Marketing at the retail shelf: an examination of moderating effects of logistics on SKU market share

Given that the impact of retail shelf facings and price on a product’s market share is of substantial interest to marketing managers in the retail supply chain, we examine whether these relationships may be interdependent with the firm’s supply chain activities. We offer predictions regarding the interdependence of the marketing and supply chain variables using monthly in-store observations from 62 different retail stores from five different chains, taken over a 24-month period. The in-store observations included price and number of facings, which is combined with data obtained from the manufacturer on case pack quantity and market share data from the ACNielsen HomeScan consumer scanner panel. Results indicate that shelf facings impact the effects of price and case pack quantity on market share. In addition, we explore the strength of relationships across retailers employing everyday low price versus HiLo pricing strategies. Generally, our findings suggest that retailers and suppliers must work to integrate marketing activities and supply chain processes both within and across firms to most effectively serve the consumer at the retail shelf and increase market share.     

构建基于网售分开的竞争性电力市场研究

在垂直一体化垄断下电力产业陷入电力短缺和电价过高的两难困境。国内的改革思路大多局限于在发电侧引入竞争。在借鉴国外的改革经验 ,并在我国厂网分开的基础上提出网售分开的观点。通过建立区域批发市场和零售市场降低电力的生产成本和零售成本 ,通过建立具有价格联动的销售电价将竞争的效益有效地传递到电力用户 ,从而在我国建立起完整的竞争性电力市场 ,有效化解我国电力产业的两难困境。     

Optimizing marketer costs and consumer benefits across “clicks” and “bricks”

The Internet has revolutionized the retailing landscape and how goods and services are sold and distributed to consumers. One avenue of significant growth in online selling comes from multichannel retailers who offer products in stores as well as over the Web. These hybrids may leverage their “brick” locations by allowing customers to pick up or return orders purchased online at retail stores. This option lets Web-based buyers avoid added shipping costs and long package carrier lead times, albeit at a cost to retailers. To examine the viability of this strategy, we develop a mathematical model that examines the cost and value of providing in-store pickup and return. The model is used to determine the best subset of brick-and-mortar stores to handle in-store pickup and return demand. One of the principal takeaways is that not all retail stores should be offering in-store pickups and/or returns. Our computational results show optimizing the set of pickup and return locations may reduce system cost over baseline marketing policies where these services are set up at all or none of a retailer’s stores. In addition, we show that retailers can significantly improve some consumer benefits at little extra cost.     

零售业务：商业银行业务拓展的重要路径

我国商业银行零售业务发展的策略选择应是：从银行长远发展的战略高度，重视零售业务的发展；准确选择战略定位，分步实施；完善商业银行零售业务经营管理架构；树立市场营销理念；加强零售业务品牌建设等。     

京津冀物流业与经济协同发展的实证研究

随着京津冀一体化协同发展上升为国家战略,物流业的发展将形成区域经济发展的高效路径,降低区域经济运行成本,推动区域经济一体化的进程。本文运用灰色系统相关理论,选取六个经济变量,从总供给和总需求两个层面,对京津冀物流业发展与经济的关联度和协同性进行了实证研究。研究发现京津冀物流业与各区域经济的发展之间存在较高的关联性,总体上较为协调,但也表现出一定的差异。北京的工业、第三产业、社会消费品零售总额,天津的第三产业、社会消费品零售总额、净出口总额,河北的社会消费品零售总额和净出口总额与各区域的物流业发展不够协调。最后根据结论提出了相应的政策建议。     

单边转售与双边平台模式选择的定价权条件

在产业组织理论与实践中,关于单边转售与双边平台商业模式的选择问题尚未得到充分研究。对这两种商业模式进行比较分析,表明企业定价权是非常重要但被忽视的影响因素。进一步的分析表明两种模式选择的定价权条件是：当中介型企业对平台服务的定价权足够大,超过对产品相对销售定价权和对投入物相对采购定价权的累积效应时,双边平台模式优于单边转售模式;这也在零售业和房地产经纪业的实践中得到了证实。     

