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1.
全球性税制改革的经验与教训   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
张文春 《经济经纬》2006,(6):115-118
20世纪80年代以来,税制改革风潮几乎遍及了全世界。通过对发达国家和发展中国家税制改革的研究和世界银行、国际货币组织的研究,为确定最佳税制改革方案将起到有益的借鉴作用。  相似文献   

2.
    
Land value tax has been thoroughly scrutinized as a potential tool in mitigating urban sprawl. However, most studies that have measured the impact of land value tax on land development have focused mainly either on purely new development on vacant land, or on land development on partially developed land such as subdivision development. This study tries to incorporate these two types of residential development conceptually and empirically to make an accurate assessment of the impact of land value tax on land development.  相似文献   

3.
选取增值税、营业税、消费税三大税种作为分析对象,考察税收与第一、第二、第三产业的相互影响。分析结论显示:(1)增值税与第二产业的互动有利于第二产业地位的不断提升;增值税本身对第三产业的兴旺没有显著影响,而第三产业的不断壮大却有可能降低增值税的增长速度。(2)营业税主要通过正向作用于第三产业而促进产业结构的不断升级;营业税还可通过第三产业间接作用于第二产业,表现为对第二产业具有非常微弱的制约作用。(3)消费税既可促进第一产业的发展,更可通过与第二产业的互动作用而促进第二产业的大力发展;目前消费税对第三产业的促进作用未明确显示出来。  相似文献   

4.
    
We measure the tax advantage of public firms over private firms, which operate at municipality level in the German household solid waste disposal industry. Public firms with sovereign duties pay no taxes, but equivalent private firms have to. In a simple risk-free setting, we develop a measure of the percentage difference of the charges of both types of firms demanded under their respective tax treatments. We model a cost-covering public firm and a net present value maximizing private firm. For sensible model parameters from the German waste disposal industry the private firm has to demand an about 16% to 18% higher charge. The by far biggest impact on the measure has the value added tax, with revenues as a much larger tax base than profits. Tax savings, which directly affect pre-tax profits, only alleviate the disadvantage bit. There is some evidence that at least one type of private firms—that is, private law firms that are also majority privately owned, are productive enough to overcome the tax advantage of public firms and be able to charge a lower price than public firms.  相似文献   

5.
增值税“扩围”改革面临的难题与对策研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
在我国增值税转型改革完成后,扩大增值税征收范围随之提上议程。增值税"扩围"涉及中央地方财政收入分享、国地税征管权限、税收征管能力、地方税体系、通货膨胀等诸多难题,能否破解这些难题对于稳步推进增值税"扩围"改革意义重大。破解增值税"扩围"改革面临的难题需循序渐进,分步推进;协调中央财政和地方收入的关系;变革税收征管机制;高度重视通货膨胀问题。  相似文献   

6.
土地增值税的征收应缓行   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
李力  周充 《财经科学》2007,(4):105-111
我国推行土地增值税已有十余年,但其运行效果并不理想.尤其是2001年以来土地一级市场的交易方式改为"招、拍、挂"后,土地增值收益已提前一轮完成分配,表现在房地产企业的实际情形就是大部分项目没有形成土地增值税税负.为此,房地产实业界和学术界对土地增值税的存在意义进行了激烈争论.本文在对土地增值税进行简单理论分析后,以成都市代表性楼盘以及成都市部分房地产公司的土地增值税税负水平为支撑,从微观和中观层面进行描述统计分析,再结合全国数据佐证本文基本结论--土地增值税应暂缓征收.  相似文献   

7.
The paper estimates inflation persistence in Greece from 1975 to 2003, a period of high variation in inflation and changes in policy regimes. Two empirical methodologies, univariate autoregressive (AR) modelling and second-generation random coefficient (RC) modelling, are employed to estimate inflation persistence. The empirical results from all the procedures suggest that inflation persistence was high till 1996, while it started to decline after 1997, when inflationary expectations seem to have been stabilised, and thus, monetary policy was effective at reducing inflation. Empirical findings also detect a sluggish response of inflation to changes in monetary policy. This observed delay seems to have changed little over time.
Sophia LazaretouEmail:
  相似文献   

