共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Agne Suziedelyte 《Applied economics》2013,45(10):1008-1018
Childhood obesity rates have recently been rising in many countries. It has been suggested in the literature that changes in children’s media exposure may contribute to explaining this trend. I investigate whether or not this hypothesis is supported by data. I contribute to the literature by focusing not only on television but also on new media – computers and video games. The Child Development Supplement to the Panel Study of Income Dynamics is used for the analysis. To address the endogeneity of children’s media exposure, I use dynamic and panel data models. This is another improvement upon the existing literature. Additionally, an extensive list of control variables is included in the regressions. I find that video game playing or computer use has no effect on children’s body weight. On the other hand, television viewing may increase children’s body weight slightly. 相似文献
2.
Bing Ma 《Frontiers of Economics in China》2012,7(1):70
This paper presents a systematic analysis of the impact of socioeconomic status (SES) on overweight and obesity in China and investigates how and why the SES-obesity gradient differs with age. Using a longitudinal sample drawn from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), I find that body mass index (BMI) is positively associated with SES during early childhood but becomes inversely related to childhood SES as children age into adulthood. Estimation results show that children from low SES families are less likely to be overweight or obese than their median and high SES peers. The results from subsamples stratified by living area reveal that the SES gaps of obesity are generally larger for urban residents than rural residents. Females are significantly less likely to be overweight than males in China. The SES during childhood has independent effects after controlling for respondents’ contemporaneous SES. The relationship between the contemporaneous SES of a male adult and his chance of being overweight or obese is significantly positive, while the contemporaneous SES of a female adult is negatively related to her chance of being overweight or obese. 相似文献
3.
D. Puciato 《Applied economics letters》2016,23(12):831-834
The article is aimed at evaluating the relationships existing between physical activity of manual workers from Wroc?aw and their socio-economic status. The survey completed in 2013 comprised 844 persons (300 women and 544 men), aged from 21 to 60 years. A method of diagnostic poll was used to assess physical activity, and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire in a short version was used as the survey instrument, with the form expanded by characteristics of socio-economic status. Most of surveyed Wroc?aw residents were making physical effort sufficient to achieve health benefits. Moreover, the probability of meeting physical activity standards defined by the World Health Organization was highest for people between 21 and 30 years of age, with secondary education, whose monthly gross income per person in a household did not exceed PLN 1000. The survey has shown the existence of physical activity relationships with such characteristics of socio-economic status of surveyed persons as age, education and income. 相似文献
4.
Md. Alauddin Majumder 《Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy》2013,32(2):200-217
It is generally claimed that obesity adversely affects wages. This article is devoted to identifying the extent to which the claim is consistent with data. Drawing upon the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97), it examines the effects of obesity on wages by gender and ethnicity. First, an ordinary least squares model is estimated. Second, a fixed‐effects (FE) model is used to remove time invariant unobserved heterogeneity. Finally, the FE specification is further estimated after replacing contemporaneous weight variables by one‐year lags of weight variables to avoid reverse causality. Body mass index (BMI) is used as a continuous measure of weight and BMI splines (BMI ≥ 30 for obese, 30 > BMI ≥ 25 for overweight, 25 > BMI ≥ 18.5 for healthy weight and BMI<18.5 for underweight) are used as binary measures of weight. Lots of variables related to human capital, demographics, family background and personal attitude are controlled for. Findings provide evidence that white males receive a wage premium for higher BMI. Wages of all other ethno‐gender groups seem to remain unaffected by obesity. 相似文献
5.
This article models the dynamic effects of economic insecurity on body weight. Using Australian panel data, we infer an individual’s level of economic insecurity as a function of exposure to various financial risks and employ regression equations to explore its effect upon current period body mass index (BMI) scores. Estimates reveal that a sustained standard deviation increase in economic insecurity raises an individual’s BMI at a rate of approximately 0.35 units per year. Quantile regressions are then used to estimate the sensitivity of body weight to insecurity at different percentiles of the distribution and we find that persons who are overweight and obese are much more seriously affected. This implies that shocks that make individuals more financially vulnerable can generate harmful self-sustaining cycles of risk and weight gain. We also model the dynamics of insecurity and show that it is a persistent phenomenon for persons with high levels of exposure and lower incomes. This finding indicates that persons of lower socio-economic status are more likely to encounter vicious cycles of increasing insecurity and obesity, which partially explains why weight-related health problems are unusually highly concentrated amongst these individuals. 相似文献
6.
