互联网金融对银行信用卡业务的冲击和挑战

李克强总理在2014年政府工作报告中指出：“促进互联网金融健康发展,完善金融监管协调机制,密切监测跨境资本流动,守住不发生系统性和区域性金融风险的底线。”互联网金融的概念首次进入政府工作报告,一方面反映了互联网金融有着巨大的发展潜力;另一方面也反映出互联网金融对传统金融领域产生了巨大的震颤,已受到中央决策层高度重视。介绍互联网金融的内涵及特征,我国商业银行信用卡的发展历程和盈利模式,着重分析互联网金融对信用卡业务带来的冲击以及商业银行的应对策略。     

黑龙江省农村金融领域的信用风险及其防范

信用是市场经济的基础,也是市场经济的必然产物,因此,信用风险一旦发生就会对经济发展产生诸多不利影响,在金融领域的影响尤为严重。中国作为一个农业大国,农村金融领域发生信用风险就会严重地制约经济的总体发展水平。因此,从农村金融的角度,以黑龙江省为例,提出合理防范农村金融领域的信用风险,对黑龙江省整体县域经济发展具有重要意义。基于此,分析了农村金融领域信用风险产生的原因和对区域性农业经济发展的影响,提出了相应的风险防范措施.     

农村信用社票据业务存在的问题及解决对策

为适应商品经济的快速发展,近年来,各地农村信用社票据贴现业务蓬勃兴起。该业务的发展不仅使农村信用社的信贷资产多元化,改变了以往农村信用社资产业务单一的状况,而且也为农村信用社提供了新的利润增长点,实现了货币资源的有效配置。但目前,农村信用社的票据业务,无论是在票据的签发、承兑上,还是在贴现、转贴现和再贴现上,都受多种因素制约而表现为发展滞后。一些农村信用社为扩大该类业务的规模,在办理这项业务时存在业务操作不规范现象,影响汇票的承兑结算,易造成风险隐患。为防范和控制票据业务风险,就票据贴现业务开展过程中存在的问题进行具体分析,并提出了相应解决方法。     

国内外企业信用评级指标体系研究的新关注

近年来,国内外有关企业信用评级指标体系的研究主要集中在五个方面:反思传统企业信用评级指标体系的不足进而探讨如何改进;根据经营环境等发生的变化探讨指标体系的发展与创新;分行业以及是否上市等对指标体系进行分类研究,以求评级结果更加准确;探讨如何构建适用于中小企业的信用评级指标体系;尝试建立本国的企业信用评级指标体系。我国今后应重点关注如何借鉴国外的信用评级理念,并结合我国实际构建合理的评级指标体系,以及那些对企业信用影响越来越大,而在传统指标体系研究中未引起或未给予足够注意的因素。此外,还应探讨定性和定量指标数据采集计算的可靠性等问题。     

The role of global financial conditions for credit supply in EMU periphery countries

The article analyses the role of global financial conditions for credit supply and growth performance in individual member states of the European Monetary Union (EMU). In line with the risk-taking channel of monetary policy, we find that in the short run, the Fed and European Central Bank (ECB) interest rate policy compensate for changes in global risk assessment thereby supporting net private credit flows to the European periphery. However, in later periods, a worsened risk sentiment weighs on credit flows to these countries. In contrast, EMU core countries are generally less affected by global financial shocks. This asymmetric influence of global conditions on EMU member states are smoothed by the uniform access of commercial banks to the Eurosystem’s open market operations in conjunction with the redistribution of liquidity via the TARGET mechanism.     

有关外贸企业信用风险及其管理的研究

随着我国市场经济的不断发展,外贸企业之间的竞争日益激烈。很多外贸企业为了占据国外市场,会推出优惠的信用条件,以此作为增加客户的手段,但其信用风险也会随之增加。分析了导致外贸企业信用风险增加的原因,并提出对应管理措施。只有不断降低信用风险,以此提高外贸企业的竞争力,才能使企业不断扩大经营规模,促进企业的不断发展。     

Industry-level determinants of the linkage between credit and stock markets

This paper examines the relationship between US credit default swaps (CDS) and stock returns on an industry-wide basis across a number of investment horizons, with particular focus on the major determinants of such a relationship. Wavelet analysis is first applied to extract the CDS–stock wavelet correlation for each US industry. Then, Bayesian Model Averaging is employed to identify the key driving factors of the industry CDS–stock wavelet correlations at short- and long-term horizons. The empirical results indicate that the wavelet correlations between the industry CDS and stock returns are primarily negative over time and across time scales. Moreover, the CDS–stock correlation at longer horizons exhibits a much more stable pattern than its counterpart at shorter time frames. The results also demonstrate that the volatility of US Treasury and stock markets, as measured by the MOVE and VIX indices, respectively, the volatility of volatility, as captured by the VVIX index, and US economic policy uncertainty, as measured by the EPU index, are the most robust determinants of the correlation between CDS and stock returns at shorter and longer horizons for most US industries. In contrast, the Fama–French systematic equity factors exhibit a practically negligible explanatory power on the CDS–stock link.     

