不同类型农户耕地流转特征及影响因素分析——以重庆市涪陵区青羊镇为例

文章基于重庆市涪陵区青羊镇265户农户调查数据,将农户划分为纯农户、一兼户、二兼户和非农户,对不同类型农户耕地流转的特点进行解析,构建包括农户家庭状况、收入来源、资源禀赋和区位影响在内的Logistic模型,分析不同类型农户耕地流转的影响因素。文章指出,青羊镇农户兼业行为普遍,从纯农户到非农户,家庭劳动力向二三产业转移的比重逐步增大;不同类型农户在耕地流转的规模、模式和耕地流转前后用途变化方面都有所差异;纯农户基于生存保障的角度,不积极将耕地转出,一兼户意识到耕地的潜在价值,流转决策因子以生存和经济因子为主,二兼户和非农户基于耕地资产收益的角度,流转决策因子以经济和区位因子为主导。文章认为,根据不同类型农户耕地流转特点及影响因素制定相应政策措施来引导其耕地流转,是整合耕地资源,提高耕地利用效率的有效途径。     

河南省农户土地流转行为及其影响因素分析

实现土地有效流转是促进土地资源合理流动、提高土地生产力的重要环节。文章以河南省三市263户农户家庭调查问卷为基础,分别从户主的个人特征、农户的家庭特征、农户家庭拥有的土地特征和土地流转的交易成本等四个方面对农户土地流转行为的影响因素利用Logistic模型进行实证研究。结果表明:户主的年龄、家庭的非农收入比重、对当地土地流转方面信息的了解程度等因素对农户的土地流转行为有显著的影响。文章据此提出针对性建议。     

社会资本、农地流转与农户消费扩张

中国农户消费转型升级引发各方关注,但鲜有从社会资本的视角探讨农地流转对农户消费的影响及其微观作用机理。文章在理论层面分析了农地流转通过影响农户生计资本变动和生计策略调整对农户消费的传导机制,并基于中国家庭追踪调查（CFPS）三期面板数据,定量评估了农地流转对农户消费影响的社会资本效应。结果表明：（1）我国农户消费基尼系数总体呈缩窄趋势,但农地转出农户相比农地转入农户具有更高的人均消费支出及消费不均等程度;（2）农地流转能够影响农户关键自然资本改变和生计策略调整,从而显著提高农户消费水平,且参与农地流转农户相比未参与农地流转农户具有更高的消费动机;（3）社会资本在农户农地转入和转出过程中对农户消费存在微观中介效应,即社会资本越高的农户参与农地流转的概率越大,且能够通过提高农地转出户非农就业机会和扩大其多元化收入来源,间接提升农户消费水平。在精准扶贫和乡村振兴战略协同背景下,应积极有序推进农地适度规模经营,促进农地转出户非农就业,并强化农户社会资本建设,提高农户多元化收入,从而全面助推农村消费转型升级。     

农村土地经营权流转与农业规模经营的发展——以江苏省盐城东台市为例

随着我国农业经济的发展,越来越多的农户对土地的要求有所改变.农户之间自发地进行土地的转出与转入,因而加快土地经营权流转与农业规模经营是农村经济发展的突破口.文章对东台市土地流转的情况进行了调研,借鉴其成功的经验,以及对当地出现的土地流转的问题给予适当的对策与建议.     

农村土地流转意愿影响因素分析

土地流转是实现我国农业规模化经营的有效途径也是当前我国农业转型的关键。文章基于对盐城大丰市的实地调研,针对农户的土地流转意愿进行分析,并利用Logistic回归模型分析其影响因素,研究发现影响农户转出土地主要因素是家庭成员的外出打工比例,影响农户流入土地的主要因素是家庭中务农劳动力数量以及农业收入占家庭总收入的比重,相应地提出促进土地流转的有关建议,以期在一定程度上为土地流转提供参考意见。     

