基于供应链管理的绿色施工

绿色施工是建筑业可持续发展的关键环节,是建筑企业提高竞争力的必然选择,但是绿色施工在我国的推行却遇到了很大的阻力。本文总结了我国绿色施工推行过程中所存在的问题,从管理层面上剖析了阻碍绿色施工推行的瓶颈,将供应链思想引入到设计和施工过程中,强调绿色施工不仅是生产环节与技术层面的问题,而是一个涉及从资源获取到最终产品交付使用全过程的系统问题,即建筑供应链问题,指出了供应链与绿色施工的联系,深入分析了供应链管理思想对推行绿色施工的重要作用。     

The “management‐per‐result” approach to international development project design

Results‐based management (RBM) has proved to be a valuable tool for international development project management; however, there are some inconsistencies that limit the use of RBM at the design phase to manage for results. This article presents a “management‐per‐result” approach to reinforcing the project design function of RBM and illustrates its application to a real‐life project. Shying away from a technocratic approach, it emphasizes a “quick‐and‐dirty” approach and proposes an updated version of the logical framework to include success criteria and factors and very rough estimates for both project costs and benefits for targeted project results for different types of projects (infrastructure development, “process” type of project, and so forth).     

福莆宁现代物流同城化发展研究

随着现代物流业的不断发展,全国各地开始谋划建设区域物流,解决物流业市场化、社会化、专业化等问题。文中以福州、莆田、宁德同城化为背景,通过对福莆宁现代物流发展现状进行分析,发现存在的问题,借鉴珠三角、长三角的区域物流一体化发展经验,提出相应的对策与建议,促进福莆宁现代物流同城化的健康发展。     

The experience of time in the inter-organizing inquiry: A present thickened by dialog and situations

Following in the footsteps of scholars view of organizations as organizing processes, this research focuses on the temporal dimension of organizing, more specifically, the temporal dimension of (re)organizing inter-firm cooperation. As such, in this article we suggest that by viewing organizing processes as inquiries in the pragmatist sense, one can shed light on the experience of how time unfolds within the contextual conditions of developing interaction. We stress two key characteristics of organizing inquiries: (1) they are situated, and this situation is the source of unexpected events, surprises and novelty and (2) they are dialogical, and the unpredictable dynamics of dialog also punctuate their temporal course. This framework is used in the participant observation of a strategic project in the French retail industry, whose aim was to redesign supplier–retailer relationships using a category management approach. The empirical data gathered demonstrates how the organizing process develops as a situated and dialogical inquiry, and how the past, the future and the “elsewhere” of a situation are rolled together into the ongoing experience of the present moment. Our conclusion summarizes the contributions of this study and suggests avenues for future research into organizing processes.     

Performance evaluation and prediction of the integrated circuit industry in China: A hybrid method

Since the “ZTE ban”, the development of the integrated circuit (IC) industry has attracted wide attention, especially in China. The performance evaluation and prediction of the IC industry is of great significance for promoting the development of this industry. In this paper, a hybrid method is proposed to study the performance of the IC industry from the perspectives of evaluation and prediction, which is unique as it evaluates the performance at past, current and future terms simultaneously. Firstly, a dynamic data envelopment analysis model is used to explore the performances of the IC industry between China and the United States from 2008 to 2017. Furthermore, in order to figure out the main sources of the inefficiency, the projection analysis is implemented based on the performance scores. Then, the grey model GM(1, 1) is employed to predicted the performance of China's IC industry from 2018 to 2022, so as to point out the progressive direction for the future development of the industry. The empirical results show that: (1) as far as performance is concerned, there is a significant gap between China and the United States in the IC industry during 2008–2017, among which the most obvious gap is occurring in “IC packaging & testing”, followed by “IC design” and “wafer fabrication”; (2) the primary cause of the low performance in China's IC industry is the redundancy of the inputs, especially in “IC packaging & testing”, and the redundancy problem of labour investment is found to be the most serious; (3) according to the predicted results, the IC industry in China will steadily increase in terms of the performance scores in general, and the performance improvement of “IC packaging & testing” is relatively obvious, while the other two categories have a slight range of growth. Finally, the policy implications of improving the performance of the IC industry are put forward.     

Issues in front‐end decision making on projects

The importance of the front‐end decision‐making phase in projects is being increasingly recognized—the need to “do the right project” is on a par with “doing the project right.” This area is underrepresented in the literature, but there are a number of key themes that run throughout, identifying key issues or difficulties during this stage. This article looks at some of these themes and includes: the need for alignment between organizational strategy and the project concept; dealing with complexity, in particular the systemicity and interrelatedness within project decisions; consideration of the ambiguity implicit in all major projects; taking into account psychological and political biases within estimation of benefits and costs; consideration of the social geography and politics within decision‐making groups; and preparation for the turbulence within the project environment, including the maintenance of strategic alignment.     

