Bank reforms and efficiency in Vietnamese banks: evidence based on SFA and DEA

This study examines the cost efficiency of Vietnamese banks from 2000 to 2014 in the first stage, and the selection and dynamic effects of two governance reforms, foreign partial acquisition and listing on the stock exchange, on the efficiency in the second stage. Empirical results from the two-stage Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) are highly consistent with those from the two-stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) . Specifically, the first-stage efficiency estimation indicates that the cost efficiency shows a slightly upward trend over the period 2000–2014, with the cost efficiency score being 0.93 and state-owned banks outperforming joint-stock banks (JSBs). The mixed process seemingly unrelated regression estimator which controls the potential endogeneity of public listing and foreign acquisition in the second stage shows that selection effects occur in the Vietnamese banking system: banks selected by the strategic foreign investors for partial acquisition and banks selected for public listing are more cost-efficient than those not selected. The short-term and long-term dynamic effects of foreign partial acquisition are documented: the cost efficiency of the Vietnamese banks post-partial acquisition is lower than prior-partial acquisition, and it experiences a decreasing trend since partial acquisition. However, the short-term and long-term dynamic effects of public listing are not evidenced: the cost efficiency of the banks after public listing is not statistically different from that before public listing, and it also reveals an unclear trend since public listing.     

Regional foreign banks and financial inclusion: Evidence from Africa

Regional foreign banks expanded quickly over the past decade in developing and emerging countries and have a growing influence in banking systems. We question whether the development of African regional foreign banks, also called Pan-African banks, influences financial inclusion of firms and households. To this end, we combine the World Bank Global Findex database and the World Bank Enterprise Surveys with a hand-collected database on the presence of regional foreign banks. We find that Pan-African banks presence increases firms’ access to credit and limited evidence that they favor financial access of the middle class by restoring confidence in banks. We suggest that this impact is related to the adoption of an aggressive strategy aiming at gaining market shares rather than through the exploitation of informational and technological advantages.     

Impact of domestic financial liberalization on economic growth in Pakistan

This paper attempts to investigate the domestic components of the financial liberalization process in Pakistan and develops an index of domestic financial liberalization capturing the important dimensions of reform process. Employing the multivariate co-integration technique and error-correction mechanism, the results indicate a positive impact of the index on economic growth in the long run, while its short run impact is found to be negative. Empirical findings highlight the importance of further financial deepening and financial intermediation, in a conducive environment, that are essential components to successfully implement reforms for growth stimulation.     

对国有经济改革的再思考

20多年来,中央和地方、政府和企业,对国有企业改革都采取了不少措施,但见效仍然不大。1999年全国国有企业的亏损面仍达到50％以上,有些部门甚至全行业亏损。     

Foreign banks,financial crises and macroeconomic fluctuations

Understanding the implications of increased foreign bank presence is especially compelling in periods of financial crisis. In this paper, we explore this issue by examining the relationship between the involvement of foreign banks in the banking systems and the volatility of key macroeconomic variables in normal and crisis periods. Using a sample of 20 Emerging European countries from 1998 to 2013, we find that an increase in the assets of foreign banks in the banking system reduces output and consumption growth volatility in general but does not significantly affect the volatility of investments. However, these banks were found to play a significant role in increasing output, consumption and investment volatility in 2009. Our findings suggest that foreign banks’ harmful impact during the global crisis was only temporary and that they seem to help Emerging European countries stabilize macroeconomic volatility in normal times and after the global crisis.     

Retirement expectations, pension reforms, and their impact on private wealth accumulation

We estimate the effect of pension reforms on households' expectations of retirement outcomes and private wealth accumulation decisions exploiting a decade of intense Italian pension reforms as a source of exogenous variation in expected pension wealth. The Survey of Household Income and Wealth, a large random sample of the Italian population, elicits expectations of the age at which workers expect to retire and of the ratio of pension benefits to pre-retirement income between 1989 and 2002. We find that workers have revised expectations in the direction suggested by the reform and that there is substantial offset between private wealth and perceived pension wealth, particularly by workers that are better informed about their pension wealth.     

