hypothesis. Our findings inform the ongoing debate on the costs and benefits of common institutional ownership by highlighting an important benefit: the enhanced monitoring of financial reporting.     

Head teachers,peer effects,and student achievement

Teachers can influence student achievement, not only directly, but also indirectly via peer effects. Based on a unique data set from a Chinese middle school (grades 7–9), this paper uses a student fixed-effects model to estimate peer effects for four core subjects (Chinese, Math, English, and Science) at the level of the class cohorts studying each subject. We find negative peer effects that are significant from both an economic and a statistical perspective. However, in the subjects taught by head teachers, who have more tools to manage students than do regular teachers, such negative peer effects disappear. Further investigation suggests that head teachers generate positive peer effects that override the negative ones.