From real estate to consumption: the role of credit markets in the USA

The aim of this article is to test whether the credit market conditions affect the strength of transmission of real estate wealth effects on household consumption in the US economy. Although many different works have dealt with the analysis of the existence of a real estate wealth effect, most of them as a reaction to the dramatic increase of housing prices in several OECD countries, there are only few papers analysing whether the consumption response depends on the positive or negative sign of the wealth shock and, as far as we know, none of them takes the effects of credit market conditions on that asymmetric response into account. This article tries to fill the existing gap in the literature on this matter. From an econometric perspective, we estimate the asymmetries in the consumption response within the momentum threshold autoregressive model (M-TAR) proposed by Enders and Siklos (2001), but following Stevans (2004), it is applied to a multivariate framework. The main results show that the credit market conditions play a significant role in the transmission of changes in real estate wealth to consumption. In addition, we find that there exists an asymmetric behaviour in the US aggregate consumption spending responses to real estate wealth and credit market shocks, which is only significant when a negative shock takes place.     

房地产融资渠道多元化探析--基于我国金融信贷与房地产融资的实证分析

房地产业的发展是我国经济增长的稳定器。本文从研究目前我国房地产金融调控措施出发，通过回归和关联分析阐述金融信贷对房地产业发展的互动关系，并探析房地产融资的多元化渠道，进而提出完善建议，对促进房地产业健康发展具有重要意义。     

Impact of environmental information disclosure and real estate segments on cost of debt: Evidence from the Chinese real estate industry

The novel part of this paper is to examine the individual and joint effects of the real estate segments (RETs) and environmental information disclosure (EID) on the cost of debt (COD) in the real estate industry in China. Building on extant literature, using 1,250 firm‐year observations from 2006 to 2016 and applying both Feasible General Least Squares and Two‐stage Least Squares Instrumental Variable approaches, we provide evidence that the commercial RET leads to an increase in the COD, while EID leads to a decrease in the COD. The joint effects of the RETs and EID on the COD indicate a significantly positive relationship with the COD. This signifies that even with the increased levels of EID in commercial real estate sectors, its COD is higher than for residential real estate sectors. These findings have important policy implications for environmental risk assessments for real estate sectors, their lending institutions and wider stakeholder groups.     

投资性房地产准则应用疑难及解决办法

随着新企业会计准则的实施,《企业会计准则第3号——投资性房地产》首次出现在我国会计准则体系中,这是我国会计准则与国际会计准则趋同的一个鲜明体现。但同时,投资性房地产会计准则应用中也暴露出一些问题,需要我们进行全面深入的分析和研究。     

淮安市房地产投机度测量研究

选取城镇居民人均可支配收入、短期贷款利率、房地产价格实际增长率这三个影响房地产价格的主要因素,建立房地产投机度检验模型,运用e-views软件对淮安市房地产投机度进行回归分析,进而以此判断淮安市房地产市场的投机度是否严重,以期为相关部门制定房地产政策提供一些参考。     

The location analysis of real estate project development

Under the new situation of the macroscopic readjustment and control of the housing policy as well as the transformation of individual consumption ideas, this article has carded on the analysis on the housing location theory and its impact factors, and then emphatically pointed out the important impact of the housing location factors in the development of real estate project on urban development area and the built-up area＇s construction according to the theory, and it is expected that the developer of real estate project may benefit from the new background.     

关子加强房地产企业财务管理的构想

房地产企业作为资金密集型的高风险行业，面临激烈的市场竞争。房地产企业必须加强财务管理，并带动企业管理水平的全面提高，实现投入产出、速度与效益的最优化。本文重点论述了现阶段房地产企业财务管理的特点，从4个方面提出了加强房地产企业财务管理的具体构想。     

Foreign investments in real estate,economic growth and property prices: evidence from OECD countries

The last two decades have witnessed a growth in foreign direct investments (FDI) in the real estate sector in most of the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) countries. It is argued that FDI in the real estate sector may improve economic growth in recipient economies. On the other hand, property prices have increased considerably in OECD countries in recent years and some argue that FDI in real estate is one of the driving forces of high property prices in these countries. The purpose of this study is to analyze the interrelationship between FDI in the real estate sector, economic growth, and property prices while controlling for interest rate and inflation. We use observations from a set of OECD countries for the period between 1995 and 2008. The dynamic interrelationship is analyzed by applying a panel cointegration technique. Our empirical results show that FDI in real estate do not cause property price appreciations and also do not contribute to economic growth in OECD countries in the short run and the long run.     