儿童的成长和全面发展离不开其社会性发展和教育,首先介绍了儿童社会性发展的内涵,并分析了影响因素。其中,儿童社会性发展的影响因素研究主要集中于:家庭、学校和同伴关系这三个方面。在已有相关研究的基础上,分析了儿童社会性发展的研究趋势,如研究观念转变,注重认知因素,研究方法多样化等,并对以往的研究进行了评述。 相似文献
7.
Smoking and obesity are two leading causes of preventable death. Further understanding of the relationship between these two risk factors can assist in reducing avoidable morbidity and mortality. This study investigates the empirical association between obesity and the propensity to smoke and to quit smoking, using a Seemingly Unrelated (SUR) probit approach that takes into consideration the potential for reverse causality and unobserved heterogeneity. Using Australian health survey data, this article demonstrates the usefulness of the SUR probit approach in generating information on the relationship between unobserved factors influencing both smoking behaviour and obesity, and in providing estimates of the conditional probabilities of each risk factor. Results suggest the two risk factors are not independent. The presence, size and direction of correlation between the unobserved factors are found to vary by smoking behaviour and by gender. Estimates of conditional probabilities demonstrate smokers have a lower probability of obesity, particularly among females, and ex-smokers have a higher probability of obesity, particularly among males. These findings suggest that health policies targeted at one risk factor may have unintended implications for the other. 相似文献
8.
9.
Oumar Nabe 《Journal of economic issues》2013,47(2):575-587
My purpose here is to strengthen Karl Polanyi’s work through critique of and extension to abductive processes. Polanyi presented history woven into a new paradigm for analysis of socioeconomic systems, demonstrated discovery similar to abductive processes, and extended abduction into a holistic context. One of Polanyi’s most important contributions to socioeconomic analysis is the explanation of three integrated network models of socioeconomic reciprocity. They are coadjuvancy, redistribution, and market exchange. Polanyi extended abductive reasoning in two ways. First, he extended it beyond the cognitive logic of a person to inferences and societal belief changes of institutions. Second, he showed that, in the real world, beliefs are not only fixed like an abductive process, they are fixed in law. Throughout Polanyi’s historical presentation, market beliefs are being revised, thus serving as a demonstration of the abductive process. I make both positive and negative critique of a number of Polanyi’s concepts, with special attention to reciprocity, the double movement, and freedom. This critique and abduction extension strengthens Polanyi’s paradigm for future socioeconomic analysis with his integrative network models. 相似文献
10.
利用2006年中国老年人抽样调查数据,分析老年人社会经济地位与日常生活自理能力(ADL)丧失之间的关联。采用教育程度和自评经济状况作为测量社会经济地位的指标。老年人ADL丧失率呈现反向社会经济梯度。无论城市还是农村,ADL丧失率均随着老年人教育程度或自评经济状况的降低而显著提高。这种社会经济梯度现象揭示了老年人ADL丧失率不仅在贫困与非贫困人口之间存在显著差异,而且在不同阶层非贫困人口之间也存在显著差异。提示我国城乡老年人社会经济地位与ADL丧失率存在较强的关联。 相似文献
11.
提出了一种确定权重区间的方法,即将由多位专家确定的主观权重和用多种方法计算的客观权重相结合,形成权重区间,通过分析主客观权重区间的重合关系,计算权重区间的置信度和精确度,据此对权重区间进行循环优化。最后用算例表明了该方法的科学性和可操作性。 相似文献
12.
Weight Factors in Cost-Benefit Analysis of Climate Change 总被引:2,自引:3,他引:2
Christian Azar 《Environmental and Resource Economics》1999,13(3):249-268
Equity considerations may justify the use of weight factors when estimating the costs of climate change. This paper reviews different weight factors that have been used in the climate economics literature. Based on a simple model, it is shown that although the different weight factors imply substantially different cost-damage estimates, they actually yield the same optimal emission reductions. This paradox is explained by the fact that some of the approaches require that also the abatement costs are weighted – and this offsets the effect of the diverging cost-damage estimates. The model is then used to analyse the importance weighting may have on the overall cost-benefit analysis. At present, when most of the global emissions of (fossil) CO2 originate from the industrialised countries, the global optimal emissions are considerably lower if costs are weighted. However, the more the emissions in developing countries grow, the less important becomes the introduction of weight factors in cost-benefit analysis of climate change for the global emission reductions, in the model developed here. On a regional level, the introduction of weight factors continues to play an important role, implying substantially lower emissions in the rich region and slightly higher (!) in the poor. 相似文献
13.
Liability dollarization,exchange market pressure and fear of floating: empirical evidence for Turkey
US and British unemployment rates for non–white males and females are compared over the period 1970–1998. Whereas US rates remained fairly steady, there was a marked increase in British non–white unemployment rates. The reasons for this poor performance, relative to the good performance of US non–whites are explored. It is shown that non–white unemployment behaves in different ways across the two countries. For example, British rates rise faster in a recession than white rates, whereas US rates appear not to follow this British hypercyclical pattern. 相似文献
14.
