我国节能减排税收政策效应研究

税收政策是我国促进节能减排的重要工具之一。采用Engle-Granger协整检验方法,对我国节能减排税收政策效应的实证研究结果表明,从长期看,节能减排税收收入与我国单位GDP能耗之间存在协整关系,但各个税种的节能减排效应差异较大。其中,增值税的节能减排效果显著,但仍有改善空间,而消费税和资源税并未发挥应有的作用。因此,建议通过全面改革资源税制、扩大消费税征税范围以及优化增值税税率等系列措施,促进我国节能减排税收政策效应的发挥。     

Cost Savings of Contracting Out Refuse Collection

The article discusses the possible cost savings of contractingout refuse collection in the Netherlands. Our findings indicate that similar to foreigneconometric studies cost savings ofapproximately 15–20% apply to the Netherlands.Moreover, compared with the existing literature we show thatdifferent production technologies apply to internal municipal waste collection units and externalrefuse collection firms. Different cost functions have to be estimated for the sub-samples.Though significant cost savings exist on contracting out wastecollection, households will not experience these cost savings on a one to one basis. Privaterefuse collection firms must pay VAT while public entities are exempted. Thus, the fiscal systemhinders a more pronounced role for private refuse collection firms.     

离岸金融税收征管法制及其在中国的构建

离岸金融税收征管法制主要涉及税收征管原则、国际避税和税收管辖权冲突等问题。实行优惠税制,是全球各离岸金融市场所在国在税收征管方面奉行的一项普遍原则,但各离岸金融中心在税收优惠程度上存在差异。在构建中国离岸金融税收征管法制的过程中,中国在税收征管原则上可以采取中等程度的税收优惠政策,在避税问题上也应采取适中的容忍态度并可以尝试通过预约定价（APA）机制来调整关联企业在离岸市场上的转移定价行为,在离岸金融税收管辖权冲突的解决上应积极参与国际协调。     

增值税减税政策对企业投资的影响研究*——基于企业杠杆率差异的视角#br#

我国增值税改革持续深化,增值税减税的效果成为学界和政府关注的热点问题。由于产品供需存在弹性,企业无法将增值税税负完全转嫁给消费者,并且不同企业面临的借贷市场环境存在差异,因此增值税减税对企业投资的影响问题显得较为复杂。本文针对企业投资决策建模,发现增值税减税会增加企业投资,但杠杆率较高企业由于借贷市场受到约束,投资水平的提高弱于杠杆率低的企业。本文基于2016Q3-2019Q1上市公司的季度数据,利用双重差分模型实证分析显示,2018年增值税减税政策提高了企业的投资水平,且对固定资产投资的影响更为显著,但借贷市场的传导机制减弱了增值税减税政策对杠杆率较高企业投资的促进作用。     

\"可税与否\"未改变我国GDP与税收的基本关系——基于1978～2005年数据的实证检验

文章对我国GDP构成中不可税部分加以剔除,计算出1978~2005年可税GDP。使用相关性分析和时间序列分析的方法,研究了我国1978~2005年税收和可税GDP的总量及增量之间的关系,以及税收与可税GDP增长率之间的关系。研究结果发现:税收、可税GDP的总量和增量是协整的,并且具有高度的相关性。可税GDP增长率与税收增长率的相关性微弱,并且实际GDP增长率对实际税收增长率的解释能力很低。对照剔除前的计算结果,文章发现对GDP不可税部分的剔除并没有明显改变税收与GDP在总量、增量和增长率方面的基本关系。     

Efficient Environmental Policy with Imperfect Compliance

Discussions of efficient environmental policytend to recommend taxes rather than quotas ongrounds of efficiency; a uniform tax willequalize marginal abatement cost betweenpolluters. When polluters' actions are imperfectly observable, the distinction betweentaxes and quotas becomes less clear. Taxes maybe evaded by underreporting of emissions, whilequota violations will not always be discovered.This paper explores the conditions under whichthe efficiency properties of taxes continue tohold even when evasion is possible, and theextent to which the fine for quota violationsplays the same role as a tax on emissions withsimilar efficiency properties.     

建设项目经济评价如何从含税价转换为不含税价

论述转换时流动资金需要加上进项税,利润与利润分配表中不应扣减增值税,但仍需要扣减营业税金及附加,项目投资现金流量表及项目资本金现金流量表等表格不应再将增值税作为流出项。投资利税率指标需要加上增值税额。对于免增值税项目,不含税价格体系有较大的调整。国民经济评价没有转换的问题。     

湖南省财政收入与区域经济增长的实证研究

财政收入与区域经济增长之间存在着相互促进、相互制约的关系.近年来湖南省经济增长与财政收人出现迅速增长的势头,但在全国而言优势并不明显.文章用计量模型分析了湖南财政收入与区域经济增长之间的关系,并提出若干优化财政收入的政策建议.     