吉林省民营外贸企业金融支持体系建设研究

吉林省民营外贸企业队伍不断壮大,成为推动经济振兴的重要力量,但金融支持体系建设的滞后成为制约其发展的重要因素.因此,借鉴苏、浙、粤民营外贸企业金融支持经验,建立健全吉林省民营外贸企业金融支持体系,提供多层次、全方位的金融服务,对于促进吉林省民营外贸企业发展具有重要的现实意义.     

Economic reforms,efficiency and productivity in Chinese banking

This paper analyzes the impact of banking reforms on efficiency and total factor productivity (TFP) change in Chinese banking industry. Using an input distance function, we find that joint-equity banks are more efficient than wholly state-owned banks (WSOBs). Furthermore, both WSOBs and joint-equity banks are found to be operating slightly below their optimal size, suggesting potential advantages in expansion of their businesses. Overall, TFP growth was 4.4% per annum for the sample period 1993–2002. Joint-equity banks experienced much higher growth in TFP (5.5% per annum) compared to the WSOBs (1.4% per annum).      

关于国有企业财务资金管理的思考

在社会主义国家中,政府与人民通常十分关注国有企业资金来源以及资金使用的整体计划工作,这就是财务资金管理,属于财务管理的重要分支内容。而国有企业的资金管理通常由固定资产管理、专项资金管理以及流动资金管理等所组成,尤其是流动资金管理,被称之为“现金流”。现阶段在市场竞争日渐激烈的环境下,国有企业的现金流管理水平往往可以决定企业是否可以合理规避运营风险、促进国有企业资金管理质量的提升以及未来的长远性发展,其意义至关重要。对此,本文先阐述一番对国有企业财务资金管理的概述,并详细分析其中所存在的主要问题,最后在这些问题基础上提出优化我国国有企业财务资金管理的对策,望能够通过本文研究来促进我国更多国有企业在财务资金管理水平上有着更进一步的提升空间,以期能够在这个时代市场博弈中站稳脚跟,走向长远性的经济效益发展道路。     

国有银行改革的成本和收益

四家国有商业银行改革的成本和收益需从多角度来考察,从财务角度来看,四家银行通过剥离不良贷款,注资、股改上市带来巨大收益;从社会成本来看,高利差以及高不良贷款率意味着社会为国有商业银行支付较高的隐性成本;从历史角度来看,国有商业银行垄断国家金融业数十年,从理论上说,应当为出资人和国家贡献利润和超额利润,但是,高成本消耗了这种利润的大部分。总体来说,四家国有商业银行的改革是成功的,但并非四家国有商业银行的成功。     

Incentives and efficiency in the kosygin reforms

Some of the efficiency implications of an incentive scheme for enterprises under which bonuses depend on sales and the rate of profit (one of the major schemes introduced by the 1965 Kosygin industrial reforms in the USSR) are explored. Various efficiency problems are identified, and the use of the scheme to induce effort and raise productivity is analyzed.     

外资银行在中国并购商业银行的动机分析

本文对我国已有的银行并购活动以及银行并购对我国银行业发展的价值进行了深入分析，认为银行并购对于我国金融制度的变革与创新、治理机制的建设、银行业资产质量的提升，风险防范和化解能力的提高、国际化进程的加快、银行业国际竞争能力的提升，都具有十分重要的意义，提出了我国银行并购必须注意的问题。     

The financial and economic performance of social banks

ABSTRACT

The financial crisis of 2008 provides evidence for the instability of the conventional banking system. Social banks may present a viable alternative for conventional banks. This article analyses the performance of social banks related to the bank business model, economic efficiency, asset quality, and stability by comparing social banks with banks where the difference is likely to be large, namely with the 30 global systemically important banks (G-SIBs) of the Financial Stability Board over the period 2000–2014. We also analyse the relative impact of the global financial crisis on the bank performance. The performance of social banks and G-SIBs is surprisingly similar.     

Profitability of foreign banks in Central and Eastern Europe

This article uses data for 418 banks operating in Central and Eastern Europe between 1993 and 2004 to analyse the impact of the mode of foreign bank entry and of the parent institutions’ characteristics on bank profitability. The results show that foreign banks are affected both less and differently by domestic economic conditions, but do react to the health of the parent banks and the economic situations in their home countries. Their mode of entry is important: profits of banks entering via greenfield investment exhibit a complementary relationship with their parent banks, whereas profits of banks acquiring domestic institutions are negatively related to the opportunity costs in their home markets.     

