排污权价格形成机制及其优化分析

构建有效的排污权价格形成与运行机制是排污权交易制度建设的关键环节。本文分析了排污权的初始分配机制以及不同市场条件下排污权交易的价格形成机制。在完全竞争市场条件下,排污权的市场价格等于各企业的边际治理成本。经济增长、污染治理技术进步、政府环境目标以及预期因素等将对排污权价格变动产生影响。在不完全竞争条件下,市场势力和交易费用的存在降低了排污权价格机制的效率。文章最后提出了优化排污权价格形成和运行机制的政策建议。     

Market Access for Developing Countries： Advantages and Constraints

This paper examines the issue of market access for development in the context of Africa during the age of globalization. The opportunity offered by China--the huge emerging market for Africa＇s exports goes in the way of openness source of economic success.     

农产品市场价格关系研究进展

从市场整合和市场边际两个方面评述了国内外农产品市场价格关系研究。首先介绍了空间分离市场均衡理论以及农产品市场价格关系研究的分析框架,然后评述了国内外市场整合和市场边际研究的进程,重点介绍了计量模型的发展与应用,指出供应链体系的市场整合和非对称性价格传递是现阶段的研究热点。最后提出要注意模型选择与数据可获得性等问题对研究结论的影响。     

转型时期企业投资的两维度环境分析

企业投资的实现需要两个维度的宏观环境:一个是宏观的投资机会环境;另一个是宏观融资环境.宏观投资机会环境主要通过商业周期变化影响投资,但不确定性加大商业周期的变动性,加大对投资的影响.宏观融资环境通过有效的融资体系提高融资资源的有效配置.转型时期,制度的过渡性和制度缺乏使两维的宏观环境具有特殊性,影响了投资的稳定性和资源的最优配置.两维度环境相互影响,并成为宏观经济运行的行为层次上的内因.     

Information–driven trading at the Prague Stock Exchange: Evidence from Intra–Day Data

Many observers argue that informed and insider trading is widespread in the emerging financial markets of transition countries, yet rigorous treatment of this issue has been virtually non–existent. The current paper estimates the extent of informed trading on the Prague Stock Exchange (PSE) using intra–day transaction data. Our estimates confirm that the average share of informed trading is equal to 0.32, which is high relative to developed markets and varies considerably among stocks. Using the Easley et al. (1996) approach on the very best segment of the PSE we obtained a high average probability of informed trading. Since data used in this study cover the period after the major attempts to improve market regulations, our results indicate that the PSE needs further strengthening to recover credibility and to become a real source of corporate financing. JEL classification: G14, G15.     

制药企业广告投资、研发投入与创新药绩效

在药品市场竞争日益激烈的背景下,如何协调广告战略与研发战略之间的关系,提高创新药市场绩效成为制药企业面对的重要问题.本文构建双寡头制药企业的研发-价格竞争博弈模型,探究制药企业的广告战略、研发战略和政府价格管制政策对于不同类型企业研发激励、药品定价、市场份额、创新利润和创新药市场绩效的综合影响机制.研究发现,当且仅当广告投资和研发投入之间存在\"挤入\"效应时,实施广告战略才可能为企业带来竞争优势,但广告投资过大将导致企业利润的损失;其次,当且仅当广告投资效率较高时,实施广告战略才能增进创新药市场绩效;最后,价格管制政策和广告战略对企业利润产生综合影响,在一定条件下,价格管制能够强化广告战略对实施企业利润的增进效果,广告战略则有助于改善价格管制对实施企业市场份额的不利影响.     

论会计系统与会计价值机制

作为会计对象的价值运动,在数量上表现为交换价值运动和价值增值运动,由此决定着会计系统结构和会计系统功能。会计价值机制是对市场价格机制的替代,具有传递信息功能和激励功能,二者不可分割。会计价值机制是企业在与市场或其他企业的竞争中,获取竞争优势必须的机制。     

The relative importance of capital inflows: some evidence from emerging market economies

This article examines the relative importance of the main components of capital inflows for a sample of emerging market economies. Does composition matter? Is there a nexus between capital inflow components? We assess, firstly, how each capital inflow component reacts to important macro and policy variables, and secondly, how the components themselves interact. We find that bank inflows appear the most sensitive to macro factors, institutions matter more for Latin America and external financial factors matter more for Asia. Further, for Latin America, capital inflows interact largely as complements, while for Asia, any expansion of bank inflows might crowd out FDI and portfolio flows.     

新兴市场品牌成功进入发达市场的双案例研究

在文献回顾和分析的基础上,提出品牌从新兴市场成功进入发达市场的营销模式研究框架。以联想和上海家化作为案例研究对象,运用案例研究方法进行分析,建立了品牌从新兴市场成功进入发达市场的营销模式模型。     

依据现实调整目标优化投资宏观调控

只有依据正确的目标，才能运用正确的手段，提高投资宏观调控的效率。当前对投资宏观调控目标的认识滞后于现实的需要。依据现实性和可操作性的原则，我们认为，应转变对投资效益的调控，将合理的投资结构作为宏观调控的首要目标。     

我国航空运输服务业的市场结构及价格竞争策略分析

我国航空运输服务业从宏观上分析具有寡头垄断的市场结构特点,从航线运营的角度分析却具有垄断竞争的特点,因此我国航空运输服务市场还处在重要的发展变革阶段。在我国空运市场特定的经济环境下,旅客的购买决策受到多种因素的影响,航空公司的价格竞争主要表现为不同价格的子舱位数量的决策,并且具有复杂的价格体系。在同一航线上经营的不同企业一方面要针对价格需求弹性大和时间需求弹性大的旅客采取强硬的价格竞争策略;另一方面也要注重差异化价格竞争策略, 避免恶性竞争的发生。     

Spatial distribution of employment opportunities in the city of Santa Cruz de Tenerife

The analysis of spatial mismatches in access to employment remains a very important area of labour market literature. A particular case is that of the mismatches in urban labor markets, which can result in substantial differences in the employment opportunities available in city centre and suburbs. This study examines the spatial mismatches present in the labour market of Santa Cruz de Tenerife. To that end, the results of a survey taken in 2003-2004 with a sample of 2000 city residents were reviewed. Results confirm the importance of transport policy for city residents; they suggest that public transport linking the different districts to the city centre should be reviewed.     

