Pay for play: the financial value of NCAA football players

We explore the financial value of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) football recruits and establish a wage schedule based on the star ratings assigned to high school athletes by an independent talent evaluation agency. Evidence suggests that the contribution of higher-ranking recruits to team wins significantly increases revenues. While the NCAA currently prohibits universities from paying student-athletes, we estimate that if amateurism rules were rescinded and college football players were compensated according to their revenue-generating abilities then five-, four-, three-, and low-star players would be entitled to annual salaries of $799,000, $361,000, $29,000, and $21,000, respectively, in addition to athletic scholarships covering tuition, books, and room and board.     

The role of conference externalities and other factors in determining the annual recruiting rankings of football bowl subdivision (FBS) teams

In this article, we analyse the impact of school, head coach and conference characteristics on a college football team’s annual recruiting ranking. Utilizing panel data collected from various sources covering 2002–2014, we find that measures of recent school success such as having winning seasons and finishing seasons ranked in the Associated Press (AP) top 25 poll have a positive impact on a team’s recruiting ranking. Similarly, schools with more successful head coaches tend to earn better recruiting classes, while schools facing bowl bans, scholarship restrictions and probation tend to earn worse recruiting classes. Various measures of conference achievement indicate that conference externalities in recruiting may indeed be positive as is often suggested; however, there is much potential for a negative externality as well.     

Momentum and betting market perceptions of momentum in college football

Past research has demonstrated that bettors believe positive momentum carries over from contest to contest. This article examines whether there is any empirical support for this belief by testing for the presence of across-contest momentum effects in college football. We characterize momentum in multiple fashions and after controlling for between-team heterogeneity find no evidence that systematic relationships exist between the degree of momentum a team enters a contest with and the outcome of that contest. From a wagering market perspective, this indicates that there is no statistically significant advantage to betting on teams perceived to possess positive momentum. Our results also suggest that the combination of the opening betting line set by odds makers and the subsequent market movement of that line does not systematically overreact to teams on streaks.     

Tuition fees and equality of university enrolment

Abstract .  The relationship between tuition fee changes and the university enrolment of youth by parental income group in Canada is investigated. Comparisons between youth from Canadian provinces that increased tuition fees sharply in the 1990s and youth from provinces that instituted fee freezes were integral to identifying the relationship. Tuition fee increases coincided with reductions in the university enrolment of low-income youth, but with significantly smaller changes in the university enrolment of other youth. The relationships between government funding of universities and cohort size and university enrolments are also analyzed.     

The economics of research,consulting, and teaching quality: theory and evidence from a technical university

We investigate the effect of both research and consulting on teaching quality in higher education, at the individual level. We propose a theoretical model in which academics allocate effort between the three activities, over a two period time horizon, under the assumption of positive spillovers from research to both consulting opportunities and teaching, and of life-cycle effects on incentives. Propositions from the model are tested against data from a mid-sized Italian engineering faculty. We find that teaching quality is negatively related to consulting and positively related to research experience. However, both relationships are not linear, due to the importance of several mediating factors, such as seniority and the role of scientific publications as a signal for attracting consulting opportunities.     

The effect of childhood measles vaccination on school enrolment in Matlab,Bangladesh

There is increasing evidence that early childhood health interventions have long-term effects on cognitive development, educational achievement and adult productivity. We examine the effect of measles vaccination on the school enrolment of children in Matlab, Bangladesh. An intensive measles vaccination programme was introduced in one area in 1982, and extended to another in 1985, while a third area acted as a control. Using this staggered roll-out as an instrument, we find that age-appropriate vaccination raises the probability that a boy has enrolled in school by 7.4 percentage points but appears to have no effect on girls’ enrolment.     