宗族属性、土地调整与流转牵扯:粤省三市观察

村庄中弱势群体的权利容易被侵害,而合理的土地调整有利于保护弱势群体的利益。基于广东三市调查数据的实证研究显示,在没有土地调整的情况下,村庄中的初始制度安排倾向于使小姓农户的土地转出更多而转入更少。不过,土地调整意味着利益的不断重新调整,起到了保护小姓农户权利的作用。如果所在村庄有土地调整,则大姓农户转出土地的比例增多,使小姓农户转出土地的比例和大姓农户趋于一致,且因为对未来的预期更稳定,小姓农户开始转入更多的土地。     

对农村土地承包经营权流转问题的再思考——以黑龙江省肇州县兴城镇大阁村为例

文章在深入解读中央关于土地流转政策的理论意义和现实意义基础上,利用调研数据,对土地流转后转入户和转出户的收入水平变化进行了回归分析,建立了流转土地户和非流转土地户收入的数学模型,从而得出土地经营权的流转可以增加农民收入的结论,并进一步对土地流转过程中遇到的障碍和影响土地流转的消极因素做了分析,最后针对存在的问题提出了建议。     

农村居民养老保障对土地流转促进作用分析

文章基于2015年CHARLS数据对农村居民养老保障对土地流转的影响进行实证分析,结果表明随着农户养老保障水平的提高,其对土地养老保障功能的替代效果越明显,农户对土地的依赖程度也就越低,因此农户的土地流转意愿及土地流转率也会随之提高。同时,研究发现农业固定资产价值越高对土地流转的抑制越强,农业固定资产价值高表明农户从事农业的沉没成本高,因此不愿意流转出土地。相对于东、西部地区土地流转具有显著差异,原因在于东部地区城镇化进度快、非农就业机会更多,因此东部地区农村居民更倾向于流转土地。基于以上结论,文章提出建议:完善农村社会保障制度、提升农村居民养老保障水平是促进土地流转的有效途径,同时加大农业固定资产补贴力度、加快发展西部地区二三产业创造更多非农就业机会也会为促进土地流创造有例条件。     

禀赋效应、认知幻觉与交易费用——来自广东省农地经营权流转的农户问卷

本文依照“禀赋效应——认知幻觉——交易费用”的概念模型,通过一个修正的交易费用分析范式,拟揭示幻觉认知引发的交易费用对农地流转行为的影响.分析表明:(1)未转出农地农户的认知幻觉明显高于有转出行为的农户;(2)农户的保障幻觉、农地用途与增值幻觉均会显著增加农地流转中的交易成本;(3)农户对流转舍约的稳定性预期,能够有效促进农地的流转;(4)具有禀赋资本及扩展性能力幻觉的农户,能够改善其农地的转入行为.文章认为,发挥农户的比较优势,在尊重农民意愿的基础上,形成农户农地经营的“退出”与“进入”机制,应该是农地政策的基本取向.     

土地流转行为有了重要制度依据《农村土地经营权流转管理办法》开始实施

随着我国社会的发展,2005年出台的《农村土地承包经营权流转管理办法》中的许多条款已经不能适应新的形势和法律政策的要求,近日,农村农业部发布了《农村土地经营权流转管理办法》,于2021年3月1日开始实施.《办法》实施以后,土地流转行为,包括转出和转入行为都会更加规范,这不仅为保障广大承包农户和各类新型经营主体的合法权益...     

