Benchmarking Corporate Social Responsibility within Spanish Companies

In this paper, the authors focus on the influence of corporate social responsibility (CSR) upon business profitability. In order to be capable of working with homogeneous data, the authors’ starting point is to use the criteria defined by PricewaterhouseCoopers’ work on the subject, and published by the Spanish journal Actualidad Económica. In this work, an index was created which assigns between one and five points to the companies depending on the importance given by them to CSR. The CSR measurement published by the Observatorio de la RSE will also be considered. In order to measure companies’ profitability, this paper will take into account their return on equity (ROE) and return on assets (ROA) of 2005 and 2006. The authors’ purpose is to demonstrate that the relationship between CSR and business profitability is neutral.

创业板上市企业社会责任履行对创新绩效的影响

企业社会责任与创新绩效之间的关系是社会责任研究领域一个备受关注的话题。创业板上市企业履行社会责任不但可以得到公众认可,还可以从各利益相关者处获得提升创新绩效不可或缺的资源。以创业板上市企业为样本,研究二者之间的关系。结果表明:(1)就货币层社会责任而言,创业板上市企业履行对股东的社会责任正向影响创新技术绩效和创新财务绩效,而履行对债权人的社会责任正向影响创新技术绩效但影响不显著,且负向影响创新财务绩效;(2)就人力层社会责任而言,创业板上市企业履行对员工的社会责任正向影响创新技术绩效、负向影响创新财务绩效,就社会层社会责任而言,创业板上市企业履行对顾客的社会责任负向影响创新技术绩效、正向影响创新财务绩效,履行对政府的社会责任正向影响创新技术绩效但影响不显著,且负向影响创新财务绩效,履行对供应商的社会责任负向影响创新技术绩效、正向影响创新财务绩效。     

企业社会责任与企业绩效的相关性——基于中国通信行业的经验数据

本文采用实证研究方法,设计运用相关指标体系,分析了通信行业上市公司企业社会责任与企业绩效的相关性。研究结果表明,当期公司社会责任指数与企业利润、企业竞争力、企业成长呈现显著的正相关关系,前三期企业社会责任指数与企业竞争力、企业成长的正相关关系也比较显著。     

大数据系统实施对企业绩效影响的实证研究

以66家实施了大数据系统的上市企业为样本对象,通过t检验和Wilcoxon秩和检验,分析大数据系统实施对企业营运绩效和盈利绩效的影响。研究结果表明,在大数据系统实施当年,企业库存周转率和销售净利率不升反降,但在系统实施后1~2年均显著增长;总资产周转率在实施当年和实施后第1年为负增长,而在实施后第2年正向增长但不显著;总资产报酬率在大数据系统实施后2年没有提升。总资产周转率和总资产报酬率在系统实施后2年均未明显提高的原因可能在于,大数据系统实施的巨额成本对企业利润具有分摊效应。     

Web-based CSR communication in post-communist countries

In this survey, we investigate the level of web-based CSR communication in selected post-communist countries. Our objective was to identify, analyse and evaluate the scope of web-based CSR communication and the structure of CSR activities communicated by the TOP 100 companies based in the Czech Republic and Ukraine. On the basis of content analysis of the websites of the 100 most important companies (according to the level of revenue) based in each of these countries, we can state that the level of their web-based CSR communication is comparable. It does, however, correspond to the generally low level of CSR communication in post-communist countries. Apart from corporate websites, another popular channel of communication is social networks, in particular, Facebook. As far as the scope of CSR activities communicated is concerned, companies based in the Czech Republic communicate an average of 19 and companies based in Ukraine communicate an average of 18 of the 39 monitored activities. TOP 100 companies operating in these countries communicate economic and environmental responsibility activities in the greatest scope and on the contrary, ethical responsibility activities the least.     