Economic efficiency and social insurance reforms in China

This study discusses efficiency issues related to social insurance provisions and their implications for the newly established three-pillar pension system and three-tier health insurance system in China. It shows that these new systems can be improved substantially through some restructuring to reduce efficiency losses. The discussion of efficiency consequences focuses on correction for market failure and alternative mechanisms for financing and providing social insurance benefits. Alternative methods for financing the transition are also discussed.     

国有企业财务管理信息化建设的浅析和建议

当下,我们国家正处于信息高度发展的时代,每个行业都在大力开展信息化建设工作,这里面也有财务会计行业。要更好地提高财务管理质量和水平,大部分企业都会强化财务会计管理工作,并且进一步提高信息化建设水平,这样有助于企业更好地实现现代化管理,但是国有企业财务会计信息化建设的过程中也实现了一些不足之处,本文主要对信息化管理和建设工作进行分析,并且提出一些有效的应对策略。     

Stochastic dominance, efficiency and separation in financial markets

A portfolio problem exhibits separation when all of its solutions can be expressed as affine combinations of a small number of mutual funds. The concept of separation is one of the cornerstones of modern portfolio theory, underlying everything from the mean-variance portfolio selection rule of [7. and 8.] and [11.] to the equilibrium pricing model of [10.], [6.] and [2.]. A great deal of effort has been put into investigating conditions which validate separation assumptions: [3.] as well as [4.] study this problem in terms of utility functions while [9.] takes a distributional approach. The purpose of this note is to show that for the distributional approach, the so-called weak and strong forms of separation are actually equivalent.     

国有外经企业管理实施优劣谈

国有外经公司在体制改革深化的进程中，有许多探索的模式。尤其是处于与国际接轨第一线的海外承包公司，人们对它的改革方向提出了许多意见和方案，我们很难说哪一种方案和模式最适合国有外经企业。在这里，仍然需要强调“实践是检验真理的唯一标准”和“具体情况具体分析”的原则。我们应该防止全盘否定或全盘肯定，以及用简单的拿来主义吸纳海外管理思想和制度的倾向。本文将以上海外经公司在关岛的经营管理为案例，客观分析国有外经企业进行海外承包管理过程中存在的优势和劣势，为国有外经企业的改革提供一些借鉴。优势相对而言，国有外…     

Bank ownership structure,regulations and risk-taking: evidence from commercial banks in Pakistan

This paper conducts the first empirical assessment of the theories concerning the influence of ownership structure on bank risk-taking in the presence of regulations in Pakistan. The sample used in this paper comprises a panel data of 26 banks in Pakistan, for the period from 2000 to 2014. The analysis provides evidence that increase in ownership concentration leads to an increase in bank risk-taking. Managerial ownership is associated with high risk-taking at low and high levels of managerial ownership while at intermediate level, managerial ownership has negative impact on bank risk-taking. Different types of ownership of banks in Pakistan have different impact on risk-taking. While government, family and institutional ownership have a positive impact on bank risk-taking, foreign ownership has a negative impact on bank risk-taking. Furthermore, the results show that capital regulations are important in influencing bank risk-taking with regard to higher ownership concentration. The findings of this paper suggest that the relation between bank risk-taking and capital regulations typically depends on the type of ownership.     

Banking deregulation and allocative efficiency in Pakistan

This article examines the impact of deregulation policies on allocative efficiency of banks in Pakistan. It investigates whether deregulation has impacted the pattern of allocative efficiency of banks and explores which bank ownership segment has been more responsive. It uses data from 1991 to 2005 and explicitly models allocative inefficiency by using the translog shadow cost-share system. Empirical results show that overregulation and imperfect market structure hampers the ability of banks to make competitive decisions. We find evidence of allocative inefficiency leading to over-utilization of labour and deposits vis-à-vis operating cost. Empirical results for time-varying allocative efficiency show declining levels of allocative inefficiency for state-owned and private banks in post-reform period. Deregulation policies induce state-owned banks to decrease over-utilization of labour relative to deposits and operating cost while private banks succeed in using operating cost closer to optimal levels. Hence, policymakers have latitude to introduce more reforms without jeopardizing allocative efficiency.