Transparent pricing: theory,tests, and implications for marketing practice

In today’s retail markets, products display opaque pricing, i.e., a single number that provides no information about the allocation of the retail proceeds among agents who bring the product to market. We study transparent pricing, which is an alternative strategy in which allocation information is revealed. We differentiate transparent pricing from related marketing practices such as social marketing, cause-related marketing, and pay-what-you-want. Using controlled experiments in multiple product categories with diverse sampling frames, we find that transparent prices systematically alter consumer utility functions and stated choice behavior. Our results support explanations drawn from both neoclassical and behavioral economic theory, including inequity aversion, procedural justice, and altruism. Classical theory predicts that price transparency should have little effect on consumer behavior. However, results from behavioral economics suggest that consumers may relax “self-interest” in the face of transparent prices, leading to counter-intuitive preferences. For example, in one set of studies we observe a significant proportion of consumers selecting the more expensive of two replicates of the same product. In another study, a subset of motorists willingly pays higher gasoline taxes for the same gallon of gas, increasing the overall price per gallon. We explain this behavior via parameterized utility functions that contain both self-interested and other-interested components moderated by characteristics of the decision-maker and characteristics of the choice context.     

Enterprise-level marketing research activity in Poland: The PREDOM/POLAR experience

Shortages of consumer goods in Poland have been widely and generally accurately reported and analyzed in the Western professional and popular press. However, comparatively little attention has been given to product areas in which adequate market supplies are available in Poland, and in which export markets are consequential. Managers of enterprise which produce these goods are especially needful of formal, systematic marketing research activity. This article describes the marketing research program at one of Poland’s more progressive enterprises, PREDOM/POLAR, the nation’s prinicpal manufacturer of refrigerators and washing machines.     

消费品市场：2014年运行特点及2015年发展趋势

通过2014年中国消费品市场统计数据的分析,其发展呈现如下特点：如社会消费品零售总额增速继续回落而网上零售继续超高速增长;乡村消费品市场增速明显回落但增速仍快于城镇;多数大型百货商店呈负增长;餐饮业市场增速有所回升,限额以上单位餐饮收入增速由负转正等;从整体上看物价回落趋势明显。基于上述数据分析和发展特点,对2015年发展环境和趋势进行预测,并从服装消费、大兴零售企业家纺销售、家电销售、化妆品销售和食品销售五个方面进行了具体的分析预测。     

Modality and offering effects in sales presentations for a good versus a service

More businesses than ever are using telemarketing as a complement to or substitute for face-to-face selling. More businesses than ever are also selling services in lieu of selling goods. Yet, despite these trends, no empirical research has documented the relative effectiveness of telesales versus face-to-face presentations for selling goods versus services. The author begins to fill this void in the literature by presenting an initial investigation into the effects of modality (telesales vs. face-to-face presentation) and offering (a service vs. a good) on consumer recall, attitudes, and behavioral intentions. The findings reveal that recall is higher in a face-to-face presentation, attitudes and behavioral intentions are more positive following a telesales presentation for a service, and attitudes and behavioral intentions for a good are unaffected by the nature of the sales presentation. Implications of the findings for research, business practice, and future study are discussed. David M. Szymanski is the Al and Marion Withers Faculty Research Fellow and Director, Center for Retailing Studies, in the Lowry Mays College & Graduate School of Business, Texas A&M University. His research interests include applied meta-analysis, marketing strategy, personal selling, product innovation, and retailing strategy. Representative research has appeared in theJournal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Journal of Marketing, Journal of Marketing Research, Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management, andJournal of Retailing.     

现阶段我国消费品买方市场类型分析与启动市场的政策思考

要有效地启动消费品市场,应深入地研究现阶段我国消费品买方市场的属性与类型。我国现阶段的买方市场是属于有效供给不足与收入分配偏差同时并存的买方市场。这种买方市场是既不同于其它类型买方市场的运行特点,更不同于西方市场经济国家目前所呈现的买方市场运行特点,宏观经济政策的制定必须以此为基础。     

论中国电力企业的组合市场营销

电力商品的技术经济特征是电力企业市场营销的起点,电力经济的运营模式是电力企业市场营销的基础,电力市场的新特征是电力企业确定市场营销策略的依据,电力企业在市场营销的过程中,要结合电力经济的技术经济特征,系统应用市场营销的思想和方法,注意管理学和经济学提供的合作营销、博弈论和期权期货等新思想和新方法的运用。     

Product classification and the theory of consumer behavior

Product classifications have been used as a normative framework to generalize product characteristics and market responses. To be more useful in guiding marketing strategy, classification schemes should incorporate the characteristics of the consumer's decision process. This article attempts to establish the link between product classification and consumer decision theory by demonstrating a direct association between Copeland's well-known convenience-shopping goods typology and the Howard-Sheth model of consumer decision-making.     

