PUBLIC EDUCATION, FERTILITY INCENTIVES, NEOCLASSICAL ECONOMIC GROWTH AND WELFARE

Using a simple overlapping generations model of neoclassical growth, we analyse the effects of both child allowances and the system of public education on the rate of fertility, the per capita income and the individual lifetime welfare. The essential message of the present paper is that developed countries plagued by below-replacement fertility and income stagnation may raise per capita income and the rate of fertility at the same time by increasing the public education expenditure rather than by resorting to child allowances. The latter, in fact, are found to be harmful for long-run neoclassical economic growth and, in contrast with the common belief, for the rate of population growth as well. Moreover, welfare analysis has shown the existence of a Pareto-efficient welfare-maximizing educational contribution rate.     

心理会计、公共福利保障与居民消费

消费需求不足是我国经济快速增长过程中的一个突出问题。考虑到经典理论的局限性,我们提出了基于心理会计的消费行为假说,并对假说的真实性进行了验证。研究发现,居民心理会计账户结构的变化是当前制约我国消费需求增长的根本原因,而改革进程中出现的一些制度结构的失衡是问题的根源。据此我们指出,通过提高公共福利和社会保障水平,降低经济发展过程中的不确定性进而调整居民心理会计账户的结构,与单纯增加居民收入相比能够更加有效地促进消费的增长。     

对福利企业发展前景的现实思考

文章分析了经济界时福利企业发展前景的不同认识,提出应从时福利企业的政策入手,着力改进福利企业的各项工作。     

试论医疗机构的公益性与营利性

通过查阅文献资料,对公益与私益、公益性与营利性的辩证分析,探讨医疗机构的公益性和营利性的辩证关系,得出营利性的民营医院一样能体现出公益性,从而为公立医院的改革拓宽思路。部分公立医院改制为民营医院,并不妨碍其公益性的实现,民营化仍不失为公立医院改革的一条思路。     

台湾公益彩券盈余配额公平性之探讨

本研究收集台湾省2007年1月至2009年5月公益彩券营业报告数据,运用Excel软件内键函数追行统计分析,研究主轴是要探讨各县市获得彩券盈余补助款的公平性．研究结果发现各县市民聚“购买彩券总金额”与“分得盈余补助总金额”两者仅部分相关,但是民泉“平均购买彩券金额”与“平均获得盈余补助金额”两者呈现不相关,换言之多购买彩券县市的民众未必能多获得补助款,彩券计算公式权数不公允,致使同为台湾省国民却有不同之公益补助款。公益补助款关系着地方民众生活质量,以租税公平角度而言,享有基本额度补助款是每位国民都可提出的正当要求,但依据本研究分析结果,发现差距颇大,其中以彰化县民众最为吃亏,综合研究结果,本研究建议公益彩券计算公式有必要进一步修正与改追。     

空巢余悲与生活困境:失独家庭生活福利弱势性研究

中国目前独生子女数量超过1.5亿,每年由于独生子女死亡新增7.6万失独家庭。独生子女的去世使得独生子女家庭结构断裂而成为特殊的空巢家庭,失独父母的生活福利受到了严重影响。利用2013年陕西省专项调查数据,分析了失独家庭在生理福利、心理福利、经济福利、社会支持和养老状况等方面的弱势性和差异性。失独家庭生活福利的各个方面都显著脆弱于一般家庭;失独家庭虽然由于丧子具有一定的共性,但其群体内部由于失独父母特征和去世子女特征差异而显示出部分生活福利的差异性。应改进和细化现有的失独家庭扶助政策,充分考虑政策目标群体差异性,有针对性地进行扶助。     

Heterodox Economic Thinking and Public Policy

Research on innovation and entrepreneurship policy (IEP) is almost exclusively concerned with the instrumental question of which policy measures are most effective in promoting “productive” entrepreneurial activities. The positive (political economy) and normative (welfare) dimensions are largely neglected. I focus on the latter, asking what could be a plausible normative rationale for innovation policy beyond the simple invocation of “growth” and the related use of orthodox criteria (such as “market failure”). This is a non-trivial issue, given (i) the ambiguous welfare implications of innovation in general, and (ii) the fact that standard notions of welfare cannot be consistently applied in an entrepreneurial, “Schumpeterian” economy. I suggest a dynamic criterion according to which IEP should ensure that individuals are able to engage in effective preference learning over time. This reconstruction of the normative basis of innovation policy helps clarify several contentious issues, among which are the desirability of selfemployment and the role of social security arrangements.     

土地政策调整对经济发展和社会福利的影响

构建了一个土地对社会福利影响的分析模型,并用天津市的数据进行检验。研究结果表明：（1）政府对于土地供应量的控制减少了均衡资本量;（2）严格的土地政策会使单位资本产生的福利量减少;（3）土地政策的适时调整能使经济发展沿着社会福利最大化的路径发展。因此,土地政策的制定应该以社会需求为导向,并通过适时调整以实现社会福利最大化。     

Asymmetric oligopoly, international trade, and welfare: a synthesis

This paper analyzes the relationship between market shares and welfare under the assumption of Cournot-oligopolistic interdependence in production. The model is general enough to deal with multiple countries, oligopolists with different levels of marginal costs within each country, and any distribution of world demand across countries. It is found that the elimination of a minor firm harms the country if the country's total production is very little. However, such a policy always benefits the country if it exports the commodity. The welfare effect of production subsidies and the case of foreign ownership of firms are also discussed.     

