吉林省区域经济差异分析

考虑到测算吉林省区域差异的必要性,在分析有关区域差异内涵和理论的基础上,从理论方面,提出一种有关区域差异形成机制的假设,在实证研究方面,运用Theil指数的空间分解和基尼系数的产业分解两种方法,分析了吉林省1993—2003年这段时间内其区域差异的变化情况,最后简要分析了上述结果产生的原因,并提出一些建议。     

ICT and income inequality: a cross-national perspective

The importance of information and communications technology (ICT) for economic growth and development is widely researched and seemingly well understood, but the effect of such investments on income inequality is less well documented. On the one hand, improvements in infrastructure are expected to expand economic opportunities for previously underserved populations. On the other hand, ICT growth may exacerbate inequality due to differential access and skill premiums. We use panel data from 109 countries during the period 2001–2014 to examine the empirical connection between ICT and income inequality in a cross-national context. Our results suggest that the effect of ICT on income inequality depends both on the specific type of ICT and on the measure of income inequality. In addition, the magnitude of ICT’s effect on income inequality is comparable to that of more traditional forms of economic infrastructure. Finally, we find that the association between ICT and income inequality is conditional on other economic and political characteristics.     

中国市域经济发展差异的空间分析

区域经济发展差异历来是学者和政府相关部门关注的重要课题。文章采用全国338个地、市、州,1990、1995、2000和2004年四期人均GDP数据(包括市辖县),定性定量分析了我国市域经济发展的差异和特征。结果显示,中国市域经济的发展有从沿海发达地区向中、西部逐步扩散的趋势,扩散的范围在扩大,但强度在减弱,而市域经济发展的差距总体上却有继续扩大的趋势。     

Does economic freedom increase income inequality? Evidence from the EU countries

This paper examines the relationship between economic liberalization and income inequality in the EU using panel data for the 2000s. The empirical evidence suggests that economic freedom is strongly related to income inequality. However, not all areas of economic freedom affect income distribution similarly. Government size is robustly associated with inequality, and also when controlling for potential endogeneity in a dynamic panel data analysis. Regulation is linked to income inequality as well, whereas legal system and sound money have no significant effects on income distribution. In the case of freedom to trade internationally, the relationship differs between old (EU-15) and new (former socialist) EU countries.     

我国收入差距与经济增长的面板协整与因果关系研究

笔者运用最近发展起来的面板协整技术,分析了我国收入差距与经济增长的关系。研究结果表明,全国以及东中西部的收入差距与经济增长之间存在长期的稳定关系;尽管对于全国和东部地区,收入差距和经济增长的因果关系并不明显,但对于中部和西部,收入差距和经济增长之间存在长期和短期的因果关系。     

Long term trends in fair and unfair inequality in the United States

This article analyses the microeconomic sources of wage inequality in the United States from 1967–2012. Decomposing inequality into factors categorized by degree of personal responsibility, education explains over twice as much of inequality today as 45 years ago. However, neither hours worked nor education, industry, marital status, or geographical location can explain the rise in income inequality. In fact, ‘unfair’ inequality (income disparity derived from non-responsibility factors) has risen faster than ‘fair’ inequality (income disparity derived from responsibility factors), regardless of the set of variables chosen as fair sources of inequality. We further examine income inequalities within gender and racial groups, finding substantial heterogeneity. Overall, using micro data to understand the sources of inequality and how these changes over time can provide better information for policymakers motivated to combat rising inequality.     

Multidimensional generalized Gini indices

Summary. The axioms that characterize the generalized Gini social evaluation orderings for one-dimensional distributions are extended to the multidimensional attributes case. A social evaluation ordering is shown to have a two-stage aggregation representation if these axioms and a separability assumption are satisfied. In the first stage, the distributions of each attribute are aggregated using generalized Gini social evaluation functions. The functional form of the second-stage aggregator depends on the number of attributes and on which version of a comonotonic additivity axiom is used. The implications of these results for the corresponding multidimensional indices of relative and absolute inequality are also considered.Received: 20 August 2003, Revised: 26 May 2004, JEL Classification Numbers: D63. Correspondence to: John A. WeymarkWe are grateful to our referee for his or her comments.     

江苏省区域经济差异测度分析——基于基尼系数分解

系统地计算了1978--2009年江苏省县域人均GDP的基尼系数,并将其分解为三个部分：区域内经济差异、区域间经济净差异和区域间经济逆差异。结果表明：江苏省区域经济差异总体上呈波动性的扩大趋势。在小尺度县域单元上,江苏省区域经济差异主要受一般县市经济差异的影响,市辖区的差异变化不大。在大尺度区域单元上,苏南、苏中、苏北三大区域间的经济净差异决定着江苏省区域经济差异,随着区域间经济逆差异越来越小,苏北、苏中人均GDP高的县市逐步被苏南入均GDP的低的县市赶上和超过。要积极壮大苏中和苏北县域经济,实施有利于缩小经济差异的区域政策和措施。     

中国地区差距的时空演变特点及启示

本文回顾了近年来国内外学者关于中国地区差距问题研究的内容、方法和结论;在此基础上总结了研究该问题的欠缺与不足,提出了新时期新特点下研究该问题的新思路;归纳提炼了国内外研究地区差距的主要理论模型;收集、整理了中国31个省、自治区、直辖市1978-2003年的相关省际数据,将内地划分为八大综合经济区,运用理论模型计算和分解了地区差距;并归纳总结了研究中得失与启示.通过本文研究,揭示了现阶段我国地区差距的主要来源与构成,及中国各区域在地区差距中的时空演变特点、地位作用和发展趋势,为相关领域的进一步研究打下了基础.     

Internationalisation,growth and pay inequality: a cointegration analysis for Turkey, 1970–2007

The nature of the internationalisation-growth-inequality nexus is very complex; and therefore, not surprisingly, there is no consensus on whether increasing openness to trade leads to higher inequality or not – in fact, there is even no full understanding on the impact of the openness on the economic growth. In the case of Turkey it is observed that there is relatively little empirical work that addresses the issue of inequality. Considering this fact, the study aims to provide some more evidence on the complex relationship between trade openness, foreign direct investment, economic growth and pay inequality by utilising a combination of different Theil Indices of pay inequality. The paper utilises the Johansen Cointegration and Granger Causality methods. Our findings yield that higher economic growth resulting from trade openness comes with higher pay inequality.     

新一轮集体林权改革评价:林地分配平等性视角——基于福建调查的实证研究

总体来看,新一轮集体林权改革使林地分配状况变差,但是对于初始林地面积较低的林户而言,林地的分配状况是改善的。总体状况变差主要是由于初始林地面积较高的林户得到了更多的林地。另外,林地面积的变化与林户改革前所拥有的林地面积之间是\"U\"型关系。这主要是由改革的自上而下和制度变迁的路径依赖共同造成的。     

财政分权对中国收入差距的影响——基于居民收入基尼系数的实证分析

文章在财政分权理论的框架下,利用21个省市区1995～2004年间的面板数据,实证检验了财政分权对中国收入不平等的影响。结果发现：财政分权对中国居民收入差距的整体扩大起到推动作用,但对西部地区的整体和农村的收入差距具有抑制作用;经济发展水平、人口浓度、人力资本和城市化等控制变量对收入差距也有不同的影响。