消费品市场有效供给不足的成因及对策

在买方市场条件下 ,我国消费品市场有效供给不足表现为 :消费品市场上的商品价位与消费者的市场收入层次错位、名优品牌和知名品牌商品少、城乡消费鸿沟加深。造成消费品市场有效供给不足的原因是 :消费品生产的市场定位出现误差、生产技术含量低、市场营销能力不强等。要达到消费品市场均衡 ,必须要做好市场定位、提高产品的技术含量、推进名牌战略、降低经营成本     

Determinants of retail profit performance: A consideration of retail marketing strategies

The influence of retail marketing strategies on profit performance was investigated for a sample of thirty-five retail firms for the nine year period from 1970–1978 (n=315). Sales growth, market share, the capital-to-labor-ratio, and average inventory were found to be significantly associated with profit performance as hypothesized. Findings suggest that the keys to evaluating and selecting retail marketing strategies are: the impact on sales growth, market share, capital-to-labor ratios, and the average inventory level. Managerial implications are presented.     

中国零售业的环境指数、业态生命周期与业态变迁

本文以环境理论与零售生产周期假说为理论基础。首先从社会商品零售总额、人均收入、恩格尔系数、冰箱拥有率、小轿车拥有率等主要指数分析中国零售业环境的变化;然后结合西方零售业态的生命周期,分析我国百货业、超级市场、便利商店、仓储商店的发展;最后,分析了中国零售业业态变迁的过程、目前多业态并存的变迁结果,并提出了中国零售企业的策略建议。     

外资零售企业能否威胁中国国家经济安全的原因探讨

中国消费市场的巨大潜力及国外零售市场的饱和,促使外资零售企业进入中国市场,他们不仅同中国国内的零售企业争夺零售市场份额,而且凭借强大的分销优势影响上游的供应商。从外资零售企业在华发展现状、国内零售企业的本土优势及发展空间等几个方面来探讨外资零售企业能否威胁中国经济安全。     

The consumer retail search process: A conceptual model and research agenda

Consumers are continually faced with the task of finding their way through a wide variety of retail environments. Surprisingly, very little research has addressed questions about how consumers physically search through retail settings. This article explores this important, yet little researched behavior. A conceptual model of the consumer’s retail search process (CRSP) and several research propositions are advanced. The CRSP model integrates research findings relevant to an understanding of consumer retail search behavior. Literature from such diverse fields of scientific inquiry as environmental psychology, human factors, architecture, and marketing are reviewed and serve as the theoretical basis of the CRSP model. He received his Ph.D. in marketing from Pennsylvania State University in 1991. His current research interest concerns how consumers interact with the physical environment and how this interaction influences subsequent behavior. His research has been published in theInternational Journal of Research in Marketing and theJournal of Marketing Education. His teaching and research interests focus on marketing and the environment and services marketing. He has carried out extensive research under sponsorship of federal, state, and local agencies on consumer behavior and urban travel and energy consumption. He received a B.S. degree in psychology from the University of Washington in 1966 and a Ph.D., also in psychology, from the University of North Carolina in 1972.     

京津冀市场一体化协同发展：现状评估及发展预测

基于相对价格法和主成分分析法,构建综合反映商品市场及要素市场的京津冀市场一体化协同发展测度体系,研究京津冀市场一体化的历史进程及现状。利用2001—2013年11大类商品价格指数和3类生产要素的价格,发现：总体来看,京津冀市场一体化程度在调整中不断提升;京津冀商品市场一体化取得显著成效,长期稳定在较高水平;京津冀要素市场一体化程度低且波动幅度大,是京津冀市场一体化的难点。最后,对今后京津冀市场一体化协同发展战略的实施提出建议及发展预测。