农户地租契约选择的经济逻辑:预期效用抑或损失规避

随着收入水平和社会保障水平的提高,农户的经济决策动机逐渐从风险(成本)最低转变为收益最大。但是,地租契约的不完全性等因素,可能使农户在选择地租契约时,需要在收益(租金)的可靠性和收益最大化之间进行权衡。文章理论分析表明,农户在选择地租契约时,其经济逻辑是损失规避而非预期效用理论。进而,文章利用中国家庭金融2015年调查数据,通过probit、IVprobit和似无相关回归模型检验了这一理论假说。研究结果显示,租金水平越高,农户越倾向于选择固定地租契约;消除内生性后的边际效应显示,租金提高每万元,农户选择固定租金契约的概率提高28.3%。机制分析发现,土地流转契约期限的增加会强化租金对农地转出户选择固定租金契约的影响。运用工具变量估计、交叉项和费舍尔组合检验三种方法进行稳健性检验后,该结论仍然成立。进一步的异质性分析结果表明,租金对固定地租契约的促进效应,在低收入农户中相对更高;在低收入农户中,契约期限不具有调节作用。研究结果为地租领域农户财产性收入的增加与政策预期的不一致,提供了理论解释与经验证据。基于此,文章提出为使农户通过地租获得更多的财产性收入,需要进一步完善农地流转契约治理机制等政策建议。     

Effect of personality traits on smallholders’ land renting behavior: Theory and evidence from the North China Plain

This study investigates the effect of smallholders’ personality traits on their land rental market decisions. We develop a conceptual framework and show that these internal factors could affect smallholders’ land rental market participation beyond institutional and socio-demographic factors. Our empirical analysis is based on a survey of 2119 rural households collected in the North China Plain. We find that smallholders with a higher level of openness are more active in participating in the farmland rental market. Moreover, internal locus of control plays a significant role in explaining smallholders’ land renting behavior. We further show that need for achievement mediates the link between internal locus of control and smallholder’s intention to rent land, indicating that fostering a higher level of internal locus of control—and subsequently achievement desire—could play an important role in promoting smallholders’ land-renting behavior. More generally, our results imply that taking rural smallholders’ personality traits into account in designing land rental policies may increase the effectiveness of policies aimed at promoting land rental market participation among smallholders and incubating crop farm scale enlargement in rural China.     

Land rental market, off-farm employment and agricultural production in Southeast China: A plot-level case study

This paper performs a plot-level analysis of the impact of land rental market participation and off-farm employment on land investment, input use, and rice yields for 215 plots cultivated by 52 households in three villages in Northeast Jiangxi Province. Our findings show that households that rent extra land are relatively more productive, but contradict results of earlier studies which found that tenure status of plots affects the level of land investments. We further find that off-farm employment does not significantly affect rice yields. This result contradicts those of earlier studies which found that the negative lost-labor effect of off-farm employment dominates the positive income effect. Another novel finding is that people working locally off-farm tend to switch from green manure planting towards the use of organic manure on their rice plots. We conclude that policies that will further stimulate the development of land rental markets, which is still in its infancy, can contribute significantly to higher rice production in Southeast China. Another implication of our results is that worries about the negative impact that the continuously growing off-farm employment may have on China's goal to remain self-sufficient in grain production are less relevant at the moment for the region examined in our study.     

Rural Land,Emerging Rental Land Markets and Public Policy in Ethiopia

Abstract: While farmers today access land mainly through administrative‐based land distribution, transactions in rental markets are on the rise. Different rental contracts are informally arranged with varied land use and transfer rights and degree of enforcement. These contracts are often interlocked to overcome the problem of incomplete or missing non‐land factor markets. The empirical evidence is thin but shows mixed records on performance of rental markets. Transactions in rental markets provide an additional venue to access land, reduce disparity in distribution of area of land operated, correct imbalances in factor proportions at farm level, and partly substitute for missing or incomplete factor markets. However, rights to rental land are restricted and poorly enforced, and markets are localized and thinly traded. While participation in rental markets is potentially welfare improving, increasing scarcity of land and demands for higher rent, a fee for right to rent land, payment in cash, farming skills and experience, and proof of no‐default are tightening conditions to access to land, particularly to the young poor farmers. Public policy has an important role in formalizing and enhancing the development of rental markets through strengthening enforceable long‐term security of tenure, providing legal cover to rental contracts, allowing tradability of long‐term use rights through rental markets, and providing the institutional mechanism to enforce contracts and reduce the burden of self‐enforcement. These policy measures need to be nested within a broad framework of market development, and informed by policy research and experimentation.     

