中国金融发展对分类商品贸易竞争力的影响——基于1980年～2009年分类数据的实证研究

笔者基于国际贸易标准分类的一位数分类数据,使用协整方法实证研究了我国金融发展对不同行业外贸竞争力的影响作用.研究结果表明:我国各类商品外贸发展受金融深化的影响程度是不同的;资本、技术密集的商品类别受影响程度较高,而初级产品受价格和世界经济发展水平的影响程度较为显著;在所研究的9类商品中,有6类商品的外贸发展得益于金融深化进程.     

Does international integration matter for financial development in Africa?

This article analyses the links between international financial and trade integration and financial development in sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. It is based on a panel data set using methods that tackle slope heterogeneity, cross-sectional dependence and nonstationarity. The results do not point to a general direct robust link between trade and financial integration and financial development in SSA, once we control for other factors such as GDP per capita and inflation. The findings may be due to a number of factors including distortions in domestic financial markets, relatively weak institutions and/or poor financial sector supervision. We find some indication that financial integration is more important for financial development in countries with better institutional quality. Stronger scores in some measures of the quality of banking regulation and supervision are also linked to a positive association between integration and financial development in some of our results. Thus, African policy-makers should be cautious about expectations regarding immediate gains for financial development from greater international integration. Such gains are more likely to occur slowly and through indirect channels.     

金融市场发展与全球失衡:基于创新与生产的垂直分工视角

在20世纪90年代中期开始的新一轮全球失衡中,以中国为代表的发展中国家成为经常项目顺差的主角。同时,大量FDI从发达国家流向发展中国家,进而形成了发达的全球生产体系。基于全球失衡的上述特点以及在Antràs和Caballero(2007)水平分工模型的基础上,通过建立一个垂直分工模型,可以从国际分工视角为全球失衡问题提供更加坚实的微观基础。同时,模型把社会生产划分为创新和生产两个环节,并指出与生产活动相比,创新活动更加依赖外部融资,因此,金融发展程度更高的国家在创新活动上具有比较优势,而金融发展程度较低的国家则在生产活动上具有比较优势。而且,在进行国际交换时,创新成果和生产成果通常反映在国际收支账户中的不同项目上,因此,基于这种国际垂直分工的创新成果和生产成果的均衡交易将引起参与分工国家经常项目的失衡。     

国际金融危机下的新贸易保护主义以及应对

贸易保护主义的新形式下,资本主义国家通过发挥非关税壁垒的屏障功能、操纵货币汇率、使用行政和法律手段干预国际贸易,因此,新贸易保护主义具有名义上的合理性、形式上的欺骗性、手段上的隐蔽性等特点。政府应该加强宏观调控,发挥行业协会的协调监督职能,提升出口企业的市场主体功能以应对新贸易保护主义。     

Does financial development promote International trade?

Using China’s panel data of 30 provinces during 1990–2003, this paper attempts to explore a possible link between financial development and China’s foreign trade. Four indicators are used to identify the role of financial development, which capture both the scale and efficiency feature of China’s regional financial development. The effects of other variables are also investigated, including traditional factor endowments, foreign direct investment, infrastructure and institutional quality, etc. In general, the estimation results suggest that financial development has a quantitatively large and robust effect on China’s manufactured goods trade, among which the financial efficiency indicators play a more significant role in promoting manufactured goods trade than those scale indicators. Sensitivity estimations show that the effect of financial development on China’s total trade essentially differs from that on trade in manufactured goods.      

贸易垂直专业化之研究综述

对贸易垂直专业化与国际分工的研究,使标准贸易理论的研究视野由产品问分工扩展到产品内分工。对该领域研究的内容、方法与结论做了归纳,就贸易垂直专业化的发展趋势、理论模型拓展以及经济效应分析三个方面的问题加以系统评述。     

中国对外贸易与金融发展的互动关系特征及实证检验

文章运用Geweke因果分解检验和协整检验方法,就对外贸易与金融发展的因果关系、反馈份额等进行实证检验。检验结果表明:我国对外贸易与金融发展规模在长短期变动上均存在显著双向因果关系;与金融发展效率只存在单方向长期因果关系;而与金融发展完善指标不存在显著的因果关系。从总体反馈份额看,可以认为我国对外贸易与金融发展目前呈现出对外贸易带动金融发展为主导的"需求尾随"的互动关系,体现了对外贸易先发的核心地位。     

国际贸易的内生化新体系:新兴古典贸易理论

新兴古典经济学派从消费者与生产者的统一出发,构建了贸易产生的内生化新体系。该体系拓展了国际贸易的新理论建构,以专业化与分工为基础,引进外生交易费用、内生交易费用、市场组织与层系等参数,可使得国际贸易在经济中的产生内生化,并由此形式化贸易的发展历程,为国内贸易与国际贸易建立统一的基础,克服以新古典经济学为框架的传统国际贸易理论中国际贸易与国内贸易具有不同基础的理论困难,提供了国际贸易理论的全新思路,对21世纪全球市场的形成与发展具有重要的启示意义。     