私募股权投资会影响企业创新策略吗

〖GK3〗基于企业实质性与策略性创新策略视角,以专利异质性作为切入点,考察沪深两市2010-2017年IPO企业私募股权投资与创新策略间的关系。研究发现,私募参与能有效提升企业整体专利数量,但仅对策略性创新行为即非发明专利数量具有显著提升作用;从私募特征看,单独投资和本土背景下的私募对策略性创新的引导作用更强。进一步研究发现,IPO叫停抑制了私募对企业策略性创新的引导作用,同时激发了私募对企业实质性创新的正面作用;对IPO企业异质性创新成果的经济后果进行研究发现,实质性创新能够显著提升企业绩效,而策略性创新对非发明专利的关注与包装并不能对企业绩效产生积极影响。     

基于声誉视角的企业社会责任实施策略研究

企业应当如何寻求社会责任与社交媒体交融背景下的企业社会责任(CSR)实施策略?这已成为全球经济面临的现实难题,对于处在声誉压力下的中国企业更是如此。文章通过全面回顾"声誉机制与CSR之间存在关联"的相关研究成果,以来自中国的两家企业(联想与宏碁)为商业案例,从公司治理、工作环境以及企业公民实践三个维度对其CSR实践进行了详细比较与系统分析,以期验证西方学者提出的"声誉机制对CSR实施策略具有正面影响效应"观点。结果表明:声誉机制确实可以促进企业加强自我约束,选择负责任的商业实践,成为法律规制、政府监管等正式制度的有益补充和替代,对中国企业来说也不例外。最后,结合中国企业现实处境,文章提出从回报角度认知CSR、取得行业标准认证、从局部小处起步等将CSR策略性融入到企业日常运营中的几点启示。     

Exploring the relationship between CSR performance and financial constraints: empirical evidence from European firms

This paper investigates the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities and financial constraints. Our panel dataset consists of 397 European companies listed in the STOXX Europe 600 during 2009–2014. The findings reveal that firms with higher CSR performance exhibit lower degree of financial constraints. In addition, the link between CSR performance and financial constraints is a fully mediated relationship. The negative effect of CSR performance on financial constraints follows the path through mitigating agency conflicts of free cash flow and information asymmetry. The findings suggest that one mechanism linking CSR performance and financial constraints is a reduction of capital-market imperfections.     

The Effect of Mergers and Acquisitions on the Technological Performance of Companies in a High-tech Environment

A large part of the literature from industrial organization and management expects that, compared with unrelated M&As, related M&As show superior economic performance because of synergetic effects that follow from economies of scale and scope. The current contribution takes the debate on the effect of different M&As somewhat further by studying the effect of M&As on the technological performance of companies. In this study the technological performance of M&As is related to a hightech sector, i.e. the international computer industry. The main result of this research is that the so-called strategic and organizational fit between companies involved in M&As seem to play an important role in improving the technological performance of companies     

环境税征收、社会责任承担与企业绿色创新*

近年来,我国经济发展面临资源环境的约束问题愈发凸显,推进经济高质量发展迫切需要传统工业企业实现绿色创新转型升级,而环境税征收和企业社会责任承担分别作为一种基于外部市场激励型和内部自主激励型的重要工具,两者能否有效发挥激励协同效应？本文以2010—2018年我国沪深A股工业类上市公司为研究样本,实证检验了环境税征收与企业社会责任承担的交互作用对企业绿色创新的影响,研究结果发现：（1）环境税征收与社会责任承担发挥着显著正向激励协同效应,环境税征收强度越大则越有利于促进企业绿色创新能力提升,且该正相关关系将随着企业社会责任承担水平提升而得到增强。（2）企业社会责任承担水平越高并不利于企业绿色创新能力提升,但该负相关关系将随着环境税征收强度增加而受到抑制。（3）进一步研究发现以上效应主要存在于大规模企业、高成长性企业、研发能力较强企业,以及市场化程度较高地区和东部地区。（4）相对于非国有企业,环境税征收及其与社会责任承担的正向交互效应显著存在于国有企业之中。上述研究结论丰富了企业绿色创新驱动因素和环境税征收经济后果的相关文献,对于新时期如何有效发挥企业绿色创新激励协同机制,以助推我国传统工业企业顺利实现绿色创新转型升级等有重要启示。     

