Seasoned equity offering announcements and the returns on European bank stocks and bonds

We analyse, by means of appropriate event studies, the returns following seasoned equity offering announcements made by western European banks between 2008 and 2014. Consistently with the pertinent literature on non-financial companies, we find that shareholders experience negative returns. We highlight that the same occurs for bondholders, although not surprisingly to a smaller extent. Overall, our results show that seasoned equity offering announcements play an important signalling role also in the banking industry, despite the tight regulation and supervision by banking authorities, which should in principle reduce the impact on pricing of the information asymmetries about banks’ financial conditions.     

Patents and R&D expenditure effects on equity returns in pharmaceutical industry

As costs of pharmaceutical R&D soar and productivity falls, the role of research pipelines in firm valuations is changing. To date, surprisingly little work has been published on the effects of R&D pipeline performance on equity returns, while controlling for coincident factors, such as legacy patents and presence of blockbuster drugs in production. Using 1996–2013 data for nine largest pharmaceutical companies in the world, this article assesses the role of the above factors on returns to pharmaceutical companies equity. We show significant positive link between changes in the number of blockbusters on patent six months prior and returns in excess of pharmaceutical equity index. The number of patents granted by United States Patent and Trademark Office in a quarter is also a significant factor. On the other hand, we find that increases in R&D expenditure in large-cap pharmaceutical companies are viewed negatively by investors in the short term.     

The effects of multilateral trading systems on risk and return in equity markets

The event study methodology of Brown and Warner (1985) is adopted and augmented to evaluate the effect of the launch of multilateral trading systems on risk and return in equity markets. The methodology is supplemented with various techniques, such as the nonparametric ranking test and kernel regression, to find out if announcements about the introduction of Chi-X Australia generated abnormal returns (ARs). Asset pricing models are fitted with interaction variables, while GARCH, threshold ARCH (TARCH), exponential GARCH (EGARCH) and power-ARCH (PARCH) are used to determine changes in systematic risk. We find evidence in favour of Fisher’s separation theorem and detect a new market anomaly, which we call the ‘Fisher market anomaly’. Our results show that Chi-X system testings affect ARs. Consistent with the adaptive expectations theory, we confirm that the first announcement about the launch of Chi-X affected systematic risk the most. In addition, we identify industry and firm effects in risk analysis.     

Strategies can be expensive too! The value spread and asset allocation in global equity markets

Is the value spread useful for forecasting returns on quantitative equity strategies for country selection? To test this, we examine a sample of 120 country-level equity strategies replicated within 72 stock markets for the years 1996–2017. The value spread is a powerful and robust predictor of strategy returns in the cross-section, subsuming other methods based on momentum, reversal, or seasonality. Going long (short) the strategies with the broadest (narrowest) value spread produces significant four-factor model alphas, markedly outperforming an equal-weighted benchmark of all of the strategies. The results are robust to many considerations.     

Asymmetric effects of industrial production,money supply and exchange rate changes on stock returns in Turkey

The aim of this article is twofold: First, it examines the asymmetric effects of industrial production, money supply and RER on stock returns in Turkey by using the non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model over the periods of 1994:01–2017:05 and 2002:01–2017:05. Second, it tries to determine whether there is a change of these macroeconomic variables’ effects on stock returns after the 2001 financial crisis since after 2002 period represents a structural break from the past in terms of economic, political and macroeconomic policy approaches. The study finds that the effects of the changes in industrial production, money supply and RER on stock returns are asymmetric, and the asymmetries are larger after the 2002 subsample compared to the full sample period. The empirical results further suggest that tight monetary policies appear to retard the stock returns more than easy monetary policies that stimulate them.     

The impact of heterogeneity of discount factors and asset returns on inequality

We investigate the effect of differential access to financial markets, discount factor and wealth endowment on poverty and inequality. We construct a model of educational and savings choice with heterogeneous agents. Motivated by empirical evidence, in this economy the return on savings is a non-decreasing function of the amount saved. As expected, more patient households tend to become wealthier and more educated. The heterogeneity on portfolio returns is shown to be key to our main result: the model closely fits the data on income and wealth inequalities, being able to explain the existing Brazil’s inequality patterns. The model was also calibrated to the US, with similar fit. We then evaluate two types of public policies based on cash transfer schemes (CTSs), that aim to reduce poverty and inequality. We find that the CTS version in which receiving the benefit is conditional on educating the household’s youngster outperforms its unconditional version in almost all dimensions analysed.     

Beware of the crash risk: Tail beta and the cross-section of stock returns in China

We investigate the pricing of systematic tail risk measured by tail beta in the Chinese equity market. Using an array of tests, we examine the performance of more than 3,300 stocks for the years 1999 through 2018. Contrary to evidence from developed markets, we demonstrate a strong negative relationship between the tail beta and future returns. The effect is robust to many considerations and cannot be explained by established pricing factors or alternative risk or illiquidity measures. We link our findings to specific characteristics of the Chinese stock market.     

The wealth effect and diamond risk structure of financial regulation

The objective of this article was to evaluate the effect of announcements of financial regulation on risk and return in the Vietnamese equity market. The techniques used for the purpose of analysing risk and return include event study and non-parametric tests, as well as asset pricing models supplemented with interaction variables and a variety of ARCH-like specifications such as GARCH, TARCH, EGARCH and PARCH. We find evidence for the wealth effect, the presence of delayed response and a risk shifting behaviour in the form of diamond risk structure. Our results show that abnormal returns are present around the announcements of operating rules and other stock market regulations. Abnormal returns can also be obtained after considering legal documents such as circulars and decisions.     

