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1.
    
The interplay between the Bayesian and Frequentist approaches: a general nesting spatial panel-data model. Spatial Economic Analysis. An econometric framework mixing the Frequentist and Bayesian approaches is proposed in order to estimate a general nesting spatial model. First, it avoids specific dependency structures between unobserved heterogeneity and regressors, which improves mixing properties of Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) procedures in the presence of unobserved heterogeneity. Second, it allows model selection based on a strong statistical framework, characteristics that are not easily introduced using a Frequentist approach. We perform some simulation exercises, finding good performance of the properties of our approach, and apply the methodology to analyse the relation between productivity and public investment in the United States.  相似文献   

2.
Abstract

Contemporary understanding of the evolution of the geography of uneven development is dominated by research derived from either the ‘new’ geographical economics or the new regionalism, typically in the context of either the European Union or North America. By way of contrast, we consider local economic performance in the Australian context. Building on Fingleton's work, we employ a spatial econometric modeling methodology to account for the role of both endogenous technological change and export orientation in determining local competitive advantage. The evidence suggests that competitiveness depends on both the indigenous characteristics of a local economy and its exposure to global competition.

Entreprise et compétitivité dans le contexte australien: une perspective économétrique spatiale

Résumé Les connaissances contemporaines sur l’évolution de la géographie de développements irréguliers sont dominées par la recherche dérivée d'une « nouvelle » économie géographique ou du nouveau régionalisme, généralement dans le contexte de l'Union européenne ou de l'Amérique du Nord. A titre de contraste, nous examinons les performances économiques locales dans le contexte de l'Australie. En nous basant sur Fingleton, nous appliquons une méthodologie de modélisation économétrique spatiale pour interpréter le rôle de variations technologiques endogènes et de l'orientation de l'exportation dans la détermination de la compétitivité locale. Les résultats des recherches indiquent que la compétitivité est tributaire à la fois des caractéristiques indigènes d'une économie locale et de son exposition à la concurrence mondiale.

Empresas y la ventaja competitiva en el contexto australiano: una perspectiva econométrica espacial

Extracto La comprensión contemporánea de la geografía evolutiva del desarrollo desigual está dominada por investigación derivada de la ‘nueva’ economía geográfica o del nuevo regionalismo, típicamente en el contexto de la Unión Europea o de Norteamérica. A modo de contraste, consideramos el rendimiento económico local dentro del contexto australiano. Basándonos en Fingleton, empleamos una metodología de modelación econométrica espacial para tener en cuenta la función del cambio tecnológico endógeno y la orientación de la exportación a la hora de determinar la ventaja competitiva local. La evidencia sugiere que la competitividad depende de las características indígenas de una economía local y en su exposición a la competencia global.   相似文献   

3.
Abstract

This paper sheds empirical light on the relationship between agglomeration and economic growth and its impact on the convergence hypothesis. Using a sample of 208 European regions over 25 years, ‘standard’ growth regressions are estimated using panel data techniques. Both the effect of agglomeration within one's own region and the interregional aspect of agglomeration are looked at. The estimation results show that, on average, denser regions grow slower than other regions, indicating a net negative effect of agglomeration. However, being located close to other growing regions is found to stimulate growth in one's own region. The implied convergence rate is also affected when the inter- and intraregional aspects of agglomeration are taken into account, where the former (latter) results in lower (slightly higher) convergence estimates.  相似文献   

4.
Abstract

This paper employs spatial econometrics techniques to estimate the impact of bankruptcy regulation on small firm formation. The estimation of the model is computationally challenging due to the joint appearance of a lagged endogenous variable and the unobserved heterogeneity which requires modelling of initial conditions as described in Heckman (1981). We test for the joint significance of the state dummy variables in a way that can be viewed as an interesting alternative to the Hausman procedure. This was important for our analysis since, as sometimes happens in finite samples, the estimated variance–covariance matrix was not positive semi-definite. We found that the predicted probability of starting a business is 25% higher in states with higher bankruptcy exemptions than their neighbours relative to states with lower exemptions than their neighbours.