8.
张华 《经济研究导刊》2009,(20):121-123
增值税转型造成了固定资产核算过程中,因固定资产购置时间不同和原购置时增值税的处理不同,从而使固定资产新增时增值税进项税、视同销售时销项税的处理发生了改变。购进用于非应税项目等的固定资产不允许抵扣进项税额;纳税人销售自己使用过的固定资产要区分不同情形征收增值税;纳税人已抵扣进项税额的固定资产用于非增值税应税项目,以及自制或购进固定资产发生非正常损失要在当月按原适用税率计算并转出不得抵扣的进项税额。通过增值税转型后固定资产核算特例,详细分析了增值税转型前后的变化与纳税影响。  相似文献   

9.
This paper examines the impact of import tariffs and tariff-replacing indirect taxes on the welfare of households grouped by the size distribution of income. A computable general equilibrium model for Bangladesh is simulated to examine the removal of quantitative restrictions and tariffs as well as the replacement of trade taxes with a value added tax (VAT). Import liberalization alone expands the manufacturing sector and increases the welfare of lower income households. If a uniform VAT is placed on both imports and all non-agricultural production in order to replace the lost tariff revenue for the government, some of the gains from import liberalization are diminished. If exports are exempted from the VAT, the gains are sustained to a greater degree. With a combination of tariff liberalization, quota markups, and the VAT, the economy goes through a contraction and the welfare of all households is reduced.  相似文献   

10.
增值税的国际比较与思考   总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17  
本文通过我国和国外增值税征收状况的比较分析, 针对我国现行增值税存在的问题和不足, 提出在小规模纳税人、征税范围、增值税类型的选择、税款抵扣与发票管理四个方面,可以借鉴国外成功经验和先进办法, 进一步对我国现行增值税税制加以改进和完善: 我国对小规模纳税人设定的税率偏高, 税率应在3 % —4 % 为宜; 为了使我国的增值税形成完整的课征体系, 应把那些与货物交易密切相连的服务业纳入征税, 并最终将农业纳入增值税的征税范围;应尽快实行消费型增值税; 对发票的管理可采用“以票管税、帐票结合”的方法, 强化责任制,建立省级发票稽核中心, 地、市建立分中心, 实现本地区范围内的稽核工作。  相似文献   

11.
A factor augmented vector autoregressive models with time-varying coefficients and stochastic volatility is used to constructing financial conditions index to explore the link between composite index of financial indicators and future inflation. Time variation in the models’ parameters allows for the weights attached to each financial variable in the index to evolve over time. A monthly data of Chinese CPI and a wide range of macroeconomic variables are adopted to construct FCI and the experiment result shows its good forecasting performance to inflation.  相似文献   

12.
根据国家统计局公布的2011年一季度CPI数据,前两个月皆为4.9%,三月份的CPI数据国内各银行的首席经济学家预测亦不低于4.8%,约为4.9%~5.2%,接近5%的峰值。较高的通货膨胀已对国内经济的发展和人民的生活水平产生较大影响,缓解通货膨胀已成为我国经济面临的最重要的问题。  相似文献   

13.
本文以2003—2018年中国上市企业数据为样本,从税种差异视角分析了增值税有效税率与企业所得税有效税率变化对企业固定资产投资的影响。研究发现,增值税有效税率与企业固定资产投资的关系依赖于宏观经济环境和企业税负转嫁能力。具体而言,在经济上行期或税负转嫁能力较强的企业中,增值税有效税率降低促进了企业固定资产投资增加。所得税有效税率与企业固定资产投资之间始终为显著负相关关系。所得税有效税率的降低可以通过增强企业内外部融资能力来促进其固定资产投资增加,特别是当企业债务风险相对较低时,所得税有效税率下降对固定资产投资的正向影响效果会随企业融资约束程度的上升而增大。本文分析在一定程度上说明了不同税种的税负变化对企业投资产生差异化影响,进而为减税助力企业投资提供了新的微观经验证据。  相似文献   