The expectations hypothesis of the term structure of interest rates and monetary policy: some evidence from Asian countries

This article outlines a panel data approach to modelling the term structure of interest rates in the short and in the long run. We find robust evidence supporting the expectations hypothesis of the term structure (EHTS) for a small sample of Asian emerging markets. Furthermore, we detect some relevant differences in the transmission mechanism of monetary policy, and the existence of a McCallum (2005) rule (no exogeneity of monetary policy to the yield curve) in some countries. Finally, we document the influence of an international global factor (i.e. a time-varying global risk premium) on the yield curve, while local country-specific factors are not statistically significant.     

The impact of news,oil prices,and global market developments on Russian financial markets1

This paper analyses the impact of news, oil prices, and international financial market developments on daily returns on Russian bond and stock markets. First, regarding returns, energy news affects returns, while news from the war in Chechnya is not significant. Market volatility does not appear to be sensitive to either type of news. Second, a significant effect of the growth in oil prices on Russian stock returns is detected. Third, the international influence on Russian financial markets depends upon the degree of financial liberalization. The higher the degree of financial liberalization, the stronger is the impact of US stock returns on Russian financial markets. In addition, banking reform and interest rate liberalization efforts seem to dictate the globalization of Russian stock markets, while it is the progress in liberalizing securities markets and non‐bank financial institutions that matters more for the globalization of Russian bond markets.     

保险市场风险与效率探析

从国外文献看,无论从数量还是从研究的系统性及深度和广度上,对保险市场风险与效率的研究都相对滞后于商业银行和资本市场风险与效率的研究,而国内保险界对保险市场风险与效率的研究更是少见,但是保险业高速的规模扩张伴随着保险业低效率是阻碍我国保险业发展的重要问题。鉴于此,试图将我国保险市场的风险与效率结合起来研究,从保险市场存在的风险与低效率的表现入手,分析对外开放风险、信息不对称风险、诚信缺失风险、系统性风险导致的保险业的低效率运行,以求找到提高效率的途径。     

中国股票市场Beta和收益关系的实证分析

本利用Pettengill(1995）的剩余市场收益模型以及Fama的两阶段回归方法，考察了中国股市1997年1月-2001年5月上海证券交易所的21支股票的周收益率。当市场收益在于无风险收益时，Beta和收益显正相关，当市场收益低于无风险收益时，Beta和收益显相关。可见，Beta在解释股票间的差异方面是一个有用的工具。     

股权分置改革后中小股东权益保护研究

股权分置改革对于完善公司治理结构、规范市场运行、实现资源优化配置等都具有重要的现实意义,但股改后中小股东的权益受到的侵害现象仍然存在。对股改后的中小投资者的现状进行了分析,从控制权市场和加强中小股东参与公司治理的角度对中小股东的权益保护进行了研究,提出了建立控制权市场机制以及一系列中小股东自我保护的措施。     

企业套期保值研究及实证分析--基于基差复制技术的方法

文章针对企业套期保值过程中由于套保比率的设定以及入市点的错误选择使得企业面临亏损风险的问题而提出对策。笔者在套期保值比率问题上首次引入了寻找合理判断入市点的模型并给出了具体方法。利用金融工程中无套利的复制原理,复制出了一个远期的权益,从而得出了文章所认为的最优套保比率,为实务界经常运用的选择入市点问题给予理论支持。文章构建的模型得出,在套保比率的设定问题上不但要选择入市点,还要选择套保的时间因素。在买期保值上,当判断出市场行情有利时我们选择相对较大的保值比率,这样可以使我们能尽量获取基差上扬所带来的收益,另外又不至于把套保比率无限扩大使得套保变成投机,以防在万一出现行情错误的时候出现大幅亏损。在卖期保值上,当判断行情有利时,选择相对较低的保值比率,这样可以使我们能尽量获取基差下跌所带来的收益,另外又不至于把套保比率无限缩小甚至不保使得套保变成投机,以防在万一出现行情错误的时候亏损。     

高速铁路对城市群经济发展格局的影响及其作用机制

本文详细阐述了高铁开通对城市群发展的影响机理,以2005-2018年中国五大城市群92个地级市的数据为样本,从城市群视角出发,通过构建DID估计模型考察了高铁开通对经济发展格局的影响及其作用机制。研究发现：从整体城市群层面来看,高铁开通提升了五大城市群的经济增长水平,并缩小了城市群经济差距;从分城市群层面来看,高铁开通对每个城市群的经济增长均产生了正向效应,并显著地缩小了京津冀、长江三角和珠三角城市群的经济差距,有利于实现经济一体化;人才集聚、资本集聚、技术创新在高铁开通影响经济发展格局的过程中起着中介作用。     

Water in the desert? The influence of Wilhelm Röpke on Ludwig Erhard and the social market economy

It is commonly believed that Wilhelm Röpke heavily influenced Ludwig Erhard and, through him, West Germany’s social market economy. This article demonstrates that Röpke’s influence on Erhard was limited. Although the two men shared many common ideals, they also differed on many fundamental issues. Moreover, Erhard developed his ideas before he read Röpke’s wartime trilogy.