我国评估服务市场信息不对称问题探讨北大核心

从目前我国评估服务不同主体之间信息不对称的现象出发,从评估服务特点、市场信息系统不健全、行业监管不力和法规缺失等方面分析我国评估服务市场信息不对称的原因,认为信息不对称现象会有交易成本上升、不公平交易、逆向选择和产生道德风险等影响,从而提出治理我国评估服务市场信息不对称的思路与建议。     

供应链管理视角下我国农产品流通中信息服务模式研究

当前我国一些农产品在流通中出现了供给不平衡、价格波动幅度较大等问题,严重地影响了我国市场经济秩序和居民的日常生活,这背后有着复杂的原因,但笔者认为农产品在流通中的信息不对称、信息服务模式落后是其中重要的原因之一。基于供应链管理研究的视角,对农产品流通中政府主导式信息服务模式、消费者需求式信息服务模式、市场组织机构式信息服务模式、农产品供应商信息服务模式、供应链式信息服务模式进行比较研究,并提出了构建农产品流通中供应链式信息服务模式的对策。     

我国医疗费用不合理上升的原因探析——基于信息不对称视角

当前,医疗费用已经成为我国最受关注的社会问题之一。医疗费用不合理上升在给政府财政和人民带来沉重的经济负担的同时,也造成社会医疗资源的巨大浪费。在医疗市场中,医患双方信息不对称是其最大的特点。信息不对称是指在市场交易中双方拥有的信息不同,继而会导致道德风险和逆向选择的发生。由于逐利性,医患双方各自利用自己的信息优势为自己谋取私利,导致出现医生诱导需求、患者道德风险以及医患合谋等行为,这是近年来我国医疗费用上升过快最根本的原因。从信息不对称的视角研究医疗费用的不合理上升问题,剖析医疗服务过程中的信息不对称现象,可以为下一步合理控制医疗费用和制定医疗服务市场管理制度提供理论依据。     

浅议以政府为主导的医疗服务供给模式的实现途径

医疗服务市场信息的不对称性是导致其市场失灵的主要原因。虽然有多种途径解决医疗市场信息的不对称,但是如何才能找到一条高效的矫正途径是各国都在探索的问题。因此,笔者将在本文中试图对以政府为主导的医疗服务供给模式的实现途径做以下分析和探讨。     

医疗保险运行中的医疗服务管理问题

由于卫生服务过程中存在着信息不对称、代理消费、需求价格弹性小等特点,使卫生服务市场成为供方主导的市场,医疗服务供给方的偏好、倾向和决策决定了需方在卫生服务过程中的选择。     

信息不对称下关联交易信息披露问题探讨

信息不对称主要来源于内部信息和内部交易。目前,我国上市公司关联交易信息披露中存在着严重的信息不对称,制约了我国证券市场的发展。文章从加强外部监管和企业内部监督机制两方面提出了规范上市公司关联交易信息披露的对策建议。     

信息不对称下关联交易信息披露问题探讨

信息不对称主要来源于内部信息和内部交易.目前,我国上市公司关联交易信息披露中存在着严重的信息不对称,制约了我国证券市场的发展.文章从加强外部监管和企业内部监督机制两方面提出了规范上市公司关联交易信息披露的对策建议.     

医疗市场信息不对称问题:美国的经验及其对我国的启示

信息不对称是医疗服务市场的基本特征。信息不对称所引起的医疗乱收费问题是导致我国医疗费用过快增长的原因之一。以信息不对称问题的应对为出发点对美国上世纪80年代医疗体系的变迁加以考察,对于我国当前医疗体制改革有如下启示:一是处方管理在解决医疗市场信息不对称问题上起着关键性的作用;二是在基本条件存在巨大差异的情况下,能否实行第三方支付需要深入研究。鉴于现阶段我国还面临诸多条件限制,能否依靠引入医保机构形成第三方购买发挥作用值得认真考虑。但是,处方管理作为一个发展方向,政府应当发挥主导作用,组织医疗专家做好基础性工作,并积极营造外围条件。     

