Effects of spatial density on veterinarian income: where are all of the veterinarians?

With increased numbers of veterinarians in the market, it is critical to understand how this increased competition affects income potential at multiple levels. This study presents an empirical approach that incorporates local and nonlocalised spatial competition of firms into one model. By analysing the market for veterinarians using a spatial weight matrix approach, we are able to quantify localized and nonlocalised competition which assists in defining relevant market areas for veterinarians. Specifically, increased density within their county and surrounding counties decreases veterinarian income. Thus, the potential market area for veterinarians is larger than the local/county market in which they practice. This is important for veterinarians when choosing a location to practice, as they must consider the competition and demand in local and non-local areas.     

我国区域金融对中小企业的影响研究--基于资金利用效率的空间视角

以中小企业为研究对象,在测算区域金融发展指数的基础上,利用空间计量模型对我国区域金融发展和中小企业资金利用效率的全局和局部空间自相关性进行检验;对比分析了我国大陆各省份金融发展和政府因素与中小企业资金利用效率之间的空间影响关系。结果表明,金融发展和政府因素都对中小企业资金利用效率存在显著的抑制作用,且政府因素对中小企业资金利用效率的影响大于金融发展对其的影响。     

Spatial income and public capital: a case of a Spanish region

The objective of this paper is to analyse major determinants of disposable per capita income at a local municipality level for a territory of Spain: the Valencian region. A cross-sectional spatial study for an averaged period (2010–2013) will allow us to control for intraregional correlation, paying special attention to the role of real public investment and its possible effects on disposable personal income. A reference framework for economic and social policymakers will be provided by the specification of the model.     

Regional clusters of innovative activity in Europe: are social capital and geographical proximity key determinants?

Finding proper policy instruments to promote productivity growth features prominently in the Europe 2020 strategy and is central in many national as well as European policy debates. In view of the increased mobility of high-skilled workers in Europe, ongoing globalization and increased interregional and international co-operation, location patterns of innovative activity may be subject to drastic changes. A proper understanding of location patterns of innovative outputs can enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of national and European placed-based innovation policies. Building on the literature on the knowledge production function, the aim of this article is to explain the observed differences in the production of innovative outputs across European regions. Our main research question is whether geographical proximity and social capital are important vehicles of knowledge transmission in Europe. Several other variables are used to control for structural differences across European regions. We find support for the hypothesis that both social capital and geographical proximity are important factors in explaining the observed differences in the production of innovative output across European regions.     

The Status of Econometrics in the Economics Major: A Survey

In this article, the authors describe the place of econometrics in undergraduate economics curricula in all American colleges and universities that offer economics majors as listed in the U.S. News & World Report “Best Colleges 2010” guide (U.S. News & World Report 2009). Data come from online catalogs, departmental Web sites, and online course syllabi. About one-third of the schools require econometrics of all students majoring in economics, about half require it of none, and a sixth require it of some, but not all, economics majors. Among universities with economics PhD programs and liberal arts colleges, almost all those ranked in the top 10 require it. Below the top 10, there is little correlation between ranking and econometrics requirements. Liberal arts econometrics classes are much more likely to require research projects than their counterparts in universities.     

中国人口出生性别比的空间计量分析

利用中国2000年人口普查数据中各省市的人口出生性别比数据,定量检验了经济、教育、医疗及计划生育政策等因素对人口出生性别比的影响。人口出生性别比在地理上存在集聚现象,空间地理因素对其影响显著;教育和医疗水平对出生性别比的直接影响较小,但它们会通过空间地理因素、经济和计划生育政策等因素间接影响出生性别比。计划生育政策对人口出生性别比的影响最显著。经济及医疗水平越高出生性别比越低,教育水平越高出生性别比越高,计划生育政策越宽松出生性别比越低。     

Downtown parking meter demand in a border metropolitan economy

Prior research establishes that the price of parking in the city centre often impacts the decision to travel downtown and the mode of transportation utilized. Other factors that influence the decision to drive and park downtown have received less attention. This study uses time series data to analyse the demand for metered parking spaces in El Paso, Texas, USA. In addition to meter rates, the determinants of demand include personal income, gasoline prices and the price of a substitute good, parking garage spaces. Because international bridges connect downtown El Paso to neighbouring Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico, the impacts of trans-boundary traffic flows, bridge tolls and other cross-border economic variables are also included as potential determinants of metered parking demand. Results indicate that parking meter rates, other transportation-related costs, and economic conditions in both countries affect meter use.     

