中国区际产业转移的困境寻源与对策探究

依据区域产业转移的理论,现阶段,东部地区产业应该向中西部地区大规模自然转移,但这种现象并未出现。分析发现:中国东部地区与中西部地区产业制度、市场等环境差距悬殊,致使东部地区向中西部地区产业转移的推进力量小于制约力量,因而这种转移目前还不可能大规模地自然演进。为此,中国区域产业发展的政策应该是:顺应这种客观现实,一方面继续促进东部地区的产业发展,为东部地区及全国的经济发展增强整体实力,也使国家有条件支持、帮助中西部地区;另一方面中西部地区要积极改善经济环境,以承接东部地区的产业转移,同时也要依靠发展旅游业等其他途径大力发展自身的经济。     

黄河三角洲地区生态安全预警测度及时空格局

随着黄三角地区的生态环境不断恶化,生态问题日益成为政府、学者与公众关注的焦点。以黄三角为例,采用PSR模型构建黄三角生态安全预警指标体系,运用熵值法对黄三角生态安全预警进行分析,得到以下三个结论:①2005—2010年,黄三角地区的生态环境得到了逐步改善,2010年各县市的生态安全预警值大于2005年的生态安全预警值;②2010年黄三角大部分地区的生态安全预警等级仍处在第Ⅲ等级,生态安全形势不容乐观。③黄三角东部地区的生态环境整体上要优于中西部地区的生态环境,生态环境最差的区域集中在东营和滨州两市。研究认为,转变经济发展模式、生态修复与补偿、差别化区域空间管制等是改善黄三角生态环境的必要措施。     

中西部地区生态旅游产品绿色创新的制度支持体系

制度创新包括正式规则、非正式规则及制度的实施机制创新3个层次。在正式规则方面,中西部地区生态旅游产品绿色创新的制度支持体系,应改变生态旅游资源所有权、管理权、经营权三权合一的现状,构建中西部地区生态旅游资源三权分离的激励与约束机制;在制度的实施机制方面,应构建中西部地区生态旅游产品开发经营中正外部性的补偿机制和负外部性的监管机制;在非正式规则方面,应以生态伦理道德及生态价值观念推动生态旅游的可持续发展。     

产业转移视角下我国中西部地区生态循环经济发展问题研究

产业转移是我国经济发展的重要战略,中西部地区在有效承接产业转移的同时,要考虑经济发展的可持续性.文章在阐述产业转移与生态循环经济关系的基础上,指出了当前中西部地区生态循环经济存在的障碍,提出为了实现中西部地区的可持续发展,在承接产业转移过程中要把发展生态循环经济置于重要地位,采取更新地方政府发展理念、建立监督和管理机制、培育生态循环经济技术支持体系、完善发展相关服务体系、创新生态循环经济的市场价格机制和加快企业与社会公众的观念转化等措施,实现经济和环境的共同进步.     

内蒙古中西部生态工矿型经济发展的思路与对策

内蒙古中西部地区资源富集,近年来该地区工矿型经济的快速发展,给区内经济、社会和生态环境的协调发展带来了很大的压力。本文从循环经济的视角,通过对内蒙古中西部工矿型经济发展中存在的问题分析,提出了内蒙古中西部地区生态工矿型经济发展的基本思路和对策。     

污染型行业区域布局的转移趋势——基于全要素生产率视角

在Battese and Coelli(1992)模型基础上,采用非中性技术进步超越随机前沿模型,对2003-2008年中国31个省、直辖市、自治区17类污染型行业的面板数据进行分析,测算各行业在各省份的全要素生产率增长率情况。分析结果发现,大部分污染型行业在中西部地区全要素生产率的平均增长率都比东部地区要高。从经济效率来看,大部分污染型行业势必在未来布局选择上会倾向于向中西部地区转移。而中西部地区的生态承载力和环境承载力都相对较弱,污染型行业向这些地区大规模转移必然会导致这些地区的生态环境进一步恶化。对此,本文从生态文明的角度对污染型行业的优化布局提出了具体的政策建议。     

资本的趋利性和FDI的区域分布差异——基于成本收益角度的分析

文章首先对比分析了FDI在我国东部与中西部地区的区域分布差异;接着从资本趋利性的角度重点对FDI投资于东部和中西部的成本和收益进行了分析,认为外商直接投资在东部和中西部分布不平衡的根本原因在于FDI投资于中西部的成本高,而收益低;最后一部分给出了改善FDI分布现状的政策建议。     

山东省生态安全预警测度及时空格局

选取2003、2008和2013年统计数据,构建了基于熵值法和多指标综合评价的DPSR模型,对山东省17地市的生态安全进行了预警分析和空间格局研究,得出以下结论:2003—2013年山东省17地市的生态环境逐步得到了改善,但总体形势不容乐观,2013年仅威海、青岛和东营三市生态安全处于第IV等级,其他地市生态安全等级较低;山东省生态安全等级内部差距较大,东部沿海城市明显高于中西部城市。在此基础上针对不同地区分别提出了建议,旨在为山东省改善生态环境,平衡区域差距提供决策参考。     

我国区域间产业结构与竞争力比较研究

本文通过运用偏离-份额分析空间模型,对我国2001-2008年间东、中、西部地区间产业结构与竞争力进行比较分析.分析表明:第一、二产业方面,东部地区产业结构不断优化,但产业竞争力持续下降,中西部地区产业结构劣势开始显现,但中西部地区产业竞争力大幅度增强,并超过东部地区,且西部地区的第二产业竞争力明显强于东中部地区;第三产业方面,东部地区体现出较强的竞争力,但产业结构已显现出不合理的趋势,而中西部地区在产业结构趋于合理的情况下,竞争力却趋于下降,且中部地区竞争力最弱.     

