发展中小企业集合年金计划的政策障碍与出路

中小企业集合年金计划是解决当前我国中小企业建立企业年金计划困难的重要政策安排.中小企业集合年金计划存在"前端集合"与"后端集合"两种模式.本文在分析两种模式特征的基础上,对比研究了中小企业集合年金计划的优势、政策障碍与缺陷,提出了进一步建立与完善我国中小企业集合年金计划的政策建议.     

金融业对我国集合年金计划推动作用的研究——基于中小企业视角

集合年金计划实施以来,在金融业的大力推动下,我国中小企业企业年金得到了快速发展。但是这种在资本主义土壤下成长起来的制度与我国目前金融业的发展状况、中小企业自身发展能力以及现行的企业年金制度、政策等方面存在着诸多不匹配的地方,使得目前的集合年金计划发展缓慢。本文针对集合年金计划的发展现状以及在发展中存在的问题做了详细的论述,并提出了一系列的改进措施和建议,以期为实现金融业与中小企业集合年金计划的互动发展提供一条有效路径。     

金融业对我国集合年金计划推动作用的研究——基于中小企业视角

集合年金计划实施以来，在金融业的大力推动下，我国中小企业企业年金得到了快速发展。但是这种在资本主义土壤下成长起来的制度与我国目前金融业的发展状况、中小企业自身发展能力以及现行的企业年金制度、政策等方面存在着诸多不匹配的地方．使得目前的集合年金计划发展缓慢。本文针对集合年金计划的发展现状以及在发展中存在的问题做了详细的论述，并提出了一系列的改进措施和建议．以期为实现金融业与中小企业集合年金计划的互动发展提供一条有效路径。     

金融业应积极开发中小企业年金市场

企业年金是中国社会保障体制改革的重要内容,大力发展企业年金对于中国社会保障制度具有重大意义。在以央企为代表的大中型企业陆续建立规范的年金计划后,市场关注的目光越来越多地投向了处于成长期的中小企业客户。本文根据我国企业年金市场目前的发展现状,分析了中小企业企业年金发展滞后的瓶颈,提出中小企业尽快建立企业年金制度的措施。     

我国中小企业集合年金计划的供求分析和发展对策

1990年，我国开办了补充养老保险。2000年，补充养老保险更名为企业年金。经历了近20载的发展，企业年金市场取得了一定的成绩，但是中小企业年金市场发展存在着严重的滞后性。本文通过对我国中小企业集合年金计划的供求分析，从政策法规、监管体系以及金融机构三个方面对我国中小企业集合年金计划的发展提出相关建议。     

湖北省中小企业集合年金计划发展的障碍因素分析

建国60余年来,不断壮大的中小企业已成为振兴湖北城镇经济不可忽视的生力军,而被纳入企业年金计划的中小企业则寥寥无几。集合企业年金计划是当前我国中小企业建立企业年金制度的现实选择。本文着眼于湖北省中小企业的经济发展现状及企业年金计划的实施情况,分析近年来湖北省的企业年金发展现状和中小企业发展趋势,剖析湖北省中小企业实行企业年金计划的制度障碍和技术障碍。     

企业年金集合计划网络关系与投资绩效

由于采用复杂投资策略,企业年金集合计划存在网络关系并且影响投资绩效。为了检验这一效应,本文以2013年第1季度至2021年第1季度中国企业年金集合计划为研究对象,基于共同投资管理人关系构建企业年金集合计划网络并提取网络特征;运用面板数据回归模型,从收益与资金流入两个方面,定量揭示网络中心性对企业年金集合计划绩效的影响。实证结果表明,网络中心性对企业年金集合计划的绩效具有显著且稳定的正向影响。进一步分析发现,网络中心性对收益的影响在外包模式下更为明显,组合数、投资管理人数具有显著的正向调节作用;而网络中心性对资金流入的影响在两种运营模式下都显著,但在自营模式下影响力更强,组合数、投资管理人数同样强化了两者之间的影响关系。这些研究发现凸显了网络效应在企业年金集合计划绩效方面的积极作用,可以为中小企业选择企业年金集合计划提供参考。     

理事会受托人如何开展风险管理工作

资产管理是企业年金运营管理业务的核心,制定战略资产配置策略是年金受托人的法定职责.理事会受托人应将战略资产配置识别为核心风险业务,以此为中心展开风险管理的各项具体工作,从而向管理专业化、市场化迈进.当前,我国企业年金存在理事会受托和法人受托两种管理模式.比如中国石油天然气集团2007年建立年金计划后,选择理事会管理模式...     