Recent public debate on Indigenous issues has been provoked, inter alia, by a 2005 Centre for Independent Studies paper by Helen Hughes and Jenness Warin, who focused on the extent to which policies have been effective in improving the living conditions of Indigenous Australians since the era of self‐determination commenced. Unfortunately, the quality of historical data is questionable, and hence we need an appreciation of the reliability of estimates. The 2002 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey allows a detailed interrogation of the reliability of estimates. This paper critically analyses socioeconomic changes between 1994 and 2002 for remote and other areas by comparing the recent data with analogous data collected in 1994. Changes in health status and a range of socio‐economic indicators are documented to provide a more balanced assessment of the level of economic and social development in the respective areas. 相似文献
15.
目前社会救助保障制度已基本覆盖浙江省孤残儿童,大部分孤残儿童享受养育、医疗、康复、教育等方面的优惠政策,基本权益得到有效保障。但是,孤残儿童保障政策制定和实施、儿童福利机构的建设也存在一些问题。应加强各部门之间的组织协调,合力推进儿童福利事业发展;出台儿童福利保障政策,建立完善新型孤残儿童福利体系;加强儿童福利机构自身建设,提升可持续发展能力;积极稳妥推行家庭寄养工作;加强舆论宣传,弘扬爱心助残助孤义举,推动孤儿福利事业与慈善事业共同发展。 相似文献
16.
The labour supply incentives provided by the early retirement rules of the United States Social Security Old Age benefits program are of growing importance as the Normal Retirement Age (NRA) increases to 67 and the labour force participation of older Americans starts to increase. These incentives allow individuals who claim benefits before the NRA but continue to work, or return to the labour force, to increase their future rate of benefit pay by having benefits withheld. Since the adjustment of the benefit rate takes place only after the NRA is reached, benefits received before the NRA can become actuarially unfair for those who continue to work after claiming. Consistent with these incentives, estimates from bivariate models of the monthly labour force exit and claiming hazards using data from the Health and Retirement Study indicate that early claimers who do not withdraw from the labour force around the time they claim are increasingly likely to stay in the labour force. 相似文献
17.
Laura Vallejo-Torres Stephen Morris Beatriz G. Lopez-Valcarcel 《Applied economics》2018,50(36):3870-3884
Obesity is increasingly becoming a source of discrimination in many domains of living, including at the workplace. In this study, we estimate obesity-related discrimination in work settings in Spain and explore its potential sources. We use data from the European Health Interview Survey conducted in 2009–2010. Our models control for a comprehensive set of demographic, socioeconomic, health, and work-related sickness characteristics. We run separate models for women and men, and stratify by type of occupation and by area obesity prevalence. Our results indicate that weight-related discrimination in work settings in Spain is concentrated among women with morbid obesity, particularly among those working in customer-facing jobs and living in areas with low-obesity prevalence. These findings emphasize the persistence of the gendered nature of obesity-related discrimination, and provide evidence of a form of induced statistical discrimination. Employers’ expectations of lower returns from obese workers in customer facing jobs might be driven by customers’ preferences caused by social stigma. Furthermore, the role of area-obesity prevalence highlights the impact of cultural social norms even within the same country. 相似文献
18.
19.
We examine socioeconomic heterogeneity in children's time use using diary data from two waves of a nationally representative longitudinal cohort study in Ireland. Children from disadvantaged households spend significantly less time reading, doing homework, and engaging in physical exercise and sport than their counterparts, and more time engaging in unstructured play. Though most gaps are relatively small at age 9, they widen considerably by age 13. This pattern is similar for girls and boys. Parental education appears to be a more important factor in family investment decisions about children's time use than household income. Given the important role of extra-curricular activities in promoting cognitive and non-cognitive skill development, the systematic differences in children's time use we document in this paper may contribute to cumulative disadvantage and widening skill gaps through adolescence and into adulthood. 相似文献
20.
This article examines the dynamic nature of human capital formation in the context of childhood obesity and the association of household income and childhood obesity in Australia using the first five waves of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children. Our results show a strong evidence of dynamic nature of child obesity: the lag obesity is a significant and robust predictor of obesity in the current period. We also found that the main channel for childhood obesity is inter-generational trait: the probability of obesity in children born to an obese mother or father is 15% higher than that of other children. Other important determinants are lifestyle factors, including the consumption of drinks with a high sugar content and the amount of time watching TV. Income becomes an insignificant determinant of childhood obesity once we control for unobserved individual heterogeneity. 相似文献