略论新中国公民政治参与的发展与变迁

公民政治参与是当代世界各国政治民主化进程的一个重要标尺。新中国成立60年来,伴随着社会主义经济的改革与发展,我国公民政治参与也经历了曲折的三个阶段。特别是改革开放以来,公民政治参与的主体、领域、意识、手段都发生了变化,从这些表面变化中可以透视其内在的嬗变：从革命型、动员型、激情化向建设型、自主型、理性化转变。未来中国,公民政治参与还将不断完善。     

网络政治参与中存在的问题及其对策研究

网络政治参与是信息时代出现的一种新的政治参与方式,正在成为政治参与主体行使民主权力、促进政治发展和政治文明建设的重要组成部分。但网络政治参与中存在一些问题严重阻碍了我国民主政治建设的进程。主要从这些问题出发,通过对问题的成因进行研究,有对应性地提出解决的方法,对于促进网络政治参与的健康发展,建设社会主义民主政治建设具有重要的理论意义。     

从农村参与走向城市参与:农民工政治融入实证研究——基于昆明市2084份样本的问卷调查

农民工的城市融入已发展到政治参与及制度改革的关键时期。基于2012年对昆明市2084个农民工政治参与问卷调研数据,采取对数回归方法分析农民工政治融入的影响因素。农民工的政治参与开始从农村向城市转移,但城市参与度低于农村参与度,政治融入水平偏低;新生代、建筑业农民工的城市参与不足,精英农民工的政治融入需求凸显,亟待开辟制度化的参与途径提升其政治地位;对农民工的政治融入具有显著影响的是政治资本、社会资本与文化资本,而经济资本几乎没有影响。农民工政治融入的困境在于城市正式组织发展的滞后所带来的资本匮乏及参与不足。     

我国非营利组织政治参与的特征及途径分析

非营利组织政治参与指非营利组织试图影响政府政策过程的活动。非营利组织政治参与具有参与议题广泛性、参与目标非营利性、参与行为公开和主动性、参与客体多元且与知识分子关系密切等特征。非营利组织政治参与的途径有滞￡供相关信息和政策建议;私人接触;直接代表;提起行政复议和诉讼;参加听证会;举办学术会议、座谈会、论坛;出版期刊、杂志、报纸;联盟游说;组织连署活动;借助新闻媒介;借助国际力量;抗议和暴力对抗活动等。     

新农村建设影响因素分析

新农村建设对于构建和谐社会意义重大。要减少城乡分治的二元结构,现行的土地制度及农民自身局限性等因素的影响,需进一步发展农村经济和教育事业,培育新型农民。     

中国民营企业家参政议政与企业规模—效益分析

本文检验了民营企业家参政议政与企业发展路径的关系,企业是选择做大规模还是提高效益?实证结果发现,民营企业家借助参政议政这种战略资源,企业规模首先实现快速扩张,总收入有显著增长,而反映企业变强的效益指标,则在规模扩张两年之后显著超过对比组,其中国家级政治身份样本显著.本文深化了对中国民营企业家参政议政的实证研究,发现了中国民企借助参政议政等资源,通过规模的快速扩张实现盈利能力增强的发展逻辑.     

How does historical trauma affect political participation? Evidence from the send‐down movement in China

Taking advantage of China's send‐down movement as a natural experiment, we investigate how experiencing a political movement during adolescence affects political participation decades later. Using data from the China Family Panel Survey and the regression discontinuity design, we find that the send‐down experience significantly reduces individuals’ political participation, measured by their participation in community committee elections, time spent on community service activities and how much they care about public news. Further analysis suggests that the send‐down experience negatively affects political participation through poorer mental health and less trust in local government.     

论当代社会的网络政治参与

网络深刻地影响和改变着人类社会,也影响和改变着人类政治生活的范式和政治参与方式。随着网络技术的发展,网络政治参与呈现出与传统政治参与相区别的诸多特点。新的政治参与主体、多元的政治信息来源、多发的政治参与触发点、复杂的参与动因、新的作用机制,使得网络时代的政治参与不仅获得了全新的参与手段和工具,而且以全新的理念和全新的作用方式进行。     

年级差异下的大学生政治认同路径探析——以福建省为例

对福建省高校大学生政治认同实证研究,以年级为微观变量,从政治制度认同、执政党认同、社会关注与参与度三方面开展交叉分析。研究发现大学生的政治认同随着年级的递增而存在一定程度的弱化现象,并且不同的年级呈现不同的差异性。为此要积极推动高校思想政治教育,弘扬校园主流文化,规范党员发展程序,拓宽分类指导范畴,加强社会媒介的引导和管理,形成家庭、学校、社会齐抓共管的互动格局,以提升不同年级大学生的政治认同水平。     

From Schumpeterian Democracy to Constitutional Democracy

A critical issue of a constitutional democracy is to determine an optimal limitation of citizens' political liberties. This problem is analysed here within the framework of a parliamentary system of government, and in the context of Rawls' principle of equal political participation. It is argued that optimal barriers to entry into political competition are a function of the legislative decision rules, the domain of collective choices, and the rules for selecting (and dismissing) the executive. Contrary to Schumpeter and Riker who rejected populism (the approach that public policy should be a result of citizens' preferences), we argue that it is possible to reconcile greater citizen participation and liberal democracy with an appropriate institutional design.     

