浅谈幸福

在西方,从柏拉图的理念论世界观开始,经斯多葛派的宿命论到中世纪的宗教神学,有关幸福思想的相同之处均为片面强调幸福只是精神需求的满足,主观上贬低甚至排斥物质享受。历史上,各派哲学家关于幸福问题争论不休,提出了多种不同的观点和看法,形成了各执一词的幸福观,有禁欲主义、快乐主义、全面幸福论等幸福观。     

The impact of more complex family structure upon marital earnings premiums

This article employs a unique data set from Trinidad and Tobago to examine the impact of their more complex family structures upon marital earnings premiums. While family structure includes the single married couple structure common in the US, families in Trinidad and Tobago often have more adults living in the household, multiple married couples living in the same family, and multigenerational families. Marital premiums for family members most likely to invest in labor market production are estimated to increase with more complex family structure. In contrast, estimated marital premiums for members most likely to invest in home production are decreased with more complex family structure. Results suggest that specialization within the larger family help explain the existence of marital premiums.     

员工福利与幸福感关系分析

随着经济社会不断发展,员工对福利的要求更加多元化,企业对满足员工福利,提升员工幸福感也更为重视。如何制定合理的福利制度,进而提升员工的幸福感,促进员工更好为企业创造价值是每个企业必须重视的问题。通过文献查询、调研分析等方法,将员工福利进行了科学划分,对各类福利与员工幸福感的关系进行了分析,并对企业如何通过建立合理的福利制度来提升员工幸福感提出了建议,为企业完善福利制度,提升员工幸福感水平提供了依据。     

论企业行为对社会幸福的影响

改革开放以来,社会经济飞速发展,社会财富迅猛增加,人民生活水平也有了一定的提高。在这一背景下,虽然社会整体发展状况良好,社会成员的生活质量有了显著的提高,但是人们对于生活幸福度的感知及认同并不高,并表现出不同的状态。这有可能引发出各种社会问题。特别是对于工作待遇的担忧、食品安全的担心、生活环境的困扰,等等。因此,分析了企业行为对社会幸福的双重影响,并就这些影响做出了深入分析,提出了如何在企业行为与社会幸福之间建立起有机联系的思考。     

Cooperatives and happiness. Cross-country evidence on the role of relational capital

Why is the share of happy people higher in some countries than in their equally developed neighbours? We conjecture that the apparent contradiction might depend on a country’s endowment of relational capital, which we proxy empirically with the extent of cooperativeness. In particular, within the black box of social capital, we consider relational capital as the outcome of the civil economy paradigm and use cooperativeness as the macro and objective proxy of long term face-to-face interaction. Compiling an index of the importance of the cooperative sector, we test whether more cooperativeness associates with more happiness controlling for countries’ HDI and other control variables. Checking for endogeneity, using various country samples, and through different regression methods we find support for our hypothesis. This suggests that, indeed, an institutionalized cooperative culture can promote happiness.     

The status of happiness

Ever since the advent of advanced commercial societies in the West, writers and thinkers have speculated upon and theorised about the relationship between status and happiness. For example, in the eighteenth century, Jean-Jacques Rousseau argued that the principal source of human unhappiness was our tendency to make invidious comparisons with each other when isolated individuals in the presocial state of nature were forced together by circumstances. This increased proximity fuelled competition for standing in the eyes of others which is the origin of the pervasive unhappiness that he believed was one of the hallmarks of modern civilisation. I argue that this account is partly correct and partly incorrect. On the one hand, there is now substantial credible evidence that supports the view that relative position matters much more to individuals than do absolute levels of wealth. The competition for status that Rousseau saw as a defining feature of modern civilisation has left the vast majority of people much less happy than they would otherwise be by fostering costly expenditure arms races that reduce objective welfare and significantly increase stress and anxiety. On the other hand, there is also mounting evidence that he was wrong that this situation is unnatural. According to some evolutionary biologists, human beings evolved in an environment of scarcity and intense resource competition, where each individual??s position was closely linked to his/her prospects for survival and reproductive success. For most of human history having high relative standing was instrumental in helping individuals to achieve the objectives they instinctively care most deeply about, namely survival and reproductive success.     

The determinants of investment in information and communication technologies

In this paper, we assess the determinants of information and communication technology (ICT) investment at the macro-level, for a panel of 10 advanced countries, in the period 1992–2005. We investigate the idea that, since ICTs are general purpose technologies, the decision to invest in these technologies is strongly affected by the general business environment in which the investment takes place. The empirical results are consistent with this idea: facilitating factors such as changes in market regulation, amount of human capital, expenditure on R&D, and the share of the dynamic services sector in the economy, positively influence investment in ICT.     

再析会计信息失真及其治理

作为国际通用商业语言的会计信息的严重失真,已成为我国管理当局及业界极为关注的焦点。针对这一久治不愈痼疾的现状、失真类型,本文进行了综合剖析,并再次提出了治理对策。     

Losing children and mental well-being: evidence from China

This article explores the impact of losing a child, especially losing all children (including losing the only child), on the mental health, happiness and loneliness of parents. The Chinese government has implemented strict restrictions on the number of births for each family since the 1970s, resulting in the creation of millions of only-child families. Using the 2011 baseline data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, we find that the bereavement of a child is associated with lower levels of mental health and happiness and higher levels of loneliness for the parents, even after we adjust for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. The effects are significantly stronger for losing all the children. Results have strong implications for the population-control, elderly-care and mental-care policies especially in China and developing countries, where the social security system is not yet sound.     