Un modèle spatial de l'impact des lois sur la faillite sur la création d'entreprises

Résumé La présente communication emploie des techniques d’économétrie spatiale pour évaluer l'impact de la réglementation en matière de faillite sur la constitution de petites entreprises. L'estimation du modèle pose des difficultés sur le plan computationnel en raison de l'apparition conjointe d'une variable endogène décalée et de l'hétérogénéité non observée, qui rend nécessaire la modélisation de conditions initiales, de la façon décrite par Heckman (1981). Nous testons la signification conjointe des variables indicatrices de l’état d'une façon qui peut être considérée comme une alternative intéressante à la procédure de Hausman. Ceci était important pour notre analyse, car, comme nous le relevons parfois dans des échantillons finis, la matrice variance–covariance estimée n’était pas semi-définie positive. Nous en concluons que la probabilité prévisible du lancement d'une affaire est plus élevée de l'ordre de 25% dans les états qui appliquent des exemptions pour les faillites supérieures à celles des pays avoisinants, par rapport aux états qui appliquent des exemptions inférieures à celles de leurs voisins.

Un modelo espacial del impacto de la ley de bancarrotas sobre las iniciativas empresariales

Résumén Este artículo emplea técnicas de econometría espacial para estimar el impacto de las normativas de bancarrotas sobre la formación de empresas pequeñas. La valoración del modelo es computacionalmente desafiante, debido a la aparición conjunta de una variable endógena rezagada y heterogeneidad inadvertida que requieren la modelación de las condiciones iniciales, como se describe en Heckman (1981). Ensayamos la significancia conjunta de las variables de prueba estatales de una forma que puede percibirse como una alternativa interesante al procedimiento Hausman. Esto fue importante para nuestro análisis, ya que, como ocurre a veces con muestras finitas, la matriz estimada de varianza–covarianza no fue semidefinitiva positiva. Descubrimos que la probabilidad predicha de iniciar un negocio es un 25% mayor en los estados con mayores exenciones de bancarrota que sus vecinos, en relación con estados con menos exenciones que sus vecinos.

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5.
    
Abstract

Does agglomeration matter for growth? This paper addresses this question by evaluating the impact that intra-regional income distribution has on regional growth in Europe. By using a spatially augmented Solow growth model, we investigate the convergence process among 188 EU regions between 1991 and 2004 and extend the traditional growth models to account for the impact of regional inequality on growth, as well as the effects of interaction among regions. Our assumption is that existing levels of inequality between sub-regional territorial units could positively contribute to regional economic growth in Europe, through the positive effects generated by the emergence of agglomeration economies. Our results show that while we cannot find any overall significant relationship in Europe between agglomeration and growth, once we distinguish between Objective 1 and Non-objective 1 regions we are able to find that agglomeration positively impacts subsequent growth, but only in the less developed regions.  相似文献   

6.
    
Past literature has used conventional spatial autoregressive panel data models to relate patent production output to knowledge production inputs. However, research conducted on regional innovation systems points to regional disparities in both regions’ ability to turn their knowledge inputs into innovation and to access external knowledge. Applying a heterogeneous coefficients spatial autoregressive panel model, we estimate region-specific knowledge production functions (KPFs) for 94 NUTS-3 regions in France using a panel covering 21 years from 1988 to 2008 and four high-technology industries. A great deal of regional heterogeneity in the KPF relationship exists across regions, providing new insights regarding spatial spillin and spillout effects between regions.  相似文献   

7.
交通基础设施和信息基础设施会通过降低运输成本、优化空间布局以及重塑企业内外部网络关系等机制进一步加强城市体系各节点之间的联系,推动城市规模分布向多中心和分散化发展,最终促进城市体系网络化发展;各地区城市规模分布之间存在较强的空间相关性,相邻地区城市规模分布单中心程度和集聚程度的提高,会对本地区的城市规模分布造成“虹吸效应”。  相似文献   

8.
Abstract

In undertaking an analysis of neighbouring effects on European regional patterns of specialization, this paper makes two main contributions to the literature. First, we use a spatial weight matrix that takes into consideration membership of an EU cross-border regional association. We then compare our results with those obtained using a contiguity matrix and constitute an upper bound for our parameter of interest. In a further stage, we divide the CBR associations on the basis of their long-standing and the intensity of their cooperation to determine whether the association type has a significant impact. Second, we examine the sensitivity of our results to the use of alternative relative specialization indices.