建设项目经济评价如何从含税价转换为不含税价

论述转换时流动资金需要加上进项税,利润与利润分配表中不应扣减增值税,但仍需要扣减营业税金及附加,项目投资现金流量表及项目资本金现金流量表等表格不应再将增值税作为流出项。投资利税率指标需要加上增值税额。对于免增值税项目,不含税价格体系有较大的调整。国民经济评价没有转换的问题。     

我国商业银行收益结构转型对经营效率的影响

商业银行收益结构转型是我国商业银行实现可持续经营的重要一环。文章应用随机前沿分析(SFA)方法,构建超越对数产出距离函数,对我国12家代表性商业银行的技术效率和全要素生产效率指数进行分析,以此阐明收益结构转型与商业银行效率和生产效率指数之间的关系,并提出新形势下处理好支持经济发展、推动金融创新与提高银行竞争力和自身效率之间关系的政策建议。     

对我国大城市税收征管效率的思考

随着我国城市化水平的提高,经济税源也加速向城市集中,尤其是向大城市集中。所以,在客观上要求集中管理资源,将税收的管理重心向大城市转移,将税收管理的资源向大城市倾斜,逐步实现以大城市为中心的集约化管理。目前,大城市的税收征管由于存在各种问题而导致征管效率的较大损失。制约大城市税收征管效率的因素有很多,但相对而言,征纳交易费用、征管资源配置、税收服务体系建设应是三大关键因素。节约征纳交易费用、科学配置征管资源和完善税收服务体系是提升大城市税收征管效率的重要途径。     

财政收入、财政支出与居民消费率

从财政政策收入分配功能的角度就财政收支对居民消费率的影响进行了理论分析,并采用全国数据和省级面板数据就财政收支对居民消费率的影响进行了实证分析。研究结果表明,我国过高的税负率对我国居民消费率的提高有负面影响,以间接税为主的财政收入结构不能实现社会财富再分配的均等化,不利于促进我国居民消费率的提高。财政消费性支出对居民消费具有挤出效应,而保障性支出有助于提高居民消费率。因此改变财政收支结构,强化财政收支的收入再分配功能是提高居民消费率的关键。     

关于医院全面预算管理的思考

全面预算管理作为企事业单位健全内部约束机制、规范财务管理的重要手段,正受到卫生经济界的广泛关注,其功能和影响力将日见突出。因此,对全面预算管理的概念、作用、内容、编制及实施进一步探讨,既有理论意义,又有实践价值。     

全流通进程中的中国股市全收益率研究

全流通作为现阶段中国股市结构调整的核心,对股市整体收益有负面冲击,然而调整越早,负面冲击越小。交易税费、公司分红和新筹资金对全收益率的贡献随着全流通的推进有所变化,但是新筹资金对于收益分布始终具有决定性影响。     

On Teaching a Fractured Macroeconomics

One of the most interesting results in the tax evasion literature is that an increase in the income tax rate would increase tax compliance. Despite its peculiarity, this result has gained acceptance as a cornerstone for further developments of the rational tax evasion model. However, because of the mathematical format by which it is conveyed, this counterintuitive result has remained inaccessible to undergraduate students as well as to noneconomists. The author first introduces the rational tax evasion model in a nonmathematical style that is accessible to any reader. Second, he shows that the behavioral predictions of the rational tax evasion model can easily be obtained using a simple graphical representation of the optimum condition that involves the derivation of a demand curve for tax compliance.     

A non-expected utility model and its application in practical auctions

ABSTRACT

This article presents a non-expected utility decision model which is nonlinear in the winning probabilities. The model not only explicitly expresses bidders’ attitudes to risk, but also addresses their preference over the bidding criteria. To demonstrate how to apply the model in the practical auction design, the first- and second-price auctions with both commission rate and reserve price are examined, respectively. For nonrisk-neutral bidders, the equilibrium bidding strategies are characterized, in which the commission rate has a significant influence on the bidding strategy through the critical valuation. However, the existence of the optimal commission rate is uncertain, but once it exists, it depends on the information rent of the highest or second highest order valuation in terms of the inverse hazard rate. With risk-aversion bidders, the only difference to the optimal reserve price is a constant between the first- and second-price auctions. The revenue comparisons show that the classical Revenue Equivalence Theorem fails in practical auctions with the commission rate. This article extends the application of the decision-making model in the auction design in theory and provides some guidance for the auction house and the seller to make their decisions in reality.