中国省域城市化水平影响因素的空间计量分析

运用空间计量方法对2005年中国31个省级单位城市化水平的影响因素进行了实证分析.研究结果一方面证实了中国地区城市化发展存在空间依赖性,即一个地区城市化水平的提高将通过空间溢出促进周边地区的城市化发展;另一方面,我们发现产业结构的变化,尤其是第三产业的发展是影响地区城市化水平的主要因素.地区经济发展水平的提高和对外开放程度的加深对地区城市化水平提高有积极的作用,而教育水平滞后和城乡收入差距的扩大对推动城市化进程有负面的影响.     

Kay Hayward and Christine Vogel (Producers), America and the World Economy.

This lesson is designed to give students in a wide variety of undergraduate classes the opportunity to identify the problems inherent in analyzing imperfect data. Students are asked to analyze data, which the authors provide, from the Professional Golfers’ Association Tour to ponder the link between golfers’ skills in different facets of the game and their relative performances in certain tournaments. Selection issues are inherent in the data because of Tour policies regarding golfers’ tournament entry decisions. By the end of the lesson, students should better understand the importance of gaining institutional knowledge to improve the results of a study. Students are asked to mitigate the selection bias with the Heckman two-step procedure, a tool used in studies of labor, insurance, and education markets.     

Women business owners: a source of stability during the great recession?

During the period of the Great Recession, previous research has found that women-owned firms were less likely to lay-off workers than were firms owned by men. Given that the individual firm behaviour has a cumulative effect on regional economic performance, we expect greater stability across those regions with a larger share of women-owned and managed businesses. We test this hypothesis using US county data during the period from 2007 to 2013 at the US county level. Consistent with the findings of Matsa and Miller, our results suggest that regional economic stability increases with the share of women-owned and managed establishments.     

呼和浩特地区城镇体系工农业发展能力的异速生长分析

文章运用分形思想和系统科学理论对呼和浩特各旗县20余年工业总产值和农业总产值进行异速生长分析,发现各旗县之间在工业发展上存在较好的幂指数关系,而在农业发展上则存在明显的退化。通过系统结构的深入分析,揭示了呼和浩特市各旗县发展的基础和未来的发展潜力。在理论上为城镇体系异速生长的多指标分析建立了一个完整范例,在实践上则为正在进行的呼和浩特市城镇发展战略规划提供了科学依据。     

Your Place in Space: Classroom Experiment on Spatial Location Theory

The authors detail an urban economics experiment that is easily run in the classroom. The experiment has a flexible design that allows the instructor to explore how congestion, zoning, public transportation, and taxation levels determine the bid–rent function. Heterogeneous agents in the experiment compete for land use using a simple auction mechanism. Using the data that is collected, a bid–rent function is derived, and the experimental treatment is altered over the course of three sessions to uncover core concepts in urban economics. Moreover, this provides a tangible experience that can be used to help undergraduates relate to urban issues such as the steep rent gradient found around many larger colleges and universities.     

我国保险密度空间收敛的实证研究

文章运用空间计量方法分析了我国省际保险密度的空间相关性,发现我国省际保险密度在呈现出区域集聚特征的同时,全国趋同的趋势也在迅速增强.在运用三种空间经济计量模型研究了我国省际保险密度增长的收敛性后,发现空间误差模型是研究我国省际保险密度空间收敛性的合适模型,全国保险密度的收敛速度大约为1.5%.虽然加入WTO等对我国保险密度的区域集聚性与整体收敛性都带来了冲击,但整体收敛的趋势依然稳定,表明区域保险业发展水平会随着经济发展水平的趋同而趋同.     

对于若干警务实践的经济学思考

面对新时期、新阶段和人民群众对公安工作的新期待、新要求。要实现公安工作和队伍建设的跨越式发展,推动公安工作加速走向现代化,如何运用公共经济学理论分析和把握警务实践活动,已越来越受到广泛重视。通过结合公安实践工作及其所蕴涵的公共经济学原理,来探讨和解决公安工作中的实际问题,从而实现警务实践的效率优化,更好地服务于公安实践工作,是处于社会转型期下公安工作发展的一个方向,也是构建服务型公安机关的迫切要求。     

Why Excel?

Advanced Placement economics leaves thousands of high school students with a misleading impression of modern economics. The courses fail to cover key sources of growth and prosperity, including private ownership, dynamic competition, and entrepreneurship. The tools of public choice economics are totally ignored. Government is modeled as a corrective device available to impose ideal solutions. Market failure is covered, but there is no such thing as government failure. The macroeconomics course reflects the simplistic 1960s Keynesian view of stabilization policy. Time lags, incentive effects, secondary effects of budget deficits, and other factors that complicate effective use of stabilization policy are almost entirely ignored. In contrast, the 20 Voluntary National Content Standards in Economics of the Council for Economic Education illustrate what a balanced course in modern economics would look like.