中国网络民主发展问题研究

随着科技的进步,互联网技术发展日新月异,网络信息技术迅猛发展,其影响已经渗入到社会生活的方方面面,网络技术的应用也为全面突破传统民主形式的局限注入了新的生机,对民主建设有着不可或缺的作用和深远的影响。但是由于中国的网络民主仍然处在发展的初级阶段,其本身必然存在一定的问题。因此,通过对网络民主的定义、发展现状及存在问题加以分析研究,进而对中国网络民主发展的完善策略进行探讨。     

Do house prices affect campaign contributions?

Individual campaign contributions are the largest source of financing for U.S. presidential and congressional candidates, though the body of research examining why people give remains small. To help understand these decisions, we estimate the causal impact of house prices on donations across campaigns and parties using an instrumental variables strategy. Our results indicate that an increase in house prices increases ZIP code-level donations to Democratic presidential and congressional candidates, with minuscule or no effect for Republican candidates. The effects in areas with a greater proportion of renters are larger than areas with more homeowners. Since this population is likely to experience higher rents as a result of house price increases, this suggests that pleas for policy may inspire giving. Further, areas with the highest fraction of college educated residents also see the largest effects, when compared to less-educated areas, suggesting a wealth effect exists as well.     

The healthcare rationing debate: more clarity by separating the issues?

Summary

The rationing debate is often confused by dealing with several different issues concurrently. This paper introduces a typology and matrix that separate two of the most important of these issues: the transparency of the debate and the mode of rationing itself. The transparency of the debate is the need to think about how to deal with the following political issue: should the rationing of medical care happen tacitly and be left to the parties involved (implicit), or should it be open to public scrutiny and debate (explicit)? At the same time (but to be examined independently) there is the mode of rationing: how are the responsible parties to develop ways of allocating scarce resources? This can be achieved either implicitly, e.g. via clinical bedside reasoning, or explicitly, i.e. openly with the aid of rigorously developed and tested algorithms. Thinking about these issues separately may help to bring more clarity to the rationing debate. This paper also discusses some implications resulting from such a separation.     

The Competitive Advantage of Collaboration – Throwing New Light on The Nordic Model

ABSTRACT

In one of the most influential contributions to modern political economy, Hall and Soskice have launched a distinction between ‘liberal’ and ‘coordinated’ market economies, placing the Nordic countries firmly in the latter category. We argue that, while the H&S distinction may serve classificatory purposes, seeing the Nordic model in terms of ‘coordinated capitalism’ blurs the distinctive features of the Nordic countries’ success as productive and fair economies. We contend that the central formula behind this success lies in what we call the Nordic model’s ambidexterity – the capacity to combine collaborative and competitive elements and skilfully navigate between them. Using an interdisciplinary perspective (inspired by organisation theory, cultural semiotics and evolutionary analysis), we provide a conceptual basis for reinterpreting the Nordic Model as an ambidextrous combination of culturally rooted, collaborative strategies that are subsequently competitively exposed. The article illustrates the workings of this ambidexterity in three societal domains: work life (including female participation), resource management – illustrated by the Norwegian petro-economy – and international business management and regulation with a focus on CSR. In each case we will show how collaboration is intertwined with pragmatic competitive exposure, yielding high productivity, high welfare, as well as fair income and wealth distribution.     

Some preliminary evidence of the impact of the 2008–2009 financial crisis on women

Beginning in late 2007 and into 2008, a financial crisis originating in the United States spread throughout the world. This article seeks to present preliminary evidence of the impact of this crisis on female labour force participation and the proportion of females working in nonagricultural sectors. A panel data set involving 171 countries is utilized, and the results indicate that the financial crisis led to increases in female labour force participation as well as the proportion of females working in the nonagricultural sector. There are differences in impact for countries of various income levels (low, middle and high). In addition, female political power has also led to increases in the economic participation of females.     

思政课视阈下的大学生社会主义核心价值观培育机制研究

夕随着经济的发展,时代的变迁,我国大学生社会主义核心价值观培育机制已显落后僵化。思政课肩负着培育大学生社会主义核心价值观的重任,作为思政课教师有必要对其培育机制进行探讨和研究。