低碳经济与中国经济可持续发展

经济危机爆发以来,各国都把气候问题和经济发展愈发紧密地联系在一起,于是低碳经济被提到前所未有的高度.中国经济的快速发展也造成了资源的过度浪费和对环境的过度污染,如何改变产业结构、调整引资战略、加强低碳技术创新以及建立碳交易市场等成为我国可持续发展待解之题.     

The cost of natural capital consumption: Accounting for a sustainable world economy

The System for integrated Environmental and Economic Accounting (SEEA) has been criticized in this journal for ignoring the benefits of ecosystem services for human well-being. This paper argues that extended national accounts should not attempt measuring economic welfare. Rather, they could and should assess the environmental sustainability of economic activity as the cost of natural capital consumption. The global application of SEEA concepts and methods demonstrates the feasibility of international green accounting. For the world economy, sustainability costs run to about 3 trillion US$ or 6% of world GDP. Large variations at national and regional levels suggest that conventional economic indicators may significantly overstate economic progress in some parts of the world. Data gaps and lack of data comparability affect these first estimates. National and international statistical services should be more aggressive in greening the national accounts. More prudent and more sustainable economic policies might be the result.     

循环经济理念的最新规范与应用

循环经济是知识经济的第一阶段。是一种经济理念。它既不等同于清洁生产，也不完全等于环境保护。循环经济理念的最新规范体现在5R原则上，即再思考、减量化、再使用、再循环、再修复。     

Initial infrastructure development strategies for the transition to sustainable mobility

Within the Dutch transition policy framework, the transition to hydrogen-based transport is seen as a promising option towards a sustainable transport system. One aspect of such transition processes that is emphasized in transition management is learning about user behaviour and preferences. However, while earlier research on sustainable mobility acknowledges the importance of refuelling infrastructure, the question of how to unroll such an infrastructure and the role of user practices and user behaviour largely remains unanswered. In this paper we present an agent-based model to study the process of development from niche to market for hydrogen vehicles. We thereby focus on the role of users in this process and support our model by empirical data. Within this model the effects of different strategies for hydrogen infrastructure development on hydrogen vehicle fleet penetration are studied. More specifically, diffusion patterns for hydrogen vehicles are created through the interactions of consumers, refuelling stations and technological learning. The main result is that social network effects do influence the technological trajectory of hydrogen vehicles and thus should be taken into account by infrastructure developers and policymakers.     

基于循环经济理论的云南铜矿产业可持续发展探讨

发展循环经济是我国21世纪实现经济发展与环境保护的新思路，是走新型工业化道路的具体体现以循环经济理论为指导，以云南铜矿产业的可持续发展赢取竞争优势，促进区域经济协调发展，成为政府和企业关注的焦点。加快循环经济研究是云南铜矿产业突破资源制约，实现可持续发展的必然选择；也是解决云南铜矿企业主要问题的有效途径之一.     

积极推进绿色经济战略

推进绿色经济战略，就是要增加绿色投资、创建绿色企业、采用绿色技术、生产绿色产品、实施绿色营销、促进绿色消费，创建一种全新经济形态的战略。     

A coevolutionary framework for analysing a transition to a sustainable low carbon economy

This paper proposes a coevolutionary framework for analysing a transition to a sustainable low-carbon economy, based on the coevolution of ecosystems, technologies, institutions, business strategies and user practices, within a multi-level micro-meso-macro perspective. This builds on and develops previous coevolutionary analyses of long-term technological and industrial change, and recent renewed interest within ecological economics on coevolutionary approaches. Previous work has analysed how the coevolution of technologies and institutions has led to the lock-in of current high-carbon energy systems; and how the coevolution of physical and social technologies and business strategies has brought significant material and welfare benefits to the minority of the world's population living in industrialised countries. The coevolutionary framework proposed here may be used to undertake: (1) detailed empirical analyses at a micro-meso level of the challenges relating to the innovation and adoption of particularly low-carbon technologies; (2) as a framework for analysing the multi-level interaction of social and technological elements within potential transition pathways to a low carbon energy system; (3) to assess the implications for economic growth and prosperity of a transition to a low carbon economy; and (4) to assist in the development of more formal, multi-level evolutionary economic models.     

A model of quality control based on recycling economy and sustainable manufacture

People currentiy pay attention to a hotspot problem that how industrial production is evaluated and controlled based on sustainable development theory. Quality is one of the important indexes. Two mainstream theories guide us to realize the industrial sustainable development： mainly the circular economy and sustainable manufacturing are introduced. The basic characteristics of the sustainable manufacturing are introduced, and that quality management is important contents of sustainable development is indicated. Based on circular economy and sustainable manufacture theories, the drawbacks in the existing quality management models are analyzed. The requests that satisfy the big system ＂environment- society - economy＂ are summarized to build up a model. A Chinese traditional cultural principle is applied and the relevant contents are sublimated as the platform to set up the model. The new quality management concept models are put forward ＂T- D- R＂ three-dimensional structures and ＂ecological quality loop＂ model, from which the new quality concepts are formed The paper elaborates the contents and the process of setting up the models. The big quality problems of the system can be handled by the new quality concept and model that are validated in practice.     

