探求更多共同利益--中日两国在能源领域的竞争与合作

对中日两国能源基本形势进行分析,可以看出两国的能源形势都很严峻。一是两国都需要进口大量石油、天然气,而且中国的需求量还在日益增加;二是两国石油、天然气的进口对象地区又都集中于同一中东地区,这就容易使中日两国利益直接发生冲突。再加     

国际能源竞争与合作

能源短缺已成为制约中国经济持续发展的瓶颈,中国在国际能源竞争中处于弱势地位,更需要主动谋求国际能源合作,选择合适的能源战略.文章指出,中国应建立能源储备战略、能源开发战略及能源技术战略.     

中俄能源合作议价博弈分析

近年来,中俄在能源合作方面虽然取得了一定的成效,但是出于各自的国家利益与经济发展,能源合作进展仍比较缓慢,不信任与波折不断成为制约进一步深入合作的瓶颈.通过应用议价博弈进一步分析中俄能源合作,并为摆脱这种困局提出相应的对策建议,以便推进两国在能源领域合作的进一步深化     

中美能源合作:成果、挑战与机遇

建交三十余年来,中美两国在能源和环境合作领域不断扩展与深化,取得了诸多进展。但在合作过程中仍有较多分歧和障碍:如缺乏战略互信引发的中国能源威胁论等。在能源和经济问题日趋全球化的大背景下,奥巴马政府能源独立战略的实施和美国的页岩气革命为中美能源合作提供了前所未有的良好机遇。作为全球最大的能源消费国,中国在天然气、可再生能源和核能等领域对拥有技术和资源优势的美国依存度逐渐上升,中美两国能源潜力巨大,合作远大于竞争。     

东北亚地区能源竞争与合作问题研究

东北亚地区各国的能源供应一直处于“各自为战”状态。随着经济全球化时代的到来,能源的生产、运输、供应与消费均被纳入国际化轨道,全球范围内争夺石油资源的竞争日趋激烈。中、日、韩三国同在东北亚地区,石油资源储量贫富不一,石油自身优势不尽相同。对区外石油的依赖,特别是对中东石油进口的依赖进一步增强,使中、日、韩三国均受到供应安全隐患的威胁,惟有加强合作,才能改善本地区的能源安全状况。中、日、韩三国能否找到能源合作的利益交汇点?阻力何在?本文将在客观分析的基础上对开展地区能源合作提出若干建议。     

中俄能源合作前景分析

能源合作是中俄战略协作伙伴关系和两国经贸合作的重要内容。中俄两国在能源合作方面虽然潜力巨大,但始终没有得到很好的开发。由美国次贷危机引发的金融危机爆发后,中俄两国经济均受到不同程度的影响,但却为中俄能源合作带来了契机。利用这一难得机遇,深化中俄能源合作是中俄两国亟待解决的问题。     

中美“利益攸关”的能源合作

一、中美战略层次合作 中美在政治和意识形态方面的立场和态度迥然不同;但并不排除双方在能源领域的战略合作.     

中日能源博弈中的竞争与合作

从地缘政治经济和能源对外依存的角度看,中日两国在世界范围内的能源争夺在所难免,但目前出现了竞争大于合作的态势,甚至出现了"零和"趋势。这种态势的出现主要是由于日本关注中日能源合作产生的相对收益造成的。然而,中日经济的高度相互依存和两国能源问题的共同性将促使日本不得不重新审视两国能源竞争与合作问题。     

中印能源:需求与合作的前景

近两年,随着印度能源部长艾亚尔频繁呼吁加强印中能源合作以及温家宝总理在2005年访印时提出加强中印经贸合作的倡议后,有关中印能源合作的声音开始频繁出现在各种媒体上。然而中印这两个经济高速增长、又都面临能源挑战的亚洲最大邻国,在纷繁复杂、跌宕起伏的国际能源领域究竟能有多大的合作空间?合作前景到底会如何?     

中美经贸摩擦背景下维系中美科创合作关系的对策建议

自2018年以来,持续升级的中美经贸摩擦给中美科创合作带来了严重冲击。本文首先从当前中美科创合作形势出发,全面总结了当前中美科创合作面临的直接冲击。其次通过剖析中美两国在未来大国竞争格局下的战略利益,分析了两国科创产业的长期合作趋势。最后,本文提出了中国在当前形势下维系中美科创合作关系的可行性对策建议,以期为中国制定对美科技、经济和外交等方面的竞合战略提供有益的借鉴和参考。     

国际排放贸易的发展趋势及我国的竞争对策

随着全球气候变暖,世界范围内的温室气体减排变得刻不容缓.在此背景下,本文分析了国际排放贸易的实质、发展趋势及其对我国经济的影响,并在揭示我国排放贸易的发展现状的基础上提出我国的应对策略.     

重视国际科技合作进一步提高船舶工业国际竞争力

船舶工业取得辉煌成就得益于国际科技合作 改革开放20多年来,我国船舶工业从当初只能造万吨级常规散货船、油船,年造船产量只有60万吨左右一跃发展成为可建造30万吨级超大型油轮和多种高新技术船舶,年造船产量400万吨左右,并且80%以上是出口船舶的高度外向型产业.     

国际新能源发展态势及对我国新能源产业发展的启示

新能源产业关乎国家能源安全战略,是未来经济增长的重要引擎,世界各国都非常重视新能源和可再生能源的发展.本文着眼于目前发达国家新能源发展的态势,并对可以借鉴的国外新能源发展经验做了探讨.     