东部产业为何难以向中西部转移——基于人力资本空间差异的解释

人力资本对产业的空间分布具有决定性作用,由于人力资本空间分布的差异性,导致不同地区的产业集聚能力高低有别。因此,从人力资本空间差异视角研究人力资本与产业空间转移的关系,可以为我国东部产业难以向中西部转移的原因和收效甚微的区域协调发展政策提供一种理论解释。基于城市层面数据的实证分析表明,人力资本份额增加能够有效促进地区产业份额增加,在解决了人力资本与产业空间分布的反向因果关系后,人力资本促进产业集聚的作用仍然稳健。在人力资本仍集聚于东部地区的情况下,东部制造业和文化产业自然难以向中西部地区转移。中西部地区应将人力资本政策作为产业政策的核心部分,提高中西部地区人力资本存量,是促进产业向中西部地区转移的有效应对之策。     

凝聚力的结构、形成和影响——一个研究述评

凝聚力是一个具有本土化意义的概念。本文从凝聚力的定义、结构、测量、与团体绩效的关系等几个方面入手,对国内外凝聚力的相关研究进行了整理和评介。本文的主要观点有:赞同凝聚力是一个独立的概念,并有显著的理论和实践研究价值;凝聚力具有多层次、多维度的结构;凝聚力对团队绩效有显著正向影响,但这种影响受到一些变量的调节。最后,本文对国内凝聚力研究提出了建议。     

More on Marriage,Fertility, and the Distribution of Income*

According to Pareto (1896) , the distribution of income depends on “the nature of the people comprising a society, on the organization of the latter, and, also, in part, on chance.” In the model developed here the “nature of the people” is captured by attitudes toward marriage, divorce, fertility, and children. Singles search for mates in a marriage market. Married agents bargain about work, and the quantity and quality of children. They can divorce. Social policies, such as child support requirements, reflect the “organization of the (society).” Finally, “chance” is modeled by randomness in income, marriage opportunities, and marital bliss.     

Interest on reserves,settlement, and the effectiveness of monetary policy

Over the last several years, the Federal Reserve has conducted a series of large scale asset purchases. The effectiveness of these purchases is dependent on the monetary transmission mechanism. Former Federal Reserve chairman Ben Bernanke argued that large scale asset purchases are effective because they induce portfolio reallocations that ultimately lead to changes in economic activity. Despite these claims, a large fraction of the expansion of the monetary base is held as excess reserves by commercial banks. Concurrent with the large scale asset purchases, the Federal Reserve began paying interest on reserves and enacted changes in its Payment System Risk policy. In this paper, I estimate the effect of the payment of interest on reserves (as well as other payment policy changes) on the demand for daylight overdrafts through Fedwire. Since Fedwire provides overdrafts at a fixed price, any fluctuation in the quantity of overdrafts is a change in demand. A reduction in overdrafts corresponds with an increase in the demand for reserves. I show that the payment of interest on reserves has had a negative and statistically significant effect on daylight overdrafts. Furthermore, I interpret these results in light of recent theoretical work. I argue that by paying an interest rate on excess reserves that is higher than comparable short term rates, the Federal Reserve likely hindered the portfolio reallocation channel outlined by Bernanke. Thus, the payment of interest on reserves increased payment processing efficiency, potentially at the expense of limiting the ability of monetary policy to influence economic activity.     

信贷约束、再分配及不平等对增长的影响

当信贷对那些禀赋较少的当事人是完全可获取时,再分配对长期增长无影响.当信贷不可得时,再分配可以促进经济增长.富人与穷人之间的不平等程度越高,越容易刺激穷人掠夺富人的财富,并牺牲了总的投资与增长.恰当的再分配政策设计可以有利于禀赋少者并促进总的产出,并使社会朝着增长与和谐的方向努力.     

Considerations on Inequality,Corporate Governance,and Financialization

Abstract

Disjunctures between corporate governance, increasingly dominated by financial considerations, and social inequality have been among the motor forces of current world-wide “populist” voter revolts. This article looks for clues for the relation between economic inequality, corporate governance, and financialization by re-examining the work of Karl Marx and of Adolphe Berle and Gardiner Means. Marx is widely considered, in Japan, to have pointed out that the division of profit into the wages of management and the profit of enterprise is considered as a path to the association. However, this general interpretation in Japan may not be sufficient for capturing capitalism’s contemporary reality. This presentation develops an alternative interpretation of this chapter by combining Marx’s explanation with the theory of the separation of ownership and management proposed by Berle and Means. We then explore causal relations among income inequality, corporate governance, and financialization.     

Envy, leisure, and restrictions on working hours

Abstract.  We present a simple model of capital accumulation where agents care about their consumption relative to the consumption of other members of society, 'envy,' In this context we quantify the extent of the distortions and welfare costs associated with envy. Under conservative estimates of envy we find that the implied welfare losses are substantial. We explore the implications of alternative policy arrangements designed to minimize the effects of the consumption externality. Our results suggest that if the optimal tax policy is not politically feasible, restrictions on working hours provide an alternative tool to induce a market outcome that resembles the efficient allocation achieved under a benevolent central planner. JEL classification: D62, H21