高职院校学生创业意愿实证研究——基于人工神经网络技术

文章基于问卷调研法所收集的第一手数据资料,对高职院校大学生创业意愿的影响因素进行了分析研究,报告了目前高职院校大学生创业的基本现状。文章通过问卷调研法对高职学生创业情况进行调查,并通过人工神经网络技术对所调研的数据进行了实证检验,找出影响高职院校学生创业意愿的相关因素,发现认知、自身禀赋、预期利益、制度环境、行为态度、市场机会等是影响高职院校学生创业意愿的主要因素,并对这些影响因素的权重进行排序,希望文章的研究结论能为我国高等职业院校广泛开展创业教育、提升高职院校大学生创业的积极性提供一些理论指导和现实依据。     

电视广告对受众的消极影响

电视广告是对受众影响最为深远的一种广告形式，在发挥积极作用的同时，它也产生了一些负面影响如打扰了受众的日常生活，助长了个人享乐主义的蔓延，诱惑儿童追逐名牌，降低了女性对自身的角色期待等本文对这些消极影响做了梳理和剖析，以全面认识电视广告对受众的影响，并促使受众对电视广告的负面影响有清醒的认识和足够的警惕。     

消解与再构：大学精神的人文解读

人文精神是大学精神的核心要素。随着市场经济的渗透和大学职能的扩展,大学人文精神日渐消解,主要表现在工具价值与理性价值、经济效益与人才效益、科学教育与人文教育、官职追求与学术追求之间的失衡。大学人文精神的再构途径至少应包括树立以人为本的教育理念、构建科学合理的课程体系、营造气息浓郁的校园文化氛围。     

Family violence and football: the effect of unexpected emotional cues on violent behavior

We study the link between family violence and the emotional cues associated with wins and losses by professional football teams. We hypothesize that the risk of violence is affected by the “gain-loss” utility of game outcomes around a rationally expected reference point. Our empirical analysis uses police reports of violent incidents on Sundays during the professional football season. Controlling for the pregame point spread and the size of the local viewing audience, we find that upset losses (defeats when the home team was predicted to win by four or more points) lead to a 10% increase in the rate of at-home violence by men against their wives and girlfriends. In contrast, losses when the game was expected to be close have small and insignificant effects. Upset wins (victories when the home team was predicted to lose) also have little impact on violence, consistent with asymmetry in the gain-loss utility function. The rise in violence after an upset loss is concentrated in a narrow time window near the end of the game and is larger for more important games. We find no evidence for reference point updating based on the halftime score.     

高职学生创业意愿影响因素实证研究

文章基于实地调研数据和多元回归模型等,对我国当代大学生创业意愿(EI)问题进行了研究和综述,报告了目前国内外大学生创业的研究现状。通过采用问卷调研法,文章对391名江苏省高职院校经管类专业学生进行了影响当代大学生创业意愿的因素调研,发现个性特征、创业敏感度、恒心毅力、自我效能、主观规范等因素与当代大学生创业意愿关系比较密切。实证研究结果表明:独立性格者其创业意愿相对较强;创业敏感度、恒心毅力及自我效能较强者其创业意愿较强;主观规范对创业意愿显著正相关;重经济保障者其创业意愿较弱等。文章的研究结论,从创业人员分类管理、创业课程体系建设与改革等方面给出了相关的建议,为我国鼓励大学生创业提供了保障。     

高学历"追逐症"与失业的经济学分析--一个基于斯宾塞劳动力市场模型的研究

文章从信息不对称的角度,通过对斯宾塞劳动力市场模型的发展,建立了一个针对高学历“追逐症”与失业的博弈模型,并对此进行了均衡和福利分析。分析结果表明,信息不对称是高学历“追逐症”和高学历人才失业问题的重要成因,降低高能力者受教育的成本、提高劳动力市场和教育市场的竞争度以及使学校教育更切合生产实际,能有效缓解高学历追逐和失业问题,减少社会教育资源无效消耗和社会效用损失。     

结构功能理论及其在高等教育研究中运用的综述

结构功能主义于20世纪50-60年代在西方社会学界占据统治地位,是分析社会系统与功能的有效理论。通常认为,结构功能主义起源于欧洲功能主义理论流派,以孔德、斯宾塞、涂尔干等古典社会学家的思想为基础,以生物有机理论为前提,后经过帕森斯和默顿两位代表人物的发展,逐渐成熟。结构功能主义倾向于将社会看作是一个统一的整体,其中各个部分都发挥着应有的功能,从而达到整个社会的和谐发展。这一理论在其兴盛时期也被用作对于高等教育,尤其是比较教育的分析,并且在教育公平和教育的社会功能等方面也都有广泛的运用。文章主要对结构功能主义的理论进行阐述,同时概括这一理论在教育社会分析中的应用。     

