Is there an ‘interest rate – speculation’ relationship? Evidence from G7 in the pre- and post-2008 crisis

The article revisits the IS-LM macroeconomic model by incorporating speculation into the investment function. The discussion is supported empirically by using data from the G7 countries to examine the different interest rate regimes in the pre- and post-2008 financial crisis. The estimation of an ‘anchor’ interest rate provides a reference rate for the G7 countries. The empirical study is extended to examine if the three quantitative easing (QE) episodes in the U.S. are growth promoting. The article concludes that the maintenance of a high and stable interest rate policy is needed for sustainable growth in the G7 countries.     

信用货币、金融危机与国际金融合作

全球金融危机对传统的以美联储为主导的金融调控方式及美元在世界经济中所扮演的角色提出了严峻的挑战。导致全球金融危机的根源是美国经济的畸形发展与国际金融体制的固有缺陷。化解本次金融危机的出路在于,各国之间要加强政策协调和进行国际货币体制改革,各国央行要采取协调合作的干预措施,共同制订新的国际金融条例,建立广泛的国际金融合作体系。本文首先分析了信用货币的发展及其监管困境,接着对全球金融危机的深层根源进行研究,最后提出了通过加强国际金融合作和改革国际货币体系来应对全球金融危机的建议。     

美国量化宽松货币政策对中国经济的冲击效应研究

基于VAR模型,运用2010年12月—2013年3月间中美月度数据,对美国量化宽松货币政策对我国经济影响进行探讨,以期有效化解美国量化宽松货币政策对我国宏观经济带来的负面冲击,并为此提出科学的理论依据和有针对性的对策方案。     

Interest rate pass-through and illiquidity shocks in the US

This study examines the US interest rate pass-through mechanism and considers the illiquidity shocks upon retail interest rate correlations caused by financial crises between 1986 and 2011. We estimate a bi-variable EGARCH model using a dynamic conditional correlation model developed by Engle (2002 Engle, R. F. 2002. Dynamic Conditional Correlation: A Simple Class of Multivariate Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity Models. Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 20: 339–350. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) in order to analyze how asymmetric monetary policy influences interest rate pass-through. We test the risks to the dynamic condition and changes in the correlation coefficient. The main empirical results are as follows. First, the long-run interest rate pass-through mechanism is unstable in the US. Second, expected monetary policy impulses are greater than the unexpected ones in the short-run. Finally, according to the one-step and N-step forecast tests, the illiquidity shocks caused by financial crises demonstrate a significant change in retail interest rate risks, but not in correlations between retail interest rates. We conclude that when the interest rate pass-through mechanism is unstable, banks may stop helping each other and will not provide loans to firms and consumers, thereby exhausting the capital of all economic systems. The characteristics of illiquidity enter into the interest rate pass-through mechanism; therefore, the relationship between illiquidity and the interest rate pass-through needs to be investigated.     

我国适度宽松货币政策走向分析——基于货币政策对货币供给量、GDP以及物价水平影响的判断

本文根据2006年第1季度—2009年第3季度的时间序列资料,研究了我国货币政策与货币供应量、经济增长以及物价之间的关系,通过实证分析,验证了我国GDP增速在2009年第2季度已开始上升,并预计我国经济将在2010年第1季度走出通货紧缩。但根据我国在亚洲金融危机、美国在两次石油危机和本次金融危机期间货币政策操作的国内国际经验,综合考虑国际环境和国内情况,本文得出了我国适度宽松的货币政策退出的时点和退出力度选择的政策建议。     

对我国货币政策中介目标的研究

货币供应量作为我国货币政策中介目标虽仍具备合理性,却面临一系列困难和障碍;同时,由于利率形成机制并不完善,利率暂时不能作为货币政策中介目标.目前我国应将货币供应量作为货币政策直接中介目标,而以利率作为辅助中介目标,发挥利率在货币政策体系中应有的作用.     