Access to credit and farmland rental market participation: Evidence from rural China

In this study, we analyze the impact of access to credit on farmland rental market participation of rural households. The study uses a nationally representative survey data of China Family Panel Studies and an endogenous switching probit model that accounts for selection bias for both observed and unobserved factors. Findings reveal that access to credit stimulates farmers' decisions to participate in farmland rental markets by increasing the likelihood of renting in and renting out farmland by about 10% and 20%, respectively. Results also reveal that the impact of access to credit on farmland rental market participation is heterogeneous when it comes to the age of the operator and and geographic locations of farmers. We show that younger credit users have a higher probability of renting in farmland, while their older counterparts have a higher probability of renting out farmland. Besides, credit users residing in central China have a higher probability of renting in farmland, while those living in eastern China have a higher likelihood of renting out farmland. Our findings highlight the importance of improving farmers' access to credit in facilitating the development of rural farmland rental markets.     

Trade policy impacts under alternative land market regimes in rural China

In this paper we apply a simulation model of a village economy in Guizhou province, China, to assess impacts of trade reform at the household and the village level under alternative land market regimes. Putting special emphasis on the modeling of household migration a trade reform scenario is simulated with and without the existence of a land rental market in the village.Significant impacts of the land market on the policy outcome regarding household production, income and welfare are found. The possibility to trade land within the village leads to increasing specialization into agriculture and migration among the households as a response to the policy shock. In a situation with a land market, incomes of households which expand agricultural production are less negatively affected by trade reform than incomes of households which migration more.At the village level, a land market does not influence the poverty outcome of the reform but reduces its inequality enhancing impact. Village migration and exports of agricultural outputs increase.     

Determinants of technical efficiency and farmers’ crop choice rationality: A case study of rural Gansu,China

Land exchange based on market transactions in which lessors and lessees participate voluntarily not only makes them better off but also enhances the overall efficiency of land use and agricultural production. However, it is worthwhile to empirically explore the effect of land rental on overall technical efficiency in the context of Chinese agriculture because non-farm household producers have increasingly entered the farming business as cultivators. If such producers underperform farm households in terms of efficiency, land consolidation does not necessarily deliver the desired outcome. This study demonstrates that the development of land rental markets improves agricultural technical efficiency at the aggregate level. Another important issue addressed in this study is to examine farmers’ crop choice rationality. China offers an interesting case in this respect. This is because, while the central government has long strived to maintain a high grain self-sufficiency rate, the relative prices of farm products have recently moved in favor of non-grain products. Our empirical result suggests that there is room for further increase in farm revenues of Gansu’s producers by shifting resources away from cereal toward horticultural production.     

农民分化、代际差异与土地流转意愿的影响

土地是作为中国农业农村最基础的产出要素,它不仅可以满足人们就业需求,还可以提高农民收入以及增强社会保障等多种用途。基于山东省422份调研数据,通过Heckman模型阐明了农民分化、代际差异对土地流转意愿的影响。通过实证分析表明,农民分化对土地流转意愿具有正向的影响;与老一代农民相比新生代农民更愿意进行土地流转。根据研究结果,针对不同分化程度、不同代际差异的农民提出了精准性建议,以提高农民的土地流转的意愿。     

农地租约中的期限与租金及其相互关联性——理论分析与实证检验

农地租约中期限与租金的决定,存在互为因果的内生性问题。文章关注农地租约中的期限、租金及其相互关联性。可能的边际贡献在于：（1）将期限与租金的决定,视为流转双方博弈的结果,从而阐明租约选择过程及其决定机理;（2）实证分析表明,农地质量是重要的中间变量。在农地流转交易中,呈现“高质量-高租金-长期限”、“低质量-低租金-短期限”的农地质量与租约安排的匹配特征。