股权结构、内部现金流和企业投资行为——对自由现金流和信息不对称理论的检验

中国上市公司控制权和现金流权的高度分离为我们提供了一个很好的研究投资现金流敏感性的样本.本文从终极控制人的视角,以我国2003-2007年上市公司为研究对象,研究了终极控制股东现金流权及控制权与现金流权的偏离对企业过度投资的影响.研究表明:企业的投资现金流敏感度随着终极控股股东现金流权的增加而趋于下降;伴随控制权与现金流权分离水平的增加而上升.这种结果和自由现金流假说一致,即控股股东拥有过多的自由现金流可能导致过度投资,并且这种过度投资问题在资产收益率低的公司里更加严重.我们的结果不仅解决了以往关于现金流和投资之间的敏感是由于控股股东偏好过度投资还是投资不足的争论,而且为控股股东存在“激励效应”和“堑壕效应”提供了直接证据     

加快我国投资体制改革的对策研究

本文在借鉴市场经济发达国家如美国、德国和日本等投资体制的成功经验基础上,紧密结合中国投资体制的现状,提出了加快我国投资体制改革的三项建议:改造国有投资主体,大力培育非公有经济投资主体;减少政府的行政干预,完善政府的服务职能;提升中介组织的功能,为社会投资提供优质服务.     

When do Heuristics Matter in Global Capital Markets? The Case of the BRIC Acronym

ABSTRACT

Several recent publications have argued that the use of heuristics by financial investors can distort global capital flows, but scholars have paid little attention to the scope conditions that determine when heuristics become influential (and when they don’t). Building on work in economic sociology and behavioural finance we suggest that the degree to which investment heuristics can bias aggregate capital flows depends on the levels of uncertainty and self-referentiality that structure the environments under which investment decisions are being made. Applying these insights to the two principal global markets for corporate investment, we argue that the institutional structure of markets for short-term portfolio equity investments (PEI) is far more conducive to trigger the mimetic adoption of a specific heuristic than in markets for long-term foreign direct investments (FDI). To test this hypothesis, we leverage the high level of arbitrariness of the selection of Brazil, Russia, India and China into the BRIC acronym and empirically examine the impact of its remarkable rise to prominence among communities of financial investors in the mid-2000s on global capital flows to emerging economies. In line with the theoretical argument, we find robust evidence of a strong BRIC-bias in markets for PEI but not FDI.     

控股股东股权质押、控制权转移风险与广告投入

股权质押使控股股东面临控制权转移风险,其有动机进行市值管理。本文以2011-2019年中国A股上市公司为样本,考察股权质押情境下控股股东是否存在调整广告投入的行为。研究结果发现,控股股东进行股权质押后,公司广告投入水平显著提高,说明股权质押情境下控股股东会通过策略性地增加广告投入进行信息管理,而非通过削减广告投入进行向上盈余管理,证实广告具有短期股票回报效应;控制权转移风险较大时,控股股东股权质押对广告投入的正向影响更明显,说明股权质押情境下控股股东增加广告投入是出于缓解控制权转移风险的动机。进一步研究发现,在散户规模较大和产品直接与消费者接触的企业,广告更容易吸引投资者注意力,此时控股股东增加广告投入的动机更强,该行为短期内可以提振股价,但没有起到改善经营业绩的作用且加剧了股价波动。本文为资本市场和产品市场的联系提供了证据,且对相关部门加强上市公司广告费用监管具有一定的政策参考价值。     

The effects of foreign direct investment on domestic firms

This paper uses firm‐level panel data to investigate empirically the effects of foreign direct investment on the productivity performance of domestic firms in three emerging economies of Central and Eastern Europe: Bulgaria, Romania and Poland. To this end, a unique firm‐level panel dataset is used with detailed information on foreign ownership at the firm level. Two main questions are addressed in the present paper: (1) do foreign firms perform better than their domestic counterparts? (2) do foreign firms generate spillovers to domestic firms? The estimation technique in this paper takes potential endogeneity of ownership, spillovers and other factors into account by estimating a fixed effects model using instrumental variables in the general methods of moment technique for panel data. Only in Poland, do foreign firms perform better than firms without foreign participation. Moreover, for all three countries studied here, I find no evidence of positive spillovers to domestic firms, on average. In contrast, on average, there are negative spillovers to domestic firms in Bulgaria and Romania, while there are no spillovers to domestic firms in Poland. This suggests a negative competition effect that dominates a positive technology effect. JEL classification: D24, F14, O52, P31.     

保险资金入市研究

目前我国保险资金年内直接入市已基本成定局.在本文中,笔者简要分析了保险资金直接入市的必要性,继而着重讨论了直接入市后保险公司资产配置的变化及其对我国资本市场发展的影响.