The 2014–15 Financial Crisis in Russia and the Foundations of Weak Monetary Power Autonomy in the International Political Economy

ABSTRACT

This article contributes to international political economy debates about the monetary power autonomy (MPA) of emerging market and developing countries (EMDs). The 2014–15 Russian financial crisis is used as a case study to explore why an accumulation of large international reserves does not provide protection against currency crises and macroeconomic adjustments in EMDs. The analysis centres on the interplay between two dimensions of MPA: the Power to Delay and the Power to Deflect adjustment costs. Two structural factors condition Russia’s low MPA. First, the country’s subordinated integration in global financial markets increases its financial vulnerability. The composition of external assets and liabilities, combined with cross-border capital flows, restrict the use of international reserves to delay currency crises. Second, the choice of a particular macroeconomic policy regime embraced the financialisation of the – mainly state-owned – Russian banking sector, thus making it difficult to transform liquidity inflows into credits for enterprises. Russia’s main comparative advantage, hydrocarbon export revenues, is not exploited. The type of economy created due to the post-Communist transition means that provided ‘excessive’ liquidity remains in the financial system and is channelled into currency arbitrage. This factor increases exchange rate vulnerability and undermines Russia’s MPA.     

当前我国"负利率"现状及货币政策选择

在当前的宏观经济形势下,我国的负利率对居民消费和储蓄、企业投资、商业银行的经营管理和资本市场等具有不同影响。综合考虑这些影响,央行目前不宜提高名义利率,而应该提高宏观经济调控水平,确保经济能够长期健康发展。     

论利率市场化下的利率互换功能与风险

随着一系列利率改革措施的颁布实施，我国利率市场化进程正在加速。我国已初步建立市场利率形成机制和市场利率体系。利率市场化催生利率互换，利率互换有利于规避利率风险、降低融资成本、资产负债管理和完善利率定价机制。但是，利率互换存在法律和政策风险、基础协议的效力风险、履约风险以及利率本身的风险。     

我国货币政策自主性的实证研究

基于货币目标区模型、货币政策反应方程以及外汇储备与基础货币之间的关系方程,对2005年7月汇改前后我国货币政策自主性变化情况进行的实证研究结果表明,汇改后我国的利率政策自主性较汇改前增强,但货币数量政策则由汇改前的具备自主性变为汇改后的缺乏自主性;在我国,通过增强汇率制度弹性以提高利率政策自主性是可行的,但对货币数量政策并不成立。研究结果还表明,我国应以利率作为货币政策中介目标。     

鲁比尼视野中的金融危机和经济危机

美国经济学家鲁里埃尔·鲁比尼因在西方经济学家中最早预言有可能爆发金融危机和经济危机而备受瞩目。危机爆发后,他跟踪研究,对危机提出了自己的若干独特见解。他尝试分析危机的原因,展望经济发展前景,提出应对危机的政策建议。但是,作为西方经济学家,他对危机根源等问题的认识具有明显的局限性。     

Foreign interest rate shocks and exchange rate regimes in East Asia

Using a theoretical dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model and an empirical panel vector autoregression, we assess the transmission of foreign real interest rate shocks on the volatility of various key macroeconomic variables in nine small open economies in East Asia taking into account the role of exchange rate regimes. Both the theoretical and empirical findings confirm the hypothesis that flexible exchange rate may work as a shock absorber when the economy is hit by foreign real interest rate shocks. The findings suggest a clear trade-off between the volatility of real exchange rate and real output to foreign interest rate shocks, both the US and G7 real interest rates, where the responses of real output are mitigated in countries that have more flexible exchange rate regime.     

当前我国央行货币政策走向分析

今年以来,固定资产投资继续快速增长,货币信贷居高不下,我国经济过热的风险仍然存在.央行在将近4个月的时间里先后两次提高存款准备金率,两次提高利率以抑制过快增长的货币信贷.本次货币政策的目的将限于通过抑制信贷过快膨胀来平滑经济增长,其理想效果是防热而不会致冷."稳健"仍会是央行的货币政策基调.继续加息不是央行的最优选择,高固定资产投资、高经济增长速度仍将是今后较长一段时期内我国经济发展的特点.     

利率规则与通货膨胀：一个模型分析

物价水平居高不下是我国政府和广大居民目前所面临的一个严峻问题。调控货币数量和名义利率水平是治理通货膨胀的两大举措。一部分投资者只能参与产品交易,而另一部分投资者既可以参与产品交易,也可参与债券交易,且存在速度冲击,交易者初始禀赋是同一的条件下,通过公开市场操作而购买债券会降低利率水平;在速度冲击是独立同分布的情况下,速度冲击对货币增长率的影响是暂时性的。