The frequency and magnitude of earnings management: Time-series and multi-threshold comparisons

We measure the frequency and magnitude of earnings management assuming earnings follow a mixed-normal distribution. We show that the frequency of earnings management is the highest when firms try to meet analysts' forecasted earnings and furthermore the trend is magnified in recent years. Additionally, more firms manage earnings to avoid earnings decreases rather than to avoid negative earnings. Furthermore, the magnitude of earnings management is the greatest when firms try to avoid earnings decreases. Earnings managements to avoid negative and decreased earnings are lower in recent years, and the magnitude of earnings management to meet forecasted earnings became dominant after 2001.     

我国微利上市公司盈余管理方式研究

基于我国资本市场“微利现象”,以1998-2009年沪深两市A股非金融类上市公司为样本,采用独立样本T检验和多元回归分析方法,研究微利上市公司的盈余管理方式。研究表明：微利上市公司同时存在应计盈余管理和真实活动盈余管理两种方式,并且真实活动盈余管理是微利公司调增利润的主要手段,微利公司的总体真实活动盈余管理程度比非微利公司平均高3％或4．6％,而应计盈余管理程度平均只高1．5％,为我国资本市场真实活动盈余管理的存在性提供了新的经验证据。     

公允价值对上市公司盈余管理的影响

新会计准则的实施将对上市公司的盈余管理产生较大的影响,其中公允价值计量属性的应用,更增加了企业管理当局会计处理的自由度.但是,未来随着公允价值的规范使用,公允价值计量属性将发挥更大的作用     

公允价值对上市公司盈余管理的影响

新会计准则的实施将对上市公司的盈余管理产生较大的影响，其中公允价值计量属性的应用，更增加了企业管理当局会计处理的自由度。但是，未来随着公允价值的规范使用，公允价值计量属性将发挥更大的作用     

论真实盈余管理的手段及其防范措施

盈余管理行为在中外公司中普遍存在.从盈余管理的实施手段看,可将盈余管理分为披露管理和真实盈余管理两类,其中,真实盈余管理是通过安排真实交易进行的盈余管理.本文主要分析了真实盈余管理的手段,并提出了相应的防范措施.     

论盈余管理的动机及其影响

盈余管理是会计政策的选择具有经济后果的一种具体表现,只要上市公司的管理人员有选择不同会计政策的自由,他们必定会选择使其效用最大化或上市公司的市场价值最大化（股价最大化）的会计政策。企业或相关人员可能出于筹资、节税、逃避处罚、获得报酬、减压、蒙蔽社会公众和政府等多种动机进行盈余管理,其影响表现为消极和积极两个方面。     

盈余管理的实证研究综述

盈余管理的实证研究渐亦成为盈余管理研究的主要方面,而实证研究的具体内容却极其庞杂。通过对国内外学者盈余管理实证研究具体内容的探寻,进而发现盈余管理实证研究的发展趋势。盈余管理的实证研究内容正在从早期的专注于盈余管理动机手段等向注重于盈余管理与会计政策、关联交易、公司治理、审计、企业并购的关系等具体方面发展。     

An analysis of capital gains tax-induced earnings management

Since 1974, there have been four changes in the corporate tax rate on net capital gains. In each instance a firm had an incentive to alter its capital gains taking in order to maximize its after-tax cash flows. This paper presents a longitudinal analysis of firms' responses to the four rate changes and in doing so provides additional evidence regarding tax-induced earnings management. Most studies analyze firms' responses to tax law change in one tax act (e.g., The Tax Reform Act of 1986), yet firm response to one act might not be the typical response. Results from this study confirm such a phenomenon. The results also provide additional evidence on the association of firm characteristics with tax-induced earnings management.     