银行信用风险缓释技术的比较和应用

本文对信用风险缓释技术的内容、应用及绩效进行了对比研究：一是分析了三种技术作用的不同条件、缓释作用的计量等；二是从缓释技术的分类、资格认定及法律确定性方面．对比研究了我国同巴塞尔协议的差异．为我国信用风险缓释技术的应用提供借鉴。     

当前我国农业保险发展的主要问题及对策建议

我国农业保险正面临着极好的发展机遇,出现了良好的发展势头.但目前仍然存在制约我国农业保险发展的诸多因素,主要是:农业风险本身的可保性差;农业保险经营技术落后;农民收入低,政府投入少;法律法规建设缺位等.我国农业保险要健康有序的发展,必须改进农业保险经营技术;建立有效的再保险机制;增加政府投入,逐步实行以支持农业保险为主的农业保护政策;加快农业保险立法进程,使农业保险走上规范化制度化发展的轨道.     

Level and dynamics of financial depth: consequences for volatility of GDP

The existing literature documents positive but potentially non-linear relationship between financial depth measured as private credit to GDP ratio and volatility of GDP. In this paper, we extend the analysis by considering also the role of financial depth dynamics. We use dynamic spatial panel models to address the issue of cross-sectional dependence of errors obtained from the standard dynamic panel models. We confirm the non-linear impact of the financial depth level but also find that higher growth rates of financial depth are significantly associated with higher volatility of output. The role of the latter factor is considerably more important in terms of explained variance compared to the impact of the private credit level. These results are robust to changes in the sample range, specification of the model, and measurement of the key variables. We also document considerable differences between the estimates obtained from the standard GMM and the spatial models.     

Epistemological foundations for the assessment of risks in banking and finance

This article presents the epistemological and conceptual foundations on which current attempts to model crises and assess financial risks are based. It draws a distinction between two research programs, in Lakatos' sense: on the one hand, crises understood as structural events within a cycle; on the other hand, crises seen as statistical tail events. The methodological, theoretical and practical consequences of such a dichotomy are exposed. A crucial difference lies in the assumptions about change in the causal processes generating economic outcomes, especially asset returns. Furthermore, this article insists on providing conceptual definitions of key terms that have distinct meanings within the two research programs.     

The role of financial systems for cross-country differences in the link between income and consumption inequality

This article discusses why consumption inequality stays low despite high income inequality in the U.S; but income inequality is closely followed by consumption inequality in China. We show that different financial systems can play a critical role in shaping the cross-country different links between income and consumption inequality. This phenomenon is consistent with the cross-country different relationships between income inequality and saving rates. Consumer credit expansion in the U.S. makes inequality much less serious for consumption than for income, and this result holds to an even larger extent if more domestic credit can be financed by foreign savings. But this is not the case in China, whose financial system focuses only on investment and trade while neglecting liquidity constraints on consumption. Our assertions accord well with evidence found from the U.S., China, and other related economies.     

中国农业保险的赔付风险:风险测度与应对策略——基于1984~2012年农业保险与财产保险赔付率的滤波分解与比较

由于农业保险所承保的农业自然灾害具有统计学上的不可预测性,灾害学上的时空延展性和经济学上的不可控性,使得经营农业保险的保险公司面临较高赔付风险. 为测算我国农业保险的赔付风险度,收集整理1984~2012年农业保险与财产保险赔付率数据,采用H-P滤波分解法对其进行长期趋势与短期波动的分解和比较分析. 研究发现:我国农业保险整体赔付水平和赔付的波动幅度远高于财产保险,验证了农业保险具有高风险经营的特性. 但是近年来,农业保险长期赔付趋势呈现平稳略微下降态势,短期波动幅度逐步收敛. 未来随着经营主体的增加,农业保险经营中须把握保险保障度的提升与保险公司经营风险管控的有效平衡;农业保险的适当盈利性与福利改进的有效融合.     

Analyzing the role of mutual guarantee societies on bank capital requirements for small and medium-sized enterprises

This paper analyzes the impact of the guarantee provided by mutual guarantee societies (MGSs) on the risk premium that banks should charge for small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME) loans under the new Basel Capital Accords (Basel II and III). We also examine whether the foreseeable decrease in the theoretical credit risk premium would be compensated by the cost of the MGS guarantee. To do so, we develop a rating system for SMEs that uses a large sample of Spanish firms over the period from 2005 to 2009. We find that the final effect of the guarantee on the SME risk premium depends on the values taken by the credit variables of the MGS (essentially, the probability of default).