Effets de voisinage transfrontière sur la spécialisation régionale en Europe

Résumé En entreprenant une analyse des effets de voisinage sur les configurations de spécialisation régionales européennes, la présente communication contribue de deux façons principales à la littérature. En premier lieu, nous utilisons une matrice de pondération spatiale, qui tient compte l'appartenance à une association régionale transfrontière de l'UE. Nous comparons ensuite nos résultats avec les résultats obtenus à l'aide d'une matrice de contiguité, et nous nous en servons pour constituer une limite supérieure pour le paramètre qui nous intéresse. A un niveau supérieur, nous répartissons les associations CBR en fonction de leur durée et de l'intensité de leur coopération, afin d’établir la mesure dans laquelle le type d'association présente un impact significatif. Deuxièmement, nous examinons la sensibilité de nos résultats pour l'emploi d'indices de spécialisation relatifs en alternative.

Efectos de la colindancia entre naciones sobre la especialización regional europea

Resumen Analizando los efectos de la colindancia sobre los patrones de especialización regionales europeos, este trabajo realiza dos aportes importantes a la bibliografía especializada. En el primero de ellos, utilizamos una matriz de ponderación espacial que tiene en cuenta la pertenencia de una asociación regional transfronteriza comunitaria. Posteriormente, comparamos nuestros resultados con los obtenidos con una matriz de contigüidad y constituimos un límite superior para nuestro parámetro de interés. En una fase posterior, dividimos las asociaciones regionales transfronterizas con base en su perduración y su grado de cooperación para determinar si la asociación tiene un efecto significativo. En el segundo, analizamos la sensibilidad de nuestros resultados en lo que respecta al uso de índices relativos de especialización alternativos.   相似文献   

9.
Abstract

A spatial vector autoregressive model (SpVAR) is defined as a VAR which includes spatial as well as temporal lags among a vector of stationary state variables. SpVARs may contain disturbances that are spatially as well as temporally correlated. Although the structural parameters are not fully identified in SpVARs, contemporaneous spatial lag coefficients may be identified by weakly exogenous state variables. Dynamic spatial panel data econometrics is used to estimate SpVARs. The incidental parameter problem is handled by bias correction rather than more popular alternatives such as generalised methods of moments (GMM). The interaction between temporal and spatial stationarity is discussed. The impulse responses for SpVARs are derived, which naturally depend upon the temporal and spatial dynamics of the model. We provide an empirical illustration using annual spatial panel data for Israel. The estimated SpVAR is used to calculate impulse responses between variables, over time, and across space. Finally, weakly exogenous instrumental variables are used to identify contemporaneous spatial lag coefficients.  相似文献   

10.
    
This paper estimates a Ricardian model of farmland value across the counties of the semiarid Southwestern United States. Compared to previous contributions, we focus on one climate zone and include the presence of extreme weather events and of farm subsidies in our analysis. We also control for heterogeneity and for various types of spillover effects. Once calibrated, the model is used to project changes due to future climate conditions. We find that the probability of a decrease is great in highland counties while an increase or decrease is equally probable in lowland counties where climate impacts farmland value less.  相似文献   