国际竞争法的制定前景

当前,越来越多的国家制定了自己的国内竞争法,在国际层面,各国的竞争法也表现出一定的融合趋势.然而,要制定一部统一的国际竞争法,国际社会还有很长的一段路要走.     

大股东合作与竞争关系的一个博弈分析

公司治理文献对所有者与经营者和大股东与中小股东之间的利益冲突进行了广泛分析 ,但缺乏对大股东之间合作与竞争关系的研究。利用博弈理论 ,本文对大股东合作与竞争的可能性进行了理论分析。分析表明 :对于最大化自己收益的大股东而言 ,对长期收益和控制权潜在收益考虑得越多 ,则他们之间进行合作的可能性也越大 ,而相互竞争或不合作的可能性越小。所以 ,对于上市公司和宏观管理机构而言 ,鼓励大股东进行真诚合作并防止他们通过合谋而损害中小股东利益是十分必要的。     

整合国际物流加强我国与中亚各国的国际合作

随着中国和中亚各国经济形势逐步进入平稳发展的历史阶段,中国与中亚各国间的贸易往来有较大增长,经贸合作的广度和深度都有所提高,中亚各国都注重区域整合,建立以关税同盟为目标的区域经济合作,在此情况下,整合国际物流,加强我国与中亚各国的经济合作势在必行.本文在论述我国与中亚各国物流合作的基础之上主要谈谈如何整合国际物流,加强与中亚的合作.     

Explaining the formation of international new ventures: The limits of theories from international business research

International new ventures (INVs) represent a growing and important type of start-up. An INV is defined as a business organization that, from inception, seeks to derive significant competitive advantage from the use of resources and the sale of outputs in multiple countries (Oviatt and McDougall 1994). Their increasing prevalence and important role in international competition indicates a need for greater understanding of these new ventures (Oviatt and McDougall 1994).Logitech, as described in a case study by Alahuhta (1990), is a vivid example of an INV. Its founders were from two different countries and had a global vision for the company from its inception. The venture, which produces peripheral devices for personal computers, established headquarters in both Switzerland and the U.S. Manufacturing and R&D were split between the U.S. and Switzerland, and then quickly spread to Taiwan and Ireland. The venture's first commercial contract was with a Japanese company.Using 24 case studies of INVs, we found that their formation process is not explained by existing theories from the field of international business. Specifically, neither monopolistic advantage theory, product cycle theory, stage theory of internationalization, oligopolistic reaction theory, nor internalization theory can explain the formation process of INVs. These theories fail because they assume that firms become international long after they have been formed, and they therefore highlight large, mature firms. They also focus too much on the firm level and largely ignore the individual and small group level of analysis (i.e., the entrepreneur and his or her network of business alliances).We propose that an explanation for the formation process of INVs must answer three questions: (1) who are the founders of INVs? (2) why do these entrepreneurs choose to compete internationally rather than just in their home countries? and (3) what form do their international business activities take?Who are the founders of INVs? We argue that founders of INVs are individuals who see opportunities from establishing ventures that operate across national borders. They are “alert” to the possibilities of combining resources from different national markets because of the competencies (networks, knowledge, and background) that they have developed from their earlier activities. Following the logic of the resource-based view of the firm, we argue that the possession of these competencies is not matched by other entrepreneurs. Only the entrepreneur possessing these competencies is able to combine a particular set of resources across national borders and form a given INV.Why do these entrepreneurs choose to compete internationally rather than just in their home countries? The founders of INVs recognize they must create international business competencies from the time of venture formation. Otherwise, the venture may become path-dependent on the development of domestic competencies and the entrepreneur will find it difficult to change strategic direction when international expansion eventually becomes necessary. As the founder of one INV explained, “The advantage of starting internationally is that you establish an international spirit from the very beginning” (Mamis 1989:38).What form do their international business activities take? Founders of INVs prefer to use hybrid structures (i.e., strategic alliances and networks) for their international activities as a way to overcome the usual poverty of resources at the time of start-up.This study has important implications for the practice of management. In financing decisions relating to INVs, venture capitalists and other venture financiers should look for entrepreneurs who have a global vision, international business competence, and an established international network. When entrepreneurs start INVs they should create hybrid structures to preserve scarce resources. Finally, given the path-dependence of competence development, founders of new ventures should consider whether establishing a domestic new venture with plans to later internationalize will be as successful a strategy as establishing a new venture that is international from inception.     

From international new ventures to MNCs: Crossing the chasm effect on internationalization paths

This paper explores the market expansion path of knowledge-based international new ventures (KINVs) toward multinational corporations (MNCs) over time and identifies relevant enabling factors. Integrating crossing the chasm and international new venture (INV) theories, we analyzed international expansion paths of four KINVs headquartered in three countries (the U.S., Japan, and Israel). Based on trademark data, triangulated by both sales data and primary interviews of corporate executives, we proposed an integrative framework to examine the effect of crossing the chasm on market expansion paths towards MNCs. Our findings suggest that KINVs that cross the chasm in lead market are more likely to become MNCs. Our studies also identify several important factors that enable KINVs toward MNCs; these enabling factors include firm-specific assets and capabilities (e.g., proven products, R&D expertise, intellectual property assets, brands and reputation), partnership with leading customers, and collaborators built during the dynamic process of crossing the chasm.     

The EU's evolving stance on the international dimension of competition policy: A critical commentary

In recent years there has been a rapid increase in both the numbers and the value of cross-border mergers and acquisitions. As more and more competition cases fall within the jurisdiction of two or more competition authorities, the possibility of divergent and unpredictab]le outcomes increases. This article explores the response of the European Union to international competition concerns that impact on its, jurisdiction.