Dynamic modelling of real estate investment trusts and stock markets

Taiwan launched the first case of real estate securitization in 2005. The interrelationship between Taiwan Real Estate Investment Trusts (T-REITs) and the aggregate equity markets and segmented industries has drawn the interests of both investors and academia. This paper employs Toda and Yamamoto's (1995) procedure and the generalized impulse response approach to uncover the extent and the magnitude of the relationship between T-REITs and aggregate and segmented stock prices. We collected daily data of the first two issued T-REITs, Fubon No.1 and Cathay No. 1, from March 2005 to March 2010 and October 2005 to March 2010, respectively, to examine their causal relationships with aggregate stock markets, the financial sector, and the construction sector. The empirical results indicate that all variables have break points, reflecting shocks from the Subprime Mortgage Crisis or deregulation of the Qualified Domestic Institutional Investors (QDII) for Mainland Chinese to invest in Taiwan. We also discover that an individual T-REIT may lead or lag behind stock price indices due to its capitalization scale or business type. The transitory initial impacts of innovations in T-REITs on stock price indices are observed herein.     

政府管制与房价持续上升

本文认为房价持续上升的原因是政府对房地产市场的资本进入限制。消费者对住房的需求旺盛。拉高了房价，房地产公司的利润丰厚。问题是房地产公司为什么能一直保持丰厚的利润？其原因就是政府对房地产市场的资本进入限制所造成的房地产市场的垄断。本文比较了都存在信息不对称性的家庭装修市场和房地产市场不同的市场结构，不同的发展结果。最终得出结论：只有房地产市场的激励竞争才能解决房价持续上涨的根本问题．所以在强化政府这只看得见的手的作用的同时，不要抑制了市场这只看不见的手的作用。     

Positive feedback trading and long-term volatility links: evidence from real estate markets of USA,Be/Lux and Switzerland

This article investigates the positive feedback trading strategies in the real estate markets of USA, Belgium/Luxembourg (Be/Lux) and Switzerland, linking these strategies with long-term volatility. The results are in favour of a positive feedback trading strategy which negatively influences investors' risk-return position on real estate markets.     

浅析房地产泡沫的成因与危害

近年来,房地产市场持续火热,商品房全面热销,销售价格呈现较大幅度增长。而火爆的房地产市场也引发了有关房地产泡沫的争论。房地产泡沫的存在有利有弊,关键在于将其控制在适度的范围内,避免出现泡沫经济。因此,分析房地产泡沫的形成与危害,针对性提出了防止房地产泡沫的措施。     

Nonlinear integration of London and Amsterdam stock markets in the 1700s

The financial markets in London and Amsterdam were some of the first to develop. Using threshold autoregressive models, we use data on two commonly traded stocks in these cities to show that the joint behaviour of the prices is consistent with the theory of arbitrage in the presence of transportation costs. The results suggest that prices converged more quickly as the price difference between the two markets increased. We also show that the threshold estimates are consistent between assets and across time. These results provide some of the earliest evidence of nonlinear mean reversion in asset prices in geographically separate financial markets.     

我国直辖市信贷规模对房地产价格的影响研究

分析我国4个直辖市1999—2009年的面板数据,运用协整检验及误差修正模型,考察了房地产价格与信贷规模的长期和短期关系。结果表明：第一,直辖市房地产价格与信贷规模存在协整关系,且信贷规模对房地产价格的影响是正向的;第二,短期内信贷规模对房地产价格存在影响,且上期房地产价格的变动对房价有显著影响。     

中国房地产业的调控效应与走势分析

自2003年以来,为了控制房地产的过热发展,中央政府密集地出台了许多措施与政策。然而,严峻的现实是房价的直线上升和全面上涨。越是实施宏观调控,房价越涨;出台的政策越多,房价上涨的速度越快;政府调控的决心越大,市场反弹的压力越大。这种逆向调控的矛盾现象,引起了全社会的关注。本文认为,这一现象的根源,在于住宅需求旺盛、住房供给不足和政府政策的效应抵消。房地产有效调控的治本思路是,增加楼市的有效供给、完善住房发展模式、转变住房观念等。     

住房投资模型的经济学解释--兼论房地产泡沫产生的原因

随着中国经济的快速发展,房地产业进入快速发展阶段,并将逐渐成为支柱产业。这其中也伴随着各种问题,如房价的大幅上涨,空房率的上升,豪华别墅的大量建设等。这些问题都从某些方面反映了房地产市场的过热。从经济学的角度对房地产市场的供给需求关系进行分析,找出房地产价格的决定及其影响因素,对于认识房地产过热和泡沫的产生具有很强的现实意义。     

我国房地产业开展资产证券化研究

文章从资产证券化运作特征及其环节构成入手，对我国房地产业开展资产证券化进行了战略构想，接着分析了目前我国房地产业开展资产证券化的现实可能性，最后阐明了我国房地产业开展资产证券化的重大战略意义。     

浅谈房地产企业财务管理体系

由美国次贷危机引起的国际金融危机使我国房地产行业动荡不安,面对低迷的国际经济形势,房地产行业要实现长远发展,获得持续性核心竞争力,必须提高财务管理水平,防止金融危机造成房地产市场的过热或崩塌。     

关于开发中国老年房地产策略的若干问题分析

中国已经进入了老龄化社会,服务老年人即是一项福利事业,同时也蕴含着巨大的商机。本文通过探讨老年人作为特殊消费者的特点和需求,制定了针对老年消费者开发房地产产品的相关策略,以期对房地产公司的发展提供帮助。