11.
Abstract

In this paper we construct a model to estimate local employment growth in Italian local labour markets for the period 1991–2001. The model is constructed in a similar manner to the original models of Glaeser et al. (1992), Henderson et al. (1995) and Combes (2000). Our objective is to identify the extent to which the results estimated by these types of models are themselves sensitive to the model specification. In order to do this we extend the basic models by successively incorporating new explanatory variables into the model framework. In addition, and for the first time, we also estimate these same models at two different levels of sectoral aggregation, for the same spatial structure. Our results indicate that these models are highly sensitive to sectoral aggregation and classification and our results therefore strongly support the use of highly disaggregated data.  相似文献   

12.
Abstract

Regional convergence of German labour markets represents a politically important question. Different studies have examined convergence processes in Germany. We derive equations to estimate the speed of convergence on the basis of an extended Solow model. The technique of geographically weighted regression permits a detailed analysis of convergence processes, which has not been conducted for Germany as yet. It allows the estimation of a separate speed of convergence for every region resulting from the local coefficients of the regression equations. The application of this technique to German labour market regions shows regions moving at different speeds towards their steady states. The half-life periods in the model of conditional convergence disperse less than the same coefficients in the absolute convergence model. Moreover, the speed of convergence is substantially slower in the manufacturing sector than in the service sector.  相似文献   

13.
Abstract

An important infrastructure policy issue for rapidly growing cities in developing countries is how to raise fiscal revenues to finance basic services in a fair and efficient manner. This requires estimates of the potential benefits or positive welfare effects that may follow from improved infrastructure. In this paper, we take advantage of a unique geo-referenced household survey to carry out a hedonic analysis of housing values that explicitly accounts for spatial spillovers. We use this to derive an estimate of the value of improved access to water in the Indian city of Bangalore. The findings suggest that by limiting the focus to individual or private benefits only, we may underestimate the overall social welfare from investing in service supply. We further demonstrate how spatially explicit policy simulations based on these estimates provide insight into the total effects of targeted interventions.

Appréciation de l'accès à l'eau—Une méthode hédonique spatiale appliquée à la ville de Bangalore, en Inde

Rèsumè Un important problème de politique en matière d'infrastructure qui se pose pour les villes à expansion rapide de pays en voie de développement est comment lever des recettes fiscales, de façon à la fois équitable et efficace, pour financer des services essentiels. Ces villes doivent, pour ceci, procéder à des évaluations des bénéfices potentiels ou des effets sociaux positifs que pourrait engendrer une meilleure infrastructure. Dans la présente communication, nous faisons usage des résultats d'une étude géoréférencée unique sur les ménages pour effectuer une analyse hédonique des valeurs des habitations, qui tienne compte de façon explicite des débordements spatiaux. Nous utilisons ensuite ces résultats pour dériver une estimation de la valeur d'un meilleur accès à l'eau dans la ville de Bangalore, en Inde. Les conclusions indiquent qu'en limitant notre recherche aux bénéfices individuels ou privés seulement, nous risquons de sous-estimer les avantages sociaux généraux des investissements dans la fourniture de services. Nous démontrons également comment des simulations de la politique, aux implications spatiales implicites sur la base de ces évaluations, permettent d'obtenir des connaissances sur les effets totaux des interventions ciblées.

Valorando el acceso a agua—Un planteamiento hedónico espacial con una aplicación a Bangalore, India

Extracto Una cuestión importante en cuanto a política de infraestructura para las ciudades de rápido crecimiento en países en vías de desarrollo es cómo incrementar los ingresos fiscales para financiar servicios básicos de forma justa y eficiente. Esto requiere estimaciones de los beneficios potenciales o de los efectos positivos para el bienestar social que podrían derivar de una mejor infraestructura. En este trabajo aprovechamos un exclusivo estudio georreferenciado sobre la vivienda para aplicar un análisis hedónico que tiene en cuenta explícitamente excedentes espaciales. Lo utilizamos para derivar una estimación del valor de un mejor acceso a agua en la ciudad india de Bangalore. Los descubrimientos sugieren que limitando el enfoque a los beneficios individuales o privados podríamos subestimar el bienestar social general procedente de invertir en el suministro de servicios. También demostramos cómo las simulaciones de políticas espacialmente explícitas basadas en estas estimaciones proporcionan una visión interna de los efectos totales de intervenciones dirigidas.