基于企业传播视角的我国上市公司社会责任实证研究

本文基于企业传播的视角,通过对<福布斯>2009年全球上市公司2000强中内地上市公司网站、年报和社会责任报告中有关公司社会责任的内容披露的统计分析,围绕上市公司履行社会责任的动机、内容以及利益相关者在其中的应用等问题展开实证分析.研究表明,不同公司履行社会责任的程度各不相同,呈近似正态分布,且与所属行业国际化程度正相关;上市公司中绝大多数公司社会责任受到价值驱动,只有少数公司受到财务绩效或者利益相关者驱动;目前上市公司社会责任实践的三种主要形式依次是从事公益捐赠、遵守道德准则,以及支持各种慈善事业,而志愿服务和质量管理则相对欠缺.     

建立企业集团内部效绩评价体系的再思考

企业集团化的发展趋势已十分明显。集团母公司作为子公司的出资人 ,如何开展对子公司及其主要经营者效绩评价活动成为理论界和实务界的一个课题。目前 ,中国企业一般采用 2 0 0 2年颁布的《效绩评价操作规则》 ,而企业集团尚没有统一的内部效绩评价体系。本文立足于行业特点 ,将评价指标与企业战略管理、生命周期理论相结合 ,全面、动态地反映企业集团的经营过程并进行分析和管理 ,实现集团战略目标和战略管理手段的融合。同时 ,在指标权数的确定上 ,本文引用了模糊数学的方法。     

The Effect of Mergers and Acquisitions on the Technological Performance of Companies in a High-tech Environment

A large part of the literature from industrial organization and management expects that, compared with unrelated M&As, related M&As show superior economic performance because of synergetic effects that follow from economies of scale and scope. The current contribution takes the debate on the effect of different M&As somewhat further by studying the effect of M&As on the technological performance of companies. In this study the technological performance of M&As is related to a hightech sector, i.e. the international computer industry. The main result of this research is that the so-called strategic and organizational fit between companies involved in M&As seem to play an important role in improving the technological performance of companies     

战略性新兴产业上市公司动态创新效率测度及其影响因素研究——基于两阶段DSBM模型与Tobit模型

以873家战略性新兴产业上市公司为研究对象,采用产出导向的DSBM模型测算两阶段整体和不同细分产业的动态创新效率。基于微观企业层面,分别以营业收入增长额、营业收入、营业收入增长率作为技术成果转化阶段的创新产出指标,测算并比较对应的创新效率。结果表明,以营业收入增长额作为创新产出更加符合实际情况,不同细分产业的创新效率存在异质性。进一步运用Tobit模型分析影响企业创新效率的因素发现,在技术研发阶段,企业规模、资产收益率、研发强度、劳动者素质、企业性质对创新效率具有正向影响,研发人员、研发资金、企业年龄、政府补贴对创新效率存在负向影响;在成果转化阶段,发明专利授权数、企业规模、资产收益率、研发强度、劳动者素质对创新效率具有正向影响,员工总数、研发支出、企业年龄、政府补贴、企业类型对创新效率存在负向影响。在创新驱动发展战略实施背景下,结论可为测度战略性新兴产业上市公司动态创新效率提供指导,为提高战略性新兴产业上市公司创新效率提供决策参考。     

国有企业的债务问题研究*

本文基于1995—2014年间A股制造业上市公司的样本数据进行实证研究,回归结果表明所有制因素对公司资本结构的选择没有显著影响,即便把资本结构区分为长期结构和短期结构亦是如此。公司的总资产收益率、有形资产比率、成长性、公司规模以及实际税率对上市公司资本结构具有显著影响,其中最主要的两个因素是公司的总资产收益率和公司规模。这说明虽然从总量数据上看国企负债的确构成了宏观债务的主体,但就制造业来说国企的债务水平和其经济特征是相匹配的,规模和总资产收益率足以解释这种高债务水平,国企过度负债说至少对制造业国有企业来说并不成立。国企债务风险可能来自平台类国企,相关的政策应该针对这类企业来设计。     