The effect of female and male schooling on economic growth in the Barro-Lee model

Barro and Lee (1994), in an influential empirical study of the determinants of economic growth, find that, whereas growth is positively related to male schooling, it is negatively related to female schooling. Stokey (1994) has suggested that this is largely due to the influence of four Asian countries (Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan and Korea) that have very high levels of growth but very low levels of female schooling, and that deleting the female education variable would cast doubt on the statistical significance of the male education variable. Deletion diagnostics and partial scatter plots are analysed to identify influential observations. The sensitivity of the Barro-Lee results to deleting selected countries from the sample and deleting female education from their growth equations is then examined. The results obtained point to the fragile nature of both the significant negative effect of female education and the significant positive effect of male education in the Barro-Lee model. First version received: September 1996/Final version received: December 1998     

中国教育发展、实际投资与实际收入的动态关系

本文在对中国教育发展和实际投资、实际收入的结构分析的基础上,运用中国1952-2004年的实际数据,首次运用协整和误差修正模型对中国人力资本的存量、实际收入和实际投资三变量之间的动态关系进行实证研究.结果显示:中国人力资本对实际收入和实际投资具有显著的正面效应,人力资本、实际收入与实际投资之间存在长期关系;基础教育是实际投资和收入的格兰杰原因;教育相对于实际投资而言在解释实际收入时占据更为重要的地位.     

A simple approximation to the average effect of the treatment on the treated in panel settings with selective enrolment

This article shows that, in panel settings when the probability of receiving a treatment is low, simple comparisons of outcomes between those who are treated in a given period and those who are untreated in that period, but receive the treatment in some other period, approximately identify the average effect of the treatment on the treated. Monte Carlo simulations reveal that this approximate selection-correction substantially reduces selection bias relative to naive comparisons of outcomes between treated and untreated units.     

The impact of collinearity on regression analysis: the asymmetric effect of negative and positive correlations

The purpose of this paper is to ascertain how collinearity in general, and the sign of correlations in specific, affect parameter inference, variable omission bias, and their diagnostic indices in regression. It is found that collinearity can reduce parameter variance estimates and that positive and negative correlation structures have an asymmetric effect on variable omission bias. It is also shown that the effects of collinearity are moderated by the relationship between the dependent variable and the regressors, a consideration not incorporated into most commonly used collinearity diagnostics. The formulae derived enable researchers to assess the sensitivity of regression results to the underlying correlation structure in the data.     

民族地区高校与一般高校大学生满意度比较研究——以西藏和辽宁高校大学生满意度为例

文章基于西藏高校学生满意度584份问卷与辽宁省高校学生满意度1989份问卷的比较样本数据及其构建的满意度指数模型,阐述了民族地区高校与一般高校大学生满意度比较的价值,分析了西藏高校与辽宁省高校学生满意度比较的可能性。通过采用比较研究的方法,比较了西藏高校与辽宁高校大学生满意度的具体内容和满意度指数模型的路径系数,得出了西藏高校大学生满意度高于辽宁高校大学生满意度;西藏高校大学生群体因民族、生源地、是否西藏内地班等因素不同满意度存在较大差异性;西藏高校与辽宁高校大学生满意度指数模型潜变量关系存在差异性等结论。最后提出了提升民族地区高校与一般高校大学生满意度的对策与建议。     

The effect of birth order on schooling in India

Using large nationally representative data, I estimate the effect of birth order on educational outcomes of children in India. To establish causality, endogeneity of family size is addressed by approaching an instrumental variable method. Employing a district fixed effects model and proportion of boys in the family as the instrument for number of children, I show that later-born children attain higher education compared to earlier-born children. Results are robust to inclusion of child, parents and household characteristics.     

高等教育在推动区域经济发展中的作用探析

知识经济的兴起要求社会的发展以知识为基础，以科教为本。高等教育的职能日益走向广泛化、社会化，探讨了高等教育在推动区域经济发展中的作用。