  相似文献   

14.
论文采用2005-2017年我国30个省份的面板数据,考虑经济增长的溢出效应,利用空间杜宾模型和半参数空间杜宾模型研究环境规制与经济增长的关系。结果表明:第一,中国经济增长存在显著的正空间相关性,在普通参数模型和空间杜宾模型中环境规制对经济增长的影响不显著。第二,半参数空间杜宾模型的拟合优度高于空间杜宾模型,同时,环境规制与经济增长存在显著的非线性关系。  相似文献   

15.
轨道交通对房地产价值影响研究综述   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
介绍了轨道交通对房地产价值影响的国内外相关研究成果,指出分市场效应是导致已有研究结论之间不一致的重要原因.同时,列出了未来值得研究的一些问题,包括对商业及办公物业价值的影响,轨道交通影响在空间和时间上的变化特点,以及空间计量经济学的应用,例如空间自相关和分市场效应的处理等.  相似文献   

16.
通过对联合国框架下的人权条约、各区域人权条约以及主要缔约国在外国人财产权保障方面的规定和做法进行研究,可知联合国人权条约对一般意义上个人(包括外国人)财产权的保护程度明显偏弱,各区域人权公约对财产权的保护则各有侧重,各缔约国对外国人的财产普遍有一定限制。其中有不少是我国在外国人财产权方面制定和适用法律、规则可借鉴的做法。  相似文献   

17.
Abstract

Here we attempt to advance the understanding of the impact of co-locative factors on regional innovation performance. The objectives are to answer what role co-location plays in explaining differences in regional innovation performance and what methodological improvements can compensate for the shortcomings of existing econometric analyses. The study is based on register data from the Business Register of Statistics Norway and the patent data from the Norwegian Patent Office for the period 1995–2003, aggregated to 161 labour market regions of Norway. A Bayesian spatial autoregressive (heteroscedastic) estimation procedure is applied. The results confirm the role of various co-locative factors in the spatial distribution of innovation.  相似文献   

18.
    
A two-step approach to account for unobserved spatial heterogeneity. Spatial Economic Analysis. Empirical analysis in economics often faces the difficulty that the data are correlated and heterogeneous in some unknown form. Spatial econometric models have been widely used to account for dependence structures, but the problem of directly dealing with unobserved spatial heterogeneity has been largely unexplored. The problem can be serious particularly if we have no prior information justified by economic theory. In this paper we propose a two-step procedure to identify endogenously spatial regimes in the first step and to account for spatial dependence in the second step. This procedure is applied to hedonic house price analysis.  相似文献   

19.
    
This paper explores the presence of local spatial interaction on urban development patterns of Spanish urban areas and whether this interaction might be due to the strategic behaviour of neighbouring local governments. Using remote-sensing data from aerial photography and satellite imaging along with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques, it studies urban development patterns across the country with unprecedented detail. The results confirm the main hypothesis that spatial interaction exists in the levels of sprawl between neighbouring municipalities, suggesting that local governments do indeed compete for the creation of new suburban settlement developments, hence promoting excessive urban sprawl.  相似文献   

20.
城市化与能源消耗间关系实证研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
通过利用2000—2009年我国的省级面板数据,建立时间和空间双固定效应的面板空间杜宾模型,发现我国存在一条U形的城市化能耗库兹涅茨曲线,该曲线的转折点出现在城市化率约为24%的阶段。现阶段我国的城市化水平已经处在该曲线的右侧部分,表明如果我国的城市化率在今后仍不断提高的话,由城市化所导致的能耗将迅速增长。同时还发现城市化在我国能耗增长中的贡献比重较大,但对于在2003年出现的我国能耗迅速增加的拐点,从城市化的角度找不到解释。最后提出如果今后我国城市化率进一步提高,由能耗迅速增加所导致的城市发展的离心力达到一定程度,将会对我国的城市化格局产生重要的影响。  相似文献   

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