Does it really pay to do better? Exploring the financial effects of changes in CSR ratings

Previous literature on the link between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and financial performance has focused mainly on the financial implications of a firm’s level of CSR without considering the potential effects on financial performance of variations in CSR rating. We try to fill this gap by studying whether variations in a firm’s CSR rating affect systematic risk, firm value, and portfolio performance. First, our results show that an increase in firms’ CSR efforts, as reflected by an increase in their CSR ratings, significantly reduces systematic risk. Second, a positive variation in CSR ratings significantly improves firm value. Finally, from a portfolio perspective, a strategy that consists of buying stocks that have experienced a CSR ratings increase and selling stocks that have experienced a CSR ratings decrease (or remain stable) leads to lower financial performance. Taken together, our findings provide new evidence and financial implications for firms and portfolio managers.     

Diversity among Norwegian Boards of Directors: Does a Quota for Women Improve Firm Performance?

Exploiting the Norwegian boards of directors’ quota reform of 2003, this study evaluates the impact of increased diversity on firm performance. Applying difference-in-difference approaches to accounting data covering the period 2003–07, the paper compares the return on assets for non-finance public limited companies (PLCs) and ordinary limited companies (LTDs), whereof only the former were affected by the reform. The impact of the reform on firm performance is negligible. Neither changed return on total assets (ROA) nor changed operating revenues and cost can be attributed to the reform. However, following the reform PLCs have to a larger extent accumulated capital, financed by debt or by a combination of debt and own capital.     

财务独立董事、公司治理与经营业绩关系——基于中国民营上市公司面板数据的研究

独立董事与企业经营业绩之间相关性研究是公司治理研究中的一个重要问题,本文以2004~2006年在深沪交易所上市的民营企业为样本,采用面板数据,应用固定效应回归技术,从会计业绩(ROA)和市场业绩(TQ)的角度分别对财务独立董事对经营业绩的影响进行了实证分析。实证检验结果发现在民营上市公司中,财务独立董事与公司经营业绩之间不存在显著的相关关系,财务独立董事对公司经营业绩的改善没有起到促进作用。     

两种典型的战略业绩评价系统的比较

经济增加值与平衡记分法两个战略业绩评价系统是在传统业绩评价系统基础上发展而来的。本文在总结两个系统对传统业绩评价系统所做不同改进的基础上,运用对比分析方法,对两者之间在出发点、理论基础、指标设计、适用条件、信息要求和激励机制方面进行了对比分析．认为我国企业应当结合企业实际从中选择一种或对两者加以结合来构建自己的战略业绩评价系统．并提出在构建战略业绩评价系统过程中应当注意的问题。     

Consumer stated purchasing preferences and corporate social responsibility in the wood products industry: A conjoint analysis in the U.S. and China

The impacts of disclosed level of corporate social responsibility (CSR), domestic versus imported origin and type of construction on consumers' stated wood product purchasing preferences were examined in the U.S. and China. Hierarchical logit models based on a Bayesian framework were utilized to test the magnitude and statistical significance of each wood product attribute using survey data. Results indicate that U.S. and Chinese respondents: (a) were more likely to choose products from manufacturing companies with a higher level of CSR rating compared with an unknown one; (b) preferred domestically manufactured wood products compared to imported ones; and (c) expressed higher interest in wood products made of solid wood compared with composites. In terms of demographics, respondents' higher education levels corresponded with higher preferences for products from companies with the highest (five-star) CSR rating in the U.S. Statistically-significant income effects were detected only in the Chinese sample when respondents indicated their purchasing preferences for wood products with three-star or five-star CSR levels. Implications for improving wood products companies' managerial performance and suggestions for future studies are provided.