西北地区自然资源可持续开发的对策

西北地区已被列入21世纪中国经济发展的重点地区及资源接替区。本文主要针对西北地区自然资源富集、经济相对落后、生态环境脆弱等现状，提出西北地区自然资源可持续开发的对策。     

循环经济与我国对外贸易可持续发展

对外贸易的可持续发展与循环经济 对外贸易可持续发展是经济可持续发展的一个组成部分,位于流通环节,它要求一国通过制定与经济可持续发展、生态可持续发展、社会可持续发展等相协调的外贸战略与政策,促使对外贸易的经济效益、社会效益与生态效益的高度统一,实现对外贸易的长期、持久、稳定、健康地增长,取得不断好转的贸易条件和持续扩大的国际分工利益.     

我国旅游业循环经济可持续发展的思考

我国旅游业在快速发展过程中,面临着旅游经济管理体制不健全、旅游设施落后、急功近利与亡羊补牢式的开发、旅游产品缺乏特色等问题,走旅游循环经济的可持续发展之路成为旅游业发展的必然选择。通过整合旅游资源,强化政府主导,进行科学的开发与保护,建立环保技术支持体系,强调游客消费过程中的理性行为,实现旅游循环经济的可持续发展。     

Competitive strategies,innovation, and firm performance: an empirical study in a developing economy environment

This paper studies the relationships between competitive strategies, innovation, and firm performance within the context of Turkish manufacturing companies. The data were collected from top management of the firms via Computer Assistant Telephone Interviewing method. One hundred and forty manufacturing firms operating in various sectors including textile, automotive supply, computer and electronics provide the basis for this empirical research. In order to test our model, we employ structural equation modelling using partial least squares. The results show that competitive strategies such as cost-leadership and differentiation can lead to innovation, which, in turn, increase firm performance. Managers implement cost-leadership and differentiation strategies to take part in competitive market conditions; however, they should put additional importance on innovation that plays a significant role as a bridge between competitive strategies and firm performance.     

Factors and sustainable strategies fostering the adoption of broadband communications in an enlarged European Union

The paper presents the results of a study that attempts to identify the main components that influence the development of broadband communications and access services, along with the analysis of sustainable strategies for fostering its further development. The paper briefly provides the appropriate combination of the relevant factors, methods and technologies for faster adoption of broadband communication technologies, contributing to adoption and enabling more rapid social cohesion and the regional inclusion of the new member states. Three identified factors, based on the data from 2004, can be interpreted as a group of enablers and means, indicators of e-service usage and the information and communication technology sector environment. An appropriate combination of the proposed actions could be a valuable guide in planning and developing broadband adoption strategies in different European regions or countries.     

SEEA-2003: Accounting for sustainable development?

The revised SEEA-2003 elaborates physical and hybrid environmental-economic accounts, details valuation techniques for natural resources, but rejects monetary valuation of environmental degradation as “modeling”. Preference for physical accounting and corresponding loss of systemic coherence (as compared to the SEEA-1993) prevents meeting the proclaimed objective of assessing sustainable development.     

Regulation and shadow economy: empirical evidence for 25 OECD-countries

New empirical findings for the impact of regulations on economic activities in the shadow economy are presented here. A comprehensive regulation index covering major fields (e.g. labour and product market regulation and the quality of institutions) has been used to analyze the relationship between the density of regulations and the size of shadow economies. The empirical results from 25 OECD countries for the time period 1995–2005 show that—apart from tax burden and tax moral—main causes for the development of the size of shadow economies are labour and product market regulations, overall regulations and poor quality of official public institutions and administration. These findings can provide additional information on policy measures to tackle the problem of growing shadow economies.     

Core and value for a public-goods economy: An example

An example of a public-goods economy with a continuum of agents is presented in which the Shapley value does not lie in the core.     

循环经济:泰达发展的不竭动力

泰达作为我国综合型生态工业园区的代表，通过机制和技术的创新，逐渐构建起较为明晰的区域物质流、能量流和信息流，促进了区域资源能源的高效利用、产品的耦合共生、产品经济向功能经济的转变，形成了结构较完整的循环经济发展模式，是我国推进循环经济工作中的典范，为建立资源循环型社会起到了示范作用。     

MOSES: Model for studying the economy of Sweden

MOSES is an aggregate econometric model for Sweden, estimated on quarterly data, and intended for policy simulations and short-term forecasting. After a presentation of qualitative model properties, the econometric methodology is summarized. The model properties, within sample simulations, and forecast evaluations are presented. We also address methodology and practical issues relating to building and maintaining a macro model of this type. The detailed econometric equations are reported in Appendix A.“I think it should be generally agreed that a model that does not generate many properties of actual data cannot be claimed to have any ‘policy implications’…”Clive.W. J. Granger (1992, p. 4).     

Demand estimation and market definition for broadband Internet services

This paper analyses residential demand for Internet access in Austria with a focus on broadband Internet connections. Austria has cable network coverage of about 50% and is, therefore, a good candidate to analyse the elasticity of demand for DSL where cable is available and where it is not. We also include mobile broadband via UMTS or HSDPA in our analysis and estimate various nested logit models to derive conclusions for market definition. The estimation results suggest that demand for DSL is elastic and that cable networks are likely to be in the same market as DSL connections both at the retail and at the wholesale level. We discuss possible implications for the regulation of wholesale broadband access markets. All views expressed are solely the authors’ and do not bind RTR or the Telekom-Control-Kommission (TKK) in any way nor are they official position of RTR or TKK.