经济危机视角下的会计改革探讨

本文认为,经济危机与交易信息的不对称有着内在的必然联系;交易信息至少要包括商品的使用价值信息、成本价格信息和交易能力信息,其中绝大部分是会计信息或者与会计活动相关的经济信息。所以,完善会计核算制度、改进会计信息披露模式、重建会计监管体制是防范经济危机不可或缺的长久之计。     

进一步加强对定点医疗机构的管理

卫生服务过程中存在着信息不对称、代理消费、需求价格弹性小等特征,使卫生服务市场成为供方主导的市场,医疗服务供给方的偏好、倾向和决策决定了需方在卫生服务过程中的选择,患者对于医院和医生的行为不具备必要的制约力量。这一现实在客观上对规范供方行为和防范费用风险提出     

The revelation of information in strategic market games: A critique of rational expectations equilibrium

We criticize the R.E.E. approach to asymmetric information general equilibrium because it does not explain how information gets ‘into’ the prices. This leads to well-known paradoxes. We suggest a multiperiod game instead, where the flow of information into and out of prices is explicitly modeled. In our game Nash equilibria (N.E.) (1) generalize Walrasian equilibria to asymmetric information, (2) exist generically, (3) eliminate pure speculation, (4) allow prices to reveal information and markets to become more efficient over time, (5) are consistent with the weak efficient markets hypothesis that tracking past prices is not profitable, (6) yet always lead to higher utility for better informed agents (such as experts). Throughout the paper we use one concrete game. In the last section we prove that there is a broad range of games that would have the same properties.     

The asymmetric effect of crude oil prices on stock prices in major international financial markets

The aim of this paper is to explore the potential asymmetric impacts of positive and negative shocks in crude oil prices on stock prices in six major international financial markets which include China, Hong Kong, America, Japan, Britain, and Germany. We test for these asymmetric effects on 8 major international financial markets indices over the 2007M01–2020M03 periods. Our independent measures include the prices of Brent crude oil futures and West Texas Intermediate (WTI) futures. We use the nonlinear ARDL (NARDL) model proposed by Shin et al. (2014), which can capture both short- and long-run nonlinearities through positive and negative partial sum decompositions of the explanatory variables. This research finds that positive and negative fluctuations of oil price have asymmetric effects on stock price index in four financial markets, but the performance of the asymmetry is different. Specifically, the impacts of volatility in oil prices on two indices of Chinese stock prices are different, and the asymmetric effects of oil price volatility on stock price indices in China and other financial markets are significantly different.     

基于计量回归模型的我国医疗服务价格规制效果实证分析

当今中国老百姓"看病贵、看病难"的问题受到了社会各界广泛关注,其中医疗服务市场的核心因素——医疗服务价格直接决定了医疗费用高低和医疗服务利用程度。医疗服务价格规制政策不合理或国家对医疗服务规制不到位是造成目前我国医疗服务市场突出问题的重要原因。本文根据我国基本国情,采用最新的二手数据构建计量回归模型,并在多元回归分析中使用了Prais-Winsten AR(1)迭代法。通过实证的方法证明了医疗服务价格规制是影响医疗费用的重要因素,并得出价格规制出现了内部结构性扭曲的结论。     

Regulating Public Utilities

In many parts of the world governments are privatizing their telecommunications, gas, electricity and water and sewerage services. To prevent monopoly abuse regulatory systems are being introduced, many based on the UK model. Since 1984 the UK has privatized its major utilities and established dedicated regulatory offices to police prices, investments and service quality.

Privatization combined with regulation is premised on the view that by controlling the activities of private monopolies and by promoting competition wherever feasible, efficiency of service delivery can be improved and prices to consumers reduced. This article reviews the UK experience and outlines the lessons for other countries when designing or reforming their regulatory structures.     