从中美贸易差额观察我国经常项目失衡

对我国经常项目的持续顺差的解释一般是从人民币汇率低估、国民高储蓄率、大量FDI流入和过分优惠的对外资政策等方面来进行.本文认为在这些因素后面的一个共同原因是我国金融体系的不发达.在从理论上和国际经验上对金融发展和经常项目之间的关系进行说明后,本文进一步研究了我国不发达的金融体系对经常项目顺差影响的具体机制,并认为只有深化金融体制改革,大力发展我国金融业才能促进内外经济的和谐发展.     

Financial deregulation,credit allocation across sectors,and economic growth: evidence from China

This paper investigates whether financial deregulation causes economic growth through financial development. Financial development is measured by two channels: (1) changes in the allocation of credit across sectors, and (2) changes in savings and investment rates. We measure financial deregulation in China at the provincial level from 1981 to 1998. Our results suggest that financial reform causes economic growth in China. Further, its effect largely comes through the reallocation of credit across sectors, rather than changes in savings and investment rates.     

二海构建国际金融中心的发展战略研究

上海国际金融中心建设是国家战略的重要组成部分;金融是现代经济的灵魂和核心,金融中心是当代国际竞争的战略高地,上海建设国际金融中心是国家战略与自身优势合理组合的体现;上海的国际金融中心建设和国际航运中心建设缺一不可,相辅相成;最后本文结合上海的现状对上海建设国际金融中心提出了五种发展战略。     

Trade and the Transmission of Technology

This paper integrates earlier studies on the link of productivity and research and development (R&D) in different industries of a closed economy with the more recent emphasis on R&D-driven growth and international trade in open economies. In this framework, technology in the form of product designs is transmitted to other industries, both domestically as well as internationally, through trade in differentiated intermediate goods. I present empirical results based on a new industry-level data set that covers more than 65 percent of the worlds manufacturing output and most of the worlds R&D expenditures between 1970 and 1991. The analysis considers productivity effects from R&D in the domestic industry itself, from R&D in other domestic industries, as well as in the same and other foreign industries. I estimate strong productivity effects both from own R&D spending and R&D conducted elsewhere. The contribution of R&D in the industry itself is about 50 percent in this sample. Domestic R&D in other industries is the source of 30 percent of the productivity increases, and the remaining 20 percent are due to R&D expenditures in foreign industries.     

Linder Revisited: Trade and Development in the Spanish Economy

The literature has tended to treat Linder’s hypothesis with excessive simplicity given the absence of any formalization for this intuitive theory on trade potential in manufacturers, closely related to the intra‐industry trade paradigm. Against this background, in this paper we first propose a complete empirical model of bilateral trade containing all the determinants suggested by Linder, with special emphasis being placed on non‐homothetic preferences, national income distribution, international economic convergence and geographic distance. We then test the model in an appropriate case, namely that of Spain during the period of its economic transition running from approximately 1959 to 1986. This period was characterized by increasing openness and structural change, as well as by convergence until that country’s integration into the then European Economic Community. The results confirm the importance of the characteristics of internal demand, essentially of income distribution and non‐homothetic preferences. We find that trade horizons delimited by bilateral proximity in development and geographical distance, together with multilateral convergence in economic development are the main indicators for selecting trade partners as markets and suppliers, thereby reinforcing the idea that foreign markets can be considered as an extension of the national market.     

金融服务业发展模式及经验研究——兼论对河北省的启示

金融服务业的发展是金融资源集聚与扩散的过程和结果。金融服务业的发展模式有两种：一种是市场反应模式;另一种是政府引导模式。从国际经验来看,金融服务业的发展需要快速增长的经济、优越的区位条件、金融人才的聚集、完善的基础设施、宽松的金融环境与优惠政策等条件。河北省应借鉴国际经验,完善现行金融发展政策。     

我国对外贸易的现状、问题与对策

改革开放以来,我国对外贸易获得巨大发展。现阶段继续发展对外贸易面临贸易条件恶化、反倾销诉讼和技术壁垒等障碍,因此我国要不断改善我国对外贸易的产品结构和地区结构,提高外贸产品质量,以进一步扩大对外贸易。     

人民币汇率对我国对外贸易结构的影响分析

作者利用贸易特定化系数衡量了我国2005年7月21日人民币汇率形成机制改革之后的对外贸易结构，结果显示随着人民币汇率的爬行式缓慢升值，我国大部分资源密集型商品的净出口减少，劳动密集型商品和资本、技术密集型商品的净出口增加，竞争力增强，进出口商品的贸易结构得到优化。因此，进一步完善人民币汇率形成机制，推动人民币汇率稳步升值对我国进出口商品贸易结构是长期利好的。