强化计量管理促进节能降耗

计量工作是企业管理的基础,只有依靠科学的能源计量手段和管理方法,促进节能降耗,才是提高企业竞争力的必然选择.要根据计量检测数据的分析,探索合理的改进方案,进行技术改造,就能够使能源得到最大限度的利用,为企业获取最大的经济效益.     

Line-drying versus machine-drying: energy consumption comparison

The purpose of this study was to determine the physical energy utilized in machine-drying and the human energy utilized in line-drying with a standard test laundry load in order to demonstrate the benefits of making a trade-off between mechanized energy and human energy utilized in drying laundry. Comparatively, only a small amount of metabolic energy was utilized in line-drying. Line-drying laundry over an extended period of time, along with similar trade-offs with other household tasks to use more human energy and less mechanized energy, would save energy resources and would contribute to physical health by increasing exercise levels. All data collection occurred at California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo.     

Measuring product market efficiency: A new methodology

This paper proposes a new methodology to measure product market efficiency. Our approach is based on the economic theory of product market equilibrium where consumers have incomplete information, and it allows quality to be multidimensional. We illustrate the methodology and compare it with other methodologies including the data envelopment analysis (DEA)-based procedure of Kamakura, Ratchford, and Agrawal (1988). The empirical results show that our model is robust to the precise distributional form of the disturbance term. In addition, our efficiency estimates are always equal to or lower than the DEA estimates of efficiency.     

克罗地亚海关：服务效率衡量法

海关服务效率的维度国际关系和经济的剧烈变化、新兴科技的发展和公民社会的强化,已经不可避免地改变了社会和公共服务的关系,也改变了公共部门的责任标准。在这种情况下,海关当局作为国际贸易和货物流动的相关规范操作者,接受了更多重要、复杂的任务：首先应促进国际贸易和运输便利化,提高通关速度;此外应管理与控制供应链,保护社会经济。这些任务和世界商业体系的现行流程要求海关组织结构具有更多的弹性与灵活性,而高质量地计划和实行组织变革也已成为海关长期成功的基本要素。     

联合国世界旅游组织:改善酒店业能源效率

测量能源消耗,碳足迹(也叫碳排放)和提供可持续的投资潜力是能源工具包E-toolkit的关键组件,该工具包可能对旅游部门产生开创性的影响,帮助酒店减少二氧化碳的排放量,同时增加商业利润。酒店能源解决方案(HES)生态工具包将在HES第二届年度会议上展示,并以‘一个创新的酒店能源工具包'为题在2011西班牙国际旅游交易会(FITUR)上亮相。(2011年1月20日,西班牙,马德里)     

Product differentiation and consumption efficiency in mortgage markets

This study evaluates the outcome of non-price competition in the UK mortgage market. Developing a novel application of data envelopment analysis, DEA, within the banking literature, this study finds evidence of high consumption efficiency. Employing cluster analysis, the study provides additional evidence that efficient mortgages are available for borrowers across a broad range of market segments. The study also shows that these beneficial aspects of non-price competition are only available to borrowers who select mortgages based on rational measures of price. The discussion closes with guidance for policymakers.     

Personal taste and family face: Luxury consumption in Confucian and western societies

East Asia is currently the biggest market for luxury and prestige brands from the West. This article examines the cultural factors that lie behind this phenomenon and, based on distinctions between Southeast Asian and Western cultures, explores how the practice of luxury consumption differs in these cultures. As part of this examination, self-concept theory is reviewed and integrated in a cross-cultural consumption model. Conceptual linkages between existing theories of materialism and conspicuous consumption are noted. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Measuring the unmeasurable: Setting standards for management performance

Goals need to be met as well as set. The problem comes in measuring such intangibles as service or management performance. But useful indicators do exist.Along the way the author proposes Odiorne's Law, “Things that do not change will remain the same,” and its corollary, “If you want things to be better, you probably will have to change something.”     

Environmental context in family resource management

Fundamental differences are described here between the environmental context of management within the private sphere of home and family, and management within the public sphere of government, political and business institutions. We articulate how management differs in the two spheres because of the unique rules and structural principles that govern each sphere, and because of the distinctive ends pursued in each sphere.     

粮食烘干机能降耗的途径

针对粮食烘干机的工作现状，提出了栉能降耗的各种有效途径，对于提高粮食烘干机的热效率具有重要作用。     

Changing family structures and childhood socialisation: a study of leisure consumption

Abstract

How children learn to function as consumers has been extensively reviewed in the consumer and marketing literature, although early childhood (5 to 7 years of age) has received relatively limited attention to-date. This study examines this process specifically in relation to the role of socialisation agents. It questions whether parents/guardians, who have traditionally been acknowledged as the primary socialisation agents, retain this influence in an era of changing family structures. Leisure-travel provides the context for review with children aged 5–7 the research population. Findings confirm parental influence to be pivotal across different family structures, but note that, in some structures and circumstances, this influence is shared, particularly with grandparents and the leisure industry. Future research opportunities include the need to examine this shared role further, to investigate leisure industry awareness and response to their influence and to investigate further the implications of social class and ethnicity upon the findings.     

Thou shalt not covet: Role of family religiosity in anti‐consumption

Anti‐consumption movements, as resistance or rejection of consumption, are opposed in nature to the values of materialism or the idea that possessions are essential to happiness. This article links one anti‐consumption practice, voluntary simplicity, to family religiosity by exploring whether parents' religiosity induces reduced levels of materialism in their children. Children aged 6–14 years and their parents in three secular and one religious school were surveyed, and data were analysed using structural equation modelling. Materialism was divided in four factors: money desire, shopping pleasure, possession pleasure and non‐generosity. Results show that parents with strong religious behaviours have children who exhibit less desire for money and less non‐generosity, but experience a higher shopping pleasure. The effects of parents' religious behaviours on children's materialism are both direct and partially mediated by school type (religious or secular). Religious values in the family environment may contribute to increased anti‐consumption lifestyles in following generations.     

Materiality and family consumption: the role of the television in changing mealtime rituals

This interpretivist study contributes to our understanding of how materiality mediates everyday family life by exploring the role of material objects in changing family rituals. We show how the television acts as an agent of cultural change when intermixed with family mealtimes. Our findings present a conceptual framework to explain the ways in which family life is altering across four key areas, namely: (1) mealtime settings and practices; (2) type of food consumed; (3) family structure and membership; and (4) family values and identity. This analytical framework illustrates how technologies such as the television mediate family relationships and how technologies become progressively more embedded in everyday practices. Revealing a transfer of mealtime practices from the formal environment into the informal environment, and vice versa, our study shows how mealtime rituals are altered and changed in form when mediated by the television, but not ultimately abandoned.