What Does Dynamic Panel Analysis Tell Us About Life Satisfaction?

Static fixed effects estimation of life satisfaction often gives rise to serial correlation in the residuals, indicating omitted dynamics. Rather than correcting the standard errors, “to make them robust,” this study explores dynamic panel analysis to incorporate the otherwise omitted dynamics into the estimation of life satisfaction models. The analysis utilizes the System General Method of Moments approach to dynamic analysis. The results indicate that overall life satisfaction is largely (though not wholly) contemporaneous; correspondingly, the persistence of satisfaction from previous periods is limited. This finding is robust to a variety of different specification choices. Accordingly, the issue of omitted dynamics in a life satisfaction context is a minor one. This use of dynamic panel analysis, therefore, offers support for the ongoing use of static models (like fixed effects), even though they omit dynamics. Given the highlighted challenges of dynamic panel analysis, static fixed effects analyses will often be preferred.     

丹顶鹤家境的忧与喜

天赐仙鹤南北二家世界珍禽丹顶鹤中国人称之为仙鹤。在人们心目中它同凤凰一样属吉祥鸟，所不同的是凤凰是虚构的，谁也没见过，而丹顶鹤从古到今是同人类亲和地生存在一起的。然而由于自然环境的变化和人为因素，使丹顶鹤越来越少，据世界鸟类专丹顶鹤之所以偏爱扎龙和盐城，是因为那里有大片的水面、沼泽，苇草茂密便于筑巢栖息，鱼虾丰盛可作美食。这样适宜的自然环境和生态条件，使扎龙和盐城的这两大湿地成了天赐仙鹤的南北二家。为了更好地保护一级保护动物世界珍禽丹顶鹤，国家在这南北两大湿地建低，湖沼现底，苇草干枯，鱼虾骤减。…     

The determinants of coupon usage

This paper uses a large sample of survey data to investigate the empirical determinants of coupon usage. The broad set of control variables allows for comparisons of the relative importance of individual determinants and groups of determinants. We find that the set of variables measuring consumer shopping habits and attitudes explains more of the variation in coupon usage across households than the group of socioeconomic and demographic variables. However, the latter variables are jointly significant, and their estimated coefficients have the expected signs.     

The determinants of female recruitment

Each year the net effect of transitions between jobs, and between employment and non-employment is that there has been a steady rise in the proportion of women and part-timers in employment in Britain. the determinants of one particular transition, namely recruitment, are analysed using 1983 data, in the light of existing theories about female employment. The conclusions are that recruitment of women and part-timers is promoted by the expansion of those occupations in which women are traditionally more concentrated, by their low pay and conditions in relation to men, and by the greater availability of married women for recruitment. The buffer mechanism, wherein firms are hypothesized to hire more female labour when unemployment is low and to hoard male labour in recessions, finds no empirical support.     

The Scope and Promising Future of Social Economics1

This essay explores the future potential for Social Economics. Since the beginning of modern economics, the mainstream has been steered by what might be called a material progress vision, whereby the generally unacknowledged pesumption is that economic growth will make the good life possible. Accordingly, such potential components of human welfare as more creative and fulfilling work, greater equality in the distribution of opportunity, wealth and income, and a greater degree of community can be more or less ignored for the present. Less guided by this vision, and unfettered by a pretense of value-neutrality, Social Economics does not view such components of welfare as subsidiary to economic growth. Instead, it is more focused upon the wholeness of social life, more concerned with the full requisites of the good and just society. By drawing upon recent work in psychology, sociology, and especially happiness research, Social Economics is found to offer a more promising orientation towards future economic concerns than does mainstream economics.     

The determinants of pornography actress production

This study investigates empirically the influences of physical appearances and risky sex in the production of adult video (AV) actresses. By analysing data concerning the Japanese AV actresses whose careers commenced between 2002 and 2013, we found that significant increases in the number of video shots of actresses are brought by cup sizes, working experiences, experiences as models or entertainers, and acting in videos of risky sex, but acting in risky sex videos has no significant influence on the production of those with greater cup sizes or serving as models or entertainers. We interpret that these actresses attract the market attention by their favoured appearances, and thus have no incentives to raise their production by acting in risky sex videos.     

幸福管理——组织行为学发展的新理念

幸福管理能顺应人性规律和尊重人的主体性,是管理理性与人文关怀的有机结合。从组织行为学角度分析幸福管理,有利于管理者和员工心理与行为的彻底精神革命与理念提升,对获得人的全面幸福、群体的社会性幸福、组织的价值性幸福具有重要意义,体现了幸福管理“至善”境界的管理价值和魅力。     

Implications of happiness research for environmental economics

Using happiness data to study economic issues is a burgeoning field in recent economic literature. This paper shows that happiness research has considerable potential for environmental economic analysis. The paper discusses some implications of happiness research for environmental policy analysis, specifically with respect to the level of socially optimal environmental quality. It discusses evidence that consumer choice may be not utility maximizing and systematically distorted away from intrinsically motivated options, especially environment-friendly consumption. Finally, the paper describes how happiness data can be used in a novel approach to the monetary valuation of environmental quality and discusses the associated benefits and problems in relation to conventional methods.     

The determinants of individual attitudes towards immigration

The paper formulates hypotheses and reports on individual attitudes towards immigration based on data for 24 countries on socioeconomic position, sociodemographic characteristics and political attitudes. The results are consistent with the predictions of factor proportions trade theory, but also suggest that a range of other economic and cultural factors influence attitudes towards immigration.