Towards a microscopic analysis of industrial innovations: From diffusion curves to technological integration through participative management

This paper traces the development of ever more microscopic analyses of the industrial innovation process and presents these as progressive stages in a gradual coming to terms with the real-life complexities of this process. Begining with the macroscopic, diffusion perspective inherited from rural sociology, it reveals how more user-centred models have emerged. The changing image of the user is traced from “passive adopter” to “managerial problem solver” and finally, to “innovative designer”. The paper then turns to the difficulties involved in understanding the nature of the firm's infrastructure and the implications it has for innovation management and industrial relations problems. Research in this area is identified as a crucial source of the new management tachniques that are required to solve the growing problems of resistance to technology implementation. A socio-psychological analysis drawing upon the concepts of the ethogenic approach is proposed and seen to recommend a participative management style similar to that used so successfully by the Japanese.     

The “I quit” syndrome

Managements, unions, and arbitrators have been plagued by a very simple but long-standing problem involving what might be termed a routine human resource action. The problem stated simply is: When is a quit a quit? Where employees are represented by a bargaining agent, the company cannot always be sure that a “quit is a quit.” It is clear that employers who do not understand the “I quit” syndrome are in an uncertain position with respect to handling such problems. The authors have also discovered that unions do not understand the “I quit” syndrome either and at times go to arbitration with all of its attendant costs when the employee has actually “quit.” The purposes of this article are to study how arbitrators have ruled, to establish the principles involved in this little-known area of union/management relations and to provide parties to such cases with information to guide them. Arbitrators have upheld grievances and reversed company actions often enough that there is a need to clarify what is a “quit” as well as a need to clarify what the rights are of both parties under the collective bargaining agreement. The authors found that many managements use the “I quit” syndrome as a substitute for disciplinary action. It is clear from arbitral decisions that it is best from the company point of view to allow the disciplinary system to handle problem employees. The authors also found that reasonable resignations by employees were upheld by arbitrators. If employers carefully handle and document employee resignations, the resignations will stand. Further, it is clear that employers must issue clear policy statements concerning resignations; this includes avoiding resignations under duress. Finally, parties to collective bargaining agreements need contract language defining a quit.     

Professional autonomy as a basis of conflict in an organization

Needed cutbacks in government and industry can lead to a situation where professionals have to operate where their autonomy is limited. How do they cope? Responses may include: “dubious” practice, the development and use of “simplified decision-rules,” “whistle-blowing,” reformism, and retreatism. Management can institutionalize a code-of-action that draws on the positive responses of the reformers and “decision simplifiers” and in this way better accommodate the need for both efficiency and professional integrity.     

Project Management Knowledge and Effects on Construction Project Outcomes: An Empirical Study

This study examines the relationships among the PMBOK® Guide, project performance, customer satisfaction, and project success by assessing the efficacy of management techniques, tools, and skills for implementing infrastructure and building construction. Experienced interviewees from private engineering firms and public agencies were asked to complete a questionnaire, and the responses were analyzed by means of a structural equation model. The analytical results indicate the appropriateness of prioritizing the practice of the PMBOK® Guide in the construction industry. This study contributes to the literature by providing insight into interactions among the PMBOK® Guide and construction project outcomes in engineering practices. Particularly, the “bidder's conference” and “procurement negotiations” are the priority techniques to minimize bidding and legal procurement problems. Moreover, the study recommends the use of “stakeholder analysis,” “communication requirements analysis,” and the “communication methods” to perform effective communication management. Although the conclusions are based on the sample collected in Taiwan, the research findings can be used by project managers and educators to tailor the PMBOK® Guide to their unique needs and to design effective training programs for construction specialists.     

The criticality of risk factors in customer relationship management projects

Customer relationship management (CRM) remains an area of considerable interest in contemporary project management literature, due to its association with high failure rates. This research examined the criticality of four risk factors. Quantitative data analyzed using PASW17 were collected from a sample of 250 CRM project practitioners. Although we found strong evidence to support the focus on these risk factors, which include “user training,” “top management support,” “business strategy and technology alignment,” and “effective project feedback,” the authors found that, although some risk factors may be identified as “critical,” their criticality is dependent on the context of the project.     

Understanding discontinuance: Towards a more realistic model of technological innovation and industrial adoption in Britain

The paper outlines the ideas and theory behind a recently begun research project. The project consists of an investigation of the complexities, and particularly the problems, inherent in introducing technological innovation into production systems in industry. The practical and theoretical need for work of this kind is examined and the character and focus of the proposed investigation sketched. The concept of “discontinuance” is analysed and seen to apply both to the cessation of innovation production by a supplier and the termination of innovation usage by an adoptor. Rogers and Shoemaker's (1971) division of adoptor discontinuance into “replacement” and “disenchantment” discontinuance is considered and reformulated using the terms “replacement adoption”, “negative changeover effects” and “regressive discontinuance”. Finally, a number of models both of innovation development and innovation adoption are considered, synthesized and revised. An initial framework for the comprehension of innovation development and adoption is sketched and some of the potentially important issues therein are highlighted.     