14.
伴随着人民币的升值,我国的通货膨胀率也大幅上扬,出现了不同于经济学经典理论的特征,主要原因是美元贬值、国际大宗商品价格上涨、我国外贸依存度逐年增高、对国际市场依赖性加深以及近年来我国快速增长的需求拉动了相关产品的国际市场价格。央行当前货币政策将把控制物价上涨、抑制通货膨胀放在更加突出的位置。在目前的环境之下,我国应采取人民币加速升值的策略。  相似文献   

15.
当前,中国特色的市场化道路步入了发展的快车道,粮食市场与宏观经济的相互关系也表现得更为复杂。本文尝试引入一种不基于任何函数关系假定前提的非线性检验模型,对1996—2008年间中国粮食价格与CPI的关系进行检验和解释,以期更为准确地理解和阐释两者之间的关系,为制定宏观经济政策,实现国家宏观调控目标,提供可资借鉴与参考的理论解释。本文的检验结果表明,中国粮食价格和CPI之间存在双向因果关系,但在时效和强度上存在较大差异。CPI对粮食价格有半年左右的显著影响,粮食价格对CPI仅表现为滞后1个月的短期效应。最后在给出理论解释的基础上,本文提出了相关政策建议。  相似文献   

16.
刘娟 《铜陵学院学报》2011,10(6):39-41,54
2011年11月1日实施的资源税改革将原油和天然气由原来的从量计征改为从价计征,税率均为销售额的5%-10%,其他的资源税税日依旧是从量计征。这次的资源税改革使社会上普遍关注资源税税改后导致的资源性产品价格上涨.进而对居民消费价格指数CPI产生很大压力。文章采用实证分析方法分析资源税是否会严重影响CPI,研究结果表明资源税对CPI影响不大。  相似文献   

17.
Trade openness is an important determinant of the inflation process. The effect of trade openness on inflation, however, is still an issue of debate at both theoretical and empirical levels. This study tried to provide a contribution to the literature by examining the relationship between inflation and trade openness in Tunisia over the period 1975Q1-2015Q4 using a nonlinear model. The originality of this study stems from the fact that it is the first investigation considering both the Residual-Based Tests for Cointegration in Models with the Regime Shifts and Threshold Regression model. The linear model confirms the existence of a positive relationship between inflation and trade in Tunisia. Yet, considering the nonlinear model, trade openness growth and Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation growth show a statistically significant negative link as long as the trade openness evolution does not exceed the threshold. Nevertheless, if the trade openness growth is higher than the threshold, integrating the trade positively affects CPI inflation. Furthermore, a positive influence of Money supply growth on this type of inflation was noticed in Tunisia in all the considered regimes proving the effect of monetary factors on inflation level. Consequently, trade openness could be used to control inflation in Tunisia.  相似文献   

18.
改革开放以来中国历次通货膨胀解析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
改革开放以来,中国出现的几次通货膨胀都与食品价格的上涨密不可分,尤其是政府投资的快速增长促使了原材料价格的大幅上涨,是导致通胀的主因。因此,应采取转变经济发展方式,促进市场发育和间接化宏观调控手段来治理通胀。  相似文献   

19.
EVA管理评价体系的优势与不足   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
EVA是一个比较新的管理评价指标,它有其他传统指标无法比拟的优势所在:可以真实反映企业的经营业绩;尽量剔除会计失真的影响;从股东角度定义企业利润;将股东财富与企业决策联系在一起;有利于企业内部财务管理体系的协调和统一等,当然它也有不容忽视的缺点:在部门间或企业间存在规模差异时失去决断力;导致经理的短期行为;无法解释企业内在的成长性机会等。所以,我们必须对它有一个比较清醒的认识,以求在实践中更好的改进、提高与应用它。  相似文献   

20.
通货膨胀时期的税收效应解析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
安福仁 《财经科学》2006,(4):104-110
通货膨胀是一种经济现象,一旦通货膨胀发生,它会对经济生活产生多方面的消极影响,对政府税收产生多重效应,使政府的所得课税、产品课税、储蓄课税等,都会产生通货膨胀效应,导致税收分配格局的改变.当通货膨胀发生时,政府必须调整相应的税收政策,消除通货膨胀对税收的影响,这是建设和谐社会的客观要求.  相似文献   

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