论真实盈余管理的手段及其防范措施

盈余管理行为在中外公司中普遍存在。从盈余管理的实施手段看，可将盈余管理分为披露管理和真实盈余管理两类，其中，真实盈余管理是通过安排真实交易进行的盈余管理。本文主要分析了真实盈余管理的手段，并提出了相应的防范措施。     

Errors in self-reported earnings: The role of previous earnings volatility and individual characteristics

I report the measurement error in self-reported earnings for a developing country using a novel data set. The data set consists of two cross-sections of the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) wage and salary sectors; additionally, a subset of the two cross-sections may be linked to create a panel. Administrative data from FSM Social Security office are matched to the FSM Census data for the wage and salary sectors. I find that the error in annual self-reported earnings is centered on zero. Additionally, I find strong evidence for mean reversion in the data suggesting non-classical measurement error. I identify the impact of prior years' earnings variability on the current reporting of earnings using administrative data on earnings histories. Prior earnings volatility strongly affects measurement error in current period. However, the effect of prior shocks diminish significantly over time—suggesting that first-differencing and fixed-effects techniques will not improve accuracy.     

Levels of computer self-efficacy, computer use and earnings in China

Levels of self-efficacy in computer use were found to be positively related to computer use at work among a sample of workers in Shanghai. The simultaneous estimation of computer use and earnings indicated that an earnings premium for computer use accrues only to females, not to males.     

上市公司盈余管理动机分析

随着会计丑闻的频出,管理层的盈余管理不仅是学者之间比较热议的焦点和研究方向,同时也成为资本市场比较诟病的行为。上市公司中存在的盈余管理行为已经损害了投资人的利益和信心,甚至阻碍了我国资本市场的健康发展。     

Earnings management by firms announcing earnings after SEC filing

This study examines motivation and stock market reactions of firms announcing earnings in the Wall Street Journal (WSJ) after filing with the Security Exchange Commission (SEC). Most firms announce earnings in the WSJ before SEC filing. Firms that reverse this sequence are voluntarily delaying public earnings announcements. The authors find that these firms are not only poor financial performers but also engage in earnings managements. They are delaying their WSJ announcements to postpone announcing bad news. The authors find significant stock price reactions to both the SEC filing and the WSJ announcement. The price reaction to earnings is incomplete at the SEC filings. The market continues reacting to firms' subsequent WSJ announcements as if the SEC filing fails to communicate earnings information to some investors.     

The distribution of regional earnings in the UK

Utilizing a micro sample of 7317 individuals extracted from the General Household Survey 1973, we show that money earnings and real earnings vary considerably across British regions even when other factors such as education and industry mix are held constant. We also find that real earnings do not follow the pattern of money earnings; if anything, quite the reverse. Whereas monetary rewards are the greatest in the South East of England, real rewards are the greatest in the Midlands and the North East of England. Scottish regions, however, appear to fare the worst in both money and real terms.     

The earnings of Canadian immigrant and native-born males

This paper examines the economic attainment of Canadian immigrants. Although foreign-born males initially earn less than the native-born, their earnings rise more rapidly with Canadian labour market experience, and after 14years their earnings equal and exceed those of the native population. It is also shown that the use of Mincer's identity leads to biased results when estimating the earnings of the immigrant population.     

The effect of computer use on earnings in Italy

This paper studies the effect of computer use on earnings among a cohort of recent Italian high school graduates. The IV and Heckman techniques are used in order to control for endogeneity of computer use. Results show that the wage premium associated with computer use disappears once selection into computer use is accounted for. On the other hand, using the computer to perform a number of specific tasks leads to higher earnings. It is therefore suggested that not all individuals who use a computer at work receive a wage premium, but only those possessing complementary computer skills such as communication, networking and problem solving abilities.      

Accounting practices,earnings volatility,and earnings forecast: The case of the oil and gas producing companies

International Advances in Economic Research -     

New evidence on earnings and benefit claims following changes in the retirement earnings test in 2000

This paper examines the labor force activity and timing of benefit claims of workers aged 65–69 in response to the removal of the retirement earnings test in 2000. We use the 1% sample of longitudinal Social Security administrative data that covers the period from 4 years before to 4 years after the removal of the test. Using a reduced-form quantile regression method, we find that effects on earnings are limited to workers with earnings just around the test threshold and above, as predicted by economic theory. Our estimated effects suggest that labor supply elasticities with respect to the net-of-tax rate are approximately 0.05–0.07 for working primary beneficiaries aged 65–69 whose earnings are between the median and the 80th percentile. Further, results show that applications for Social Security benefits following the earnings test removal accelerated by 2 to 5 percentage points among individuals aged 65–69 and by 3 to 7 percentage points among those reaching age 65.