Transition towards and of sustainability—Understanding sustainability as performative

Our purpose is to explore the concept of “sustainability” when understood from a performative perspective, i.e. as a concept that is filled with meaning across time. Drawing on a 10 year-long study of the digital footprint of Stockholm Royal Seaport, claimed to be northern Europe's largest sustainable urban development district, we show that “sustainability” emerged as the project became associated with particular places, projects, histories, and technologies. This means that “sustainability” was local in that it was situated in the particular spatial context of the project; temporal in that it was situated in a particular time; and political in that it expressed particular values and perspectives. The study contributes to explaining why “sustainability” remains—and always will remain—a contested concept, which is why sustainability transitions are complex. Consequently, we suggest that the transition towards sustainability always involves the transition of sustainability, something that needs to be acknowledged in order for a transition to actually become sustainable.     

Disentangling preferences and limited attention: Random-utility models with consideration sets

This paper presents a model of choice with limited attention. The decision-maker forms a consideration set, from which she chooses her most preferred alternative. Both preferences and consideration sets are stochastic. While we present axiomatisations for this model, our focus is on the following identification question: to what extent can an observer retrieve probabilities of preferences and consideration sets from observed choices? Our first conclusion is a negative one: if the observed data are choice probabilities, then probabilities of preferences and consideration sets cannot be retrieved from choice probabilities. We solve the identification problem by assuming that an “enriched” dataset is observed, which includes choice probabilities under two frames. Given this dataset, the model is “fully identified”, in the sense that we can recover from observed choices (i) the probabilities of preferences (to the same extent as in models with full attention) and (ii) the probabilities of consideration sets. While a number of recent papers have developed models of limited attention that are, in a similar sense, “fully identified”, they obtain this result not by using an enriched dataset but rather by making a restrictive assumption about the default option, which our paper avoids.     

Project management systems: Moving project management from an operational to a strategic discipline

This article illustrates one aspect of the concept of “fit” between an organization's implementation of project management and its organizational context by exploring how the underlying drivers of an organization's strategy might influence not only the nature of the projects that it undertakes, but also the appropriateness of the arrangements that it makes to manage those projects. Using a model conceptualized from the literature on strategic management, an analysis of four organizations that have made significant investments in project management over the past 5 years supports the hypothesis that the degree of “fit” between an organization's strategic drivers of value and the configuration of its project management system influences the value it obtains from project management.     

EPC总承包项目资格预审评价模型研究

为了实现EPC项目资格预审评价的科学性、客观性和实用性,文章构建了EPC项目资格预审评价指标体系,用层次分析法确定各个指标的权重,并运用灰色关联分析方法将各投标单位分别与业主理想承包单位进行关联分析,按最终所得关联度的大小将各投标单位进行优劣排序,排名靠前的3-5家承包商将进入下一阶段的评审[1]。     

Interfirm Channel Relationships,Influence Strategies and Performance in China

Abstract

This paper empirically examines the relationship between inter-firm channel relationships, influence strategies and suppliers' performance. A survey of 103 foreign partners from Sino-foreign joint ventures in the food industry in China shows that channel relationships have a major positive effect on supplier's channel performance. While the influence strategy of “threats” is negatively related to supplier's channel performance and channel relationships, “suggestive litigation” has a positive influence on performance, on the contrary to findings in Western countries. Although a business relationship with an emphasis on “legal effect” is not desired on the part of distributors, it enhances channel relationships. The influence strategy of “request” as a Western phenomenon does not work well in China, and has an inverse effect on channel relationships. Implications for practitioners and researchers are discussed.     

Project management and high‐value superyacht projects: An improvisational and temporal perspective

This article considers specific elements of the project management of high‐value deliverables in an under‐researched sector. Specifically, it looks at ways in which change is accommodated in complex projects where scope, delivery, and cost are relatively inflexible. An emerging literature considers improvisational working within project‐based work, which dilutes the “plan, then execute” paradigm that has shaped project work for some time. This research contributes to the temporal and rhythmic aspects of work in this area, linking with extant theory on, among other areas, punctuated equilibrium and organizational “rhythm,” and identifies parallels between improvised project work and established academic theory.     

LAND MARKETS AND THE EFFECT OF REGULATION ON FORMAL-SECTOR DEVELOPMENT IN URBAN INDONESIA

Until recently, urban land and housing markets in Indonesia seemed to function well. Informal-sector development provided low-income housing affordably. Through government programs, formal-sector developers could build housing for all but the poor. Since 1989, however, daily conversation pictures land speculation as rampant and formal-sector housing as rising beyond the means of the middle class. Newspapers carry stories of conflicts between small landowners and large developers with government officials in between. This article investigates this situation by addressing two related questions: are urban land prices rising “too fast?”; how do land regulations and development practices affect costs, and who pays these costs? The article includes quantitative estimates of urban land prices, changes in urban land supply, movement of land through the permitting process, and the effect of development regulations on costs. Data come from a literature survey and interviews of some of the largest formal-sector developers in Indonesia. A principal finding concerns a development regulation called a “location permit” and the “social function” of land in Indonesian law. Although helpful as a means of assembling land in Indonesia's highly fragmented land markets, location permits allow formal-sector developers to hold land off the market and pay low prices to small landowners. Ultimately, the “social function” of land under Indonesian law holds down the price formal-sector developers pay for land, but not at the price at which they sell their product. The article concludes by proposing reforms to the regulatory process.