Arbitrage and price revelation with asymmetric information and incomplete markets

This paper deals with the issue of arbitrage with differential information and incomplete financial markets, with a focus on information that no-arbitrage asset prices can reveal. Time and uncertainty are represented by two periods and a finite set S of states of nature, one of which will prevail at the second period. Agents may operate limited financial transfers across periods and states via finitely many nominal assets. Each agent i has a private information about which state will prevail at the second period; this information is represented by a subset S_i of S. Agents receive no wrong information in the sense that the “true state” belongs to the “pooled information” set ∩_iS_i, hence assumed to be non-empty.Our analysis is two-fold. We first extend the classical symmetric information analysis to the asymmetric setting, via a concept of no-arbitrage price. Second, we study how such no-arbitrage prices convey information to agents in a decentralized way. The main difference between the symmetric and the asymmetric settings stems from the fact that a classical no-arbitrage asset price (common to every agent) always exists in the first case, but no longer in the asymmetric one, thus allowing arbitrage opportunities. This is the main reason why agents may need to refine their information up to an information structure which precludes arbitrage.     

Quality incentive contract design in government procurement of public services under dual asymmetric information

In the process of government procurement of public services (GPPS), adverse selection and moral hazard caused by dual asymmetric information can damage public interests and negatively affect the quality of public services. To improve the quality of GPPS, in this study, quality incentive contract models under the condition of dual asymmetric information are designed. These models are based on the optimal incentive contract model in principal–agent theory. The results show that under dual asymmetric information conditions, incentive contracts designed for a continuous type of service capability can identify and stimulate the service abilities of social organizations.     

应用缓冲储备模型实证检验我国居民的储蓄行为

通过应用缓冲储备模型，实证检验我国居民的教育、医疗、住房等开支的不确定性与储蓄之间的相关性，我们发现，我国居民的预防性储蓄行为不仅显著，而且以目标储蓄率为被解释变量的模型，能够比以储蓄水平为被解释变量的模型更好地解释我国居民的“预防性储蓄”动机。建立完善的医疗保障体系、改革教育体制是降低我国巨额储蓄的必经之路。     

掘金医疗旅游

600万人次、1000亿美元,这是用来形容全球医疗旅游市场年服务量的一组数字。但是,这与中国无关。中国有着全球顶尖的医疗设备,有着比肩欧美的医疗技术,但囿于公众"看病难"的困扰,各级政府和大型医疗机构均只顾低头看病,无暇参与国际竞争。可以预见的是,随着欧债危机的加重,欧美国家会有越来越多的患者选择他国高性价比的医疗服务;而以中国为代表的新兴经济国家,富裕阶层日趋壮大,逐渐瞄向海外的高端医疗服务。     

论在高校社区进行中医医疗服务的可行性

随着新医改的深入,高校社区中医药服务是必须的也是可能的。坚持开展中医特色的高校社区卫生服务工作对弘扬祖国医学、促进高校社区卫生服务可持续发展,提高高校师生员工的健康素质具有重要的现实意义;对丰富高校社区卫生服务的中医内涵,促进高校社区卫生服务向多元化方向发展也起到积极的作用。     

Volatility of exchange rate futures and high-low price spreads

This study explores the time-series behavior and the predictability of daily percentage changes in the Japanese Yen futures contracts. The relationship between currency futures volatility and high-low price spreads in the Japanese Yen futures contracts is examined. In addition, this study explores the issue of first- and second-order dependencies in the Japanese Yen futures contract prices changes, address the issue of asymmetric volatility, and examine the extent to which the information contained in the high-low price spreads can be used to predict future Japanese Yen currency futures contract price changes. The analysis is carried out using the EGARCH model. The volatility of the Japanese Yen currency futures price changes is adequately modeled by an EGARCH process and is predictable using information contained in the high-low price spread variables constructed in this study. This study also finds a positive and significant relationship between the spread variable and the conditional mean of price changes, suggesting that current information contained in the spread variable can be used to predict future Japanese Yen currency futures contract price changes. The hypothesis that volatility is an asymmetric function of past innovations is confirmed.