中小企业建立企业年金制度的财务问题研究

目前,中小企业在我国发展十分迅速,已经成为了国民经济发展中非常重要的一部分。中小企业员工的养老问题也备受关注。企业年金作为一种有益的补充养老基金,具有抵抗老龄化风险的作用,对国民经济的发展意义重大。但我国企业年金的发展还不完善,尤其在财务运作中还存在许多问题。本文对企业年金的相关财务问题进行了一些有益探索,希望能为中小企业发展企业年金制度提供一些帮助。     

企业年金确定给付型计划与确定缴费型计划研究

文章对我国企业年金的基本理论和缴费进行分析,比较确定给付型企业年金养老计划与确定缴费型企业年金养老计划的各方面的差异。从养老金的给付情况来看,确定给付计划不但可以保证雇员退休后得到稳定,持久的退休金收入,还可以为其提供健康给付、伤残给付等辅助养老金,充分实现了社会保障的目的。从建立成本的情况来看,确定给付型计划更具有科学性和合理性。     

Institutional Traders' Behavior in an Emerging Stock Market: Empirical Evidence on Polish Pension Fund Investors

Abstract:   In this paper, we contribute to the literature on institutional herding and feedback trading by analysing the investment behavior of pension funds on the Polish stock market. Pension funds entered into the stock market due to the national pension system reform in 1999, providing a unique opportunity to receive deeper insight into the behavior of institutional investors in an emerging capital market. Our results show that Polish pension fund investors are to a greater extent involved in herd‐like behavior and pursue feedback trading strategies more often than their counterparts in mature markets. This finding is primarily attributed to a stringent investment regulation and high market concentration. We do not detect, however, that trading by the pension funds exerts significant influence on the future stock prices.     

Evaluating the Financial Performance of Pension Funds: An Individual Investor's Perspective

Pension funds require the managerial expertise of financial intermediaries, who must be paid a fee or spread. The spread significantly reduces the value of the pension fund over longer holding periods, and implies significantly greater incentive conflicts for defined contribution-funded pension funds than for defined benefit-funded pension funds. The magnitude of the intermediary spread and those factors affecting the demand for financial intermediary reputation and the marginal fee for this reputation are examined for a sample of 66 defined contribution and 54 defined benefit Australian pension funds during 1991–93. The intermediary spread significantly reduces the average net return provided to individual investors, particularly for defined contribution pension funds. Agency-related factors affecting the demand for financial intermediary reputation and its marginal fee reflect underlying contract-based differences between these types of fund.     

国外养老基金投资规则与绩效的比较

由于政治和人口老龄化对传统的现收现付体制带来的财政压力，养老基金制度改革已经成为一个全球性课题。在一些国家，由于对部分或全部基金型养老基金投资限制的改革，不仅使养老基金行业受益，而且对资本市场发展也产生了积极的影响。本文通过对不同投资监管制度下养老基金投资绩效差异和对资本市场不同影响的分析，探讨中国养老基金投资监管制度的改革方向和政策选择。     

Do pension buyouts help or hurt employees (retirees)?

This article compares expected pension default losses of employees and retirees before and after pension buyouts. The comparisons are made using a stochastic model calibrated with market data. The analysis shows that the lower protection level provided by the State Guarantee Association relative to that of the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC) is a critical factor that explains the welfare reduction, or equivalently, larger expected pension default losses, of most retirees who become annuity holders in the buyouts. The analysis also shows that the employee welfare, or equivalently expected pension default gains or losses, depends on the continued PBGC protection and, critically, their employers' postbuyout default risk and pension funding status. Moreover, these employee welfare changes are quite different for the corporations included in this analysis. Our results suggest that welfare improvements depend on the PBGC and state insurance regulators' cooperation in protecting pension participants and supervising buyout insurers.     