论森林生态产品的外在性

文章运用现代经济学的外部性理论系统分析了森林生态产品外部性的表现形式。在分析森林生态产品外部性的特点和本质的基础上提出解决这种外部性的最佳途径是由政府提供森林生态产品这种公共产品。     

Policy Guiding and Dividend Behavior of Public Corporations

Reviewing the background of dividend policy adopted by public corporations in China, this paper investigates the relationship between dividend policy of public corporation and the state supervisory policy upon the promulgation and implementation of Regulatory Measures on New Issues of Public Corporations in 2001. We collect all listed companies with dividend distribution from 1992 to 2002 as sample data. The results of analyses indicate that corporate dividend is affected evidently by the state supervisory policy and different majority shareholders have distinct reaction to governance. The majority shareholders are obviously motivated to maximize their benefits and evade the supervision from the state. At last we propose that supervisory policy of corporations should adopt unambiguous guideline.     

促进中国民营企业发展的支持性公共政策措施

民营企业的在发展过程中,存在着法律上的不公,准入行业、土地使用制度上的限制,税收政策上的不平等,融资渠道不畅,政府职能机构不到位、制度不健全和政策环境不理想等障碍。这严重地阻碍了民营企业的发展。因此,在法律上给民营企业一个公平的地位,取缔民营企业准入行业上的限制性政策,畅通民营企业的融资渠道,改革现有的用地制度、税收制度,转换政府职能,对民营企业的健康、快速发展具有重要意义,这不仅关系到繁荣中国经济,完善社会主义市场经济体制,而且关系到具有中国特色的社会主义事业的发展。     

R. H. Tawney as Political Economist

The paper argues along the lines of John Kenneth Galbraith in his analysis of the American “affluent society” during the “Golden Age,” when social unbalance between private wealth and public services was expanded by modern capitalism. In industrialized or developing economies, investment in public services was constrained by fiscal or ideological reasons favoring market provision. This evolution had significant impact on welfare.     

Is the CSR Craze Good for Society? The Welfare Economic Approach to Corporate Social Responsibility

Abstract

Welfare economic analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) equates CSR with the provision of private goods bundled with provision of public goods (or, in the symmetrical case, bundled with the curtailment of public bads). Two common examples are cause-related marketing and “green goods” where private goods are sold at premiums that are then used to pay for provision of public goods and/or curtailment of public bads. This paper expands upon the model of Besley and Ghatak (2007 Besley, T. and Ghatak, M. 2007. “Retailing Public Goods: The Economics of Corporate Social Responsibility,”. Journal of Public Economics, 91(9): 1645–1663. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) for the case of imperfect government to develop a complete typology for analyzing whether the provision/curtailment of public goods/bads will be best served by companies (through CSR), by imperfect governments or by non-profit organizations. Finally the paper discusses the main differences between the welfare economic approach to CSR and the general multi-disciplinary CSR literature.     

经济社会发展中的公害品:理论、形式及其治理

网络谣言、食品安全事故、信息泄露与环境污染等公害品是困扰当代中国经济社会发展的重大问题。本文从公共经济学视角出发,在厘清公害品的内涵及其总体特征的基础上,对束缚当代中国经济社会发展的公害品进行了效应与危害分析。为了促进中国社会的可持续发展,必须构建规范我国公害品问题的法制保障体系和公共政策体系,明晰政府、市场和第三部门的权责界定,唯有如此,才能将公害品的负外部性限制在最小范围之内,我国社会经济发展才
能真正走出公害品困境。     

调节收入分配的福利支出政策研究综述——基于支出“运作机制”视角

调节收入分配是现代政府的一项重要职能,而公共财政的“福利支出政策”则是政府发挥这一职能的有效手段之一。对此,本文从理论上综述了调节收入分配的福利支出政策,包括前沿的公共产品内在分配效应研究、标签分配政策、定向政策、实物补助政策和“付劳收益”政策研究。通过理论综述和比较研究,本文探析了这些政策对于中国公共福利政策的借鉴意义,提出了完善我国公共财政福利支出项目、提高福利支出效率的政策建议。     

Can We—and Should We—Measure Well-Being?

In this article, I argue that recent criticisms of happiness research in economics can be extended to any conception of well-being used for scientific or policymaking purposes. These criticisms are both practical and ethical: well-being is not only impossible to define, measure, or implement, but its use also offends human dignity through unjust distribution of harm and value substitution. On this basis, I recommend the abandonment of welfare economics and urge social economists to propose new approaches to addressing social problems that are more focused and respect the dignity of persons.