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1.
We introduce spatial spillovers as an externality in the production function of competitive firms operating within a finite spatial domain under adjustment costs. Spillovers may attenuate with distance and the overall externality could contain positive and negative components with the overall effect being positive. We show that when the spatial externality is not internalized by firms, spatial agglomerations may emerge endogenously in a competitive equilibrium. The result does not require increasing returns at the private or the social level, increasing marginal productivity of private capital with respect to the externality, or location advantages. In fact agglomerations may emerge with decreasing returns to scale, declining marginal productivity of private capital with respect to the externality, and no location advantage. The result depends on the interactions between the structures of production technology and spatial effects as shown in the paper. No agglomerations emerge at the social optimum when spillovers are internalized and diminishing returns both from the private and the social point of view prevail. Numerical experiments with Cobb–Douglas and CES technologies and an isoelastic demand confirm our theoretical predictions. 相似文献
2.
We construct an elementary mechanism [Dutta, B., Sen, A., Vohra, R., 1995. Nash implementation through elementary mechanisms in economic environments. Review of Economic Design 1, 173–203] that Nash implements the constrained Walrasian correspondence. We extend it to incomplete and non-exclusive information economies by enlarging the message space of agents. In addition, measurability restrictions on allocations with respect to prices proper to constrained rational expectations equilibria are imposed in the outcome function. We show that by imposing such restrictions, the mechanism Bayesian implements the constrained rational expectations equilibrium correspondence. This result shows game-theoretic connections between these two market equilibrium concepts. However, these connections are obtained at the price of strong restrictions on the behavior of agents. 相似文献
3.
生产性服务业集聚降低碳排放了吗？ 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究目标：探讨生产性服务业集聚对碳排放的影响及其空间效应。研究方法：采用空间杜宾模型和空间滞后解释变量模型对城市面板数据进行空间计量分析。研究发现：生产性服务业专业化和多样化集聚并未产生预期中的碳减排效应,但显著提升了周边城市碳排放水平;金融业专业化集聚、科学研究和技术服务业多样化集聚以及环境治理和公共设施管理业的专业化和多样化集聚对本市或相邻城市均具有明显碳减排效应,而交通运输、批发零售等低端生产性服务业集聚却显著提升了相邻城市碳排放水平;大城市、中小城市生产性服务业集聚模式与城市规模均存在不同程度的错配,从而导致其碳减排效应无法得到充分发挥。研究创新：区分了不同行业和不同规模城市的生产性服务业专业化和多样化集聚对碳排放的直接效应和溢出效应。研究价值：依托生产性服务业集聚有助于破解“稳增长、促减排”两难困境,有效推进发展方式转变和经济结构战略性调整。 相似文献
4.
K. Vela Velupillai 《Journal of economic surveys》2007,21(3):466-505
Abstract The mathematization of economics is almost exclusively in terms of the mathematics of real analysis which, in turn, is founded on set theory (and the axiom of choice) and orthodox mathematical logic. In this paper I try to point out that this kind of mathematization is replete with economic infelicities. The attempt to extract these infelicities is in terms of three main examples and one general discussion: dynamics, policy and rational expectations and learning are the examples; a game theory without ‘subjectivism’, based on the axiom of determinateness, is discussed in general terms. The focus is on the role and reliance of standard fixed‐point theorems in orthodox mathematical economics. 相似文献
5.
This paper gives a new approach to show the existence and regularity of linear equilibrium established by Lou ⓡ al. (2019) for a noisy rational expectations economy. Different from the existing method which essentially requires to find a fixed point of a system of nonlinear algebraic equations, the new approach is operated directly on an alternative form of market-clearing conditions. One main advantage of the new approach is that besides homogeneous-valuation economies, it can also handle the existence of equilibrium in economies with heterogeneous valuations where the existing method for dealing with homogeneous-valuation economies fails to work. 相似文献
6.
An adverse selection model is analysed, where firms can train or hire a skilled worker. In equilibrium, the market wage is determined by supply and demand. The quality of the supplied skilled labour is negatively biased, because workers stem from firms that shut down and from firms that observed their trainee's bad quality during the training. If fewer firms were to shut down, then the supplied average quality deteriorates and the incentive to train increases. The incentive is inefficient, because firms must share the informational rent and they free-ride. Ex ante workers may wish to increase the firms' bargaining power. 相似文献
7.
《Socio》2021
The study explores the association of socioeconomic, demographic, and health-related variables at the regional level with COVID-19 related cases and deaths in Germany during the so-called first wave through mid-June 2020. Multivariate spatial models include the 401 counties in Germany to account for regional interrelations and possible spillover effects. The case and death numbers are, for example, significantly positively associated with early cases from the beginning of the epidemic, the average age, the population density and the share of people employed in elderly care. By contrast, they are significantly negatively associated with the share of schoolchildren and children in day care as well as physician density. In addition, significant spillover effects on the case numbers of neighbouring regions were identified for certain variables, with a different sign than the overall effects, giving rise to further future analyses of the regional mechanisms of action of COVID-19 infection. The results complement the knowledge about COVID-19 infection beyond the clinical risk factors discussed so far by a socio-economic perspective at the ecological level. 相似文献
8.
Rational expectations solutions are usually derived by assuming that all state variables relevant to forward-looking behaviour are directly observable, or that they are “…an invertible function of observables” (Mehra and Prescott, 1980). Using a framework that nests linearised DSGE models, we give a number of results useful for the analysis of linear rational expectations models with restricted information sets. We distinguish between instantaneous and asymptotic invertibility, and show that the latter may require significantly less information than the former. We also show that non-invertibility of the information set can have significant implications for the time series properties of economies. 相似文献
9.
Important to many models of location choice is the role of local interactions or spillovers, whereby the payoffs from choosing a location depend in part on the number or attributes of other individuals or firms that choose the same or nearby locations in equilibrium. This paper develops the equilibrium properties of a broadly applicable and readily estimable class of sorting models that allow location decisions to depend on both fixed local attributes (including unobserved attributes) and local interactions, describes the conditions under which equilibria exist and are unique, and provides a test for uniqueness in empirical analyses of sorting equilibrium. 相似文献