公务员养老金制度并轨改革的设计思路与精算评估

我国公务员与企业职工的退休待遇存在巨大差距,养老保险制度的公平性备受质疑,由制度差异带来的阻碍人才流动等弊端日益凸显,已成为近年来社会关注的焦点问题,本文在分析公务员的职业特点及其养老保障特殊性的基础上,借鉴国际经验,并基于融入全国统一的养老金体系和保护公务员既得权益的考虑,给出了公务员养老金改革应采取“基本养老金＋职业年金”的设计思路和具体方案,测算分析了改革方案对个人和财政支出的影响以及在实施上的可行性。     

An analysis of risk-taking behavior for public defined benefit pension plans

This paper presents the first comprehensive study on the determinants of public pension fund investment risk and reports several new important findings. Unlike private pension plans, public funds undertake more risk if they are underfunded and have lower investment returns in the previous years, consistent with the risk transfer hypothesis. Furthermore, pension funds in states facing fiscal constraints allocate more assets to equity and have higher betas. There also appears to be a herding effect in that CalPERS equity allocation or beta is mimicked by other pension funds. Finally, our results suggest that government accounting standards strongly affect pension fund risk, as higher return assumptions (used to discount pension liabilities) are associated with higher equity allocation and portfolio beta.     

Pension Funds and Emerging Markets

This paper focuses on the investment behavior of pension funds in developed and emerging market countries. First, it analyzes the main determinants of the emerging market asset allocation of pension funds in developed countries. Second, it assesses how pension funds in emerging markets have contributed to the development of local securities markets. Third, it analyzes the determinants of pension funds' investment performance. The paper concludes with a discussion of why the emerging market asset allocation of pension funds in developed countries is likely to increase and what the challenges faced by pension funds in emerging markets are.     

Pension Fund Manager Tournaments and Attitudes Towards Corporate Characteristics

Abstract:  This paper explores the relationship between the tournament incentives of pension fund managers and the characteristics of equities they choose to hold. Using a comprehensive data set on pension fund portfolio holdings, we determine the intensity of fund manager tournaments by sorting pension funds into portfolios based on the number of concurrent managers each pension fund employs. We then investigate which corporate characteristics are preferred by each of these portfolios by estimating share selection models that include a range of corporate characteristics that are expected to shape the returns to investment in stocks over the short and long run. We find that the intensity of the tournament faced by fund managers plays a significant role in shaping preferences over corporate characteristics. Managers facing more intense tournaments exhibit significantly weaker preferences for attributes associated with long run payoffs, such as social performance and growth potential, and significantly stronger preferences for short term attributes, such as operational efficiency, when compared to managers that face weak or no tournament incentives.     

Iterated VaR or CTE measures: A false good idea?

The purpose of this paper is twofold. Firstly, we consider different risk measures in order to determine the solvency capital requirement of a pension fund. Secondly, we illustrate the impact of the time horizon of long-term guarantee products on these capital. We consider a financial market modelled by a common Black–Scholes–Merton model. We neglect the mortality and underwriting risks by assuming that the pension fund is fully hedged against these risks, which allows us to keep understandable and tractable formulæ (the longevity risk will be a part of future researches). A portfolio is built in this market according to different strategies and the pension fund offers a fixed guaranteed rate on a certain time horizon. We begin with well-known static risk measures (value at risk and conditional tail expectation measures) and then we consider their natural dynamic generalization. In order to be time consistent, we consider their iterated versions by a backward iterations scheme. Within the dynamic setting, we show that solvency capital can be expensive and that attention must be paid to the safety level considered.     

The impact of OBRA on shareholder wealth

Market-return data and a multivariate regression model are used to investigate the impact of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 (OBRA) on the wealth of shareholders of firms sponsoring overfunded and underfunded pension plans during the period surrounding the passage of OBRA. Assuming semistrong market efficiency, a reduction in the pension insurance effect associated with the passage of OBRA was hypothesized to have a negative impact on the security prices of all plan sponsors. In general, the market reacted unfavorably to sponsors of both overfunded and underfunded defined-benefit pension plans when OBRA was introduced. However, the market reaction varied as a function of the funding-level change during the period preceding passage of the Act. Firm-specific financial variables were also used in a stepwise regression analysis to investigate whether selected financial variables could explain negative abnormal returns observed during the legislative period. We found that earnings per share and the short-term debt-coverage ratio explained up to 19.4% of the negative abnormal returns for the underfunded sample. However, no significant explanatory variables were identified for the overfunded sample.