The market for corporate control and the cost of debt

How do bondholders view the existence of an open market for corporate control? Between 1985 and 1991, 30 states in the U.S. enacted business combination (BC) laws, raising the cost of corporate takeovers. Relying on these exogenous events, we estimate the influence of the market for corporate control on the cost of debt. We identify different channels through which an open market for corporate control can benefit or harm bondholders: a reduction in managerial slack or the “quiet life,” resulting in higher profitability and firm value; a coinsurance effect, in which firms become less risky after being acquired; and an increasing leverage effect, in which bondholder wealth is expropriated through leverage-increasing takeovers. Consistent with the first two mechanisms, we find that the cost of debt rose after the passage of the BC laws; moreover, it rose sharply for firms in non-competitive industries, and for firms rated speculative-grade. In contrast, there is virtually no effect for firms in competitive industries, or firms rated investment-grade.     

保险对企业债务融资的促进作用研究——来自中国A股非金融公司的经验证据

保险融资功能的研究对于丰富保险功能理论、发展现代保险服务业具有重要的理论和实践意义.债务融资促进作用是保险业融资功能的重要体现.本文基于我国2012～2017年A股非金融上市公司面板数据,使用混合回归模型和固定效应模型,对企业保险融资促进功能的作用机制进行了检验.研究结果表明:企业保险保障水平的提升可以显著降低企业的债...     

Bank Relationships and the Value Relevance of the Income Statement: Evidence from Income-Statement Conservatism

Abstract:  This study examines the effects of a firm's debt financing decision on the informativeness of the income statement. This study specifically examines the association between a firm's bank dependence and the value relevance of the income statement by investigating the income-statement conservatism of firms with bank loans. Focusing on relatively small businesses, this study finds that income-statement conservatism, measured as timely loss recognition, is increasing in a firm's bank dependence. This study also finds that the value relevance of the income statement is increasing in a firm's bank dependence. The findings of this paper suggest that the usefulness of the income statement varies with a firm's bank dependence, indicating that the value relevance of the income statement is a function of a firm's debt financing decision. The findings further suggest that bank relationships affect the value relevance of the income statement through their influence on income-statement conservatism.     

Multiple corporate governance attributes and the cost of capital – Evidence from Germany

This paper investigates the extent to which corporate governance affects the cost of debt and equity capital of German exchange-listed companies. I examine corporate governance along three dimensions: financial information quality, ownership structure and board structure. The results suggest that firms with high levels of financial transparency and bonus compensations face lower cost of equity. In addition, block ownership is negatively related to firms' cost of equity when the blockholders are other firms, managers or founding-family members. Consistent with the conjecture that agency costs increase with firm size, I find significant cost of debt effects only in the largest German companies. Here, the creditors demand lower cost of debt from firms with block ownerships held by corporations or banks. My findings demonstrate that a uniform set of governance attributes is unlikely to satisfy suppliers of debt and equity capital equally.     

利率市场化、银行竞争与中小企业信贷可获性

金融机构贷款利率全面放开后,大型企业与银行的议价能力提高,而中小企业信贷可获性问题则需要多角度分析。利率市场化从两方面影响中小企业融资问题,一是利率浮动带来的直接影响;二是通过加剧商业银行竞争程度带来的间接影响。文章构建了银企博弈和商业银行竞争两个模型对中小企业信贷可获性进行理论分析,结果表明,无论放开贷款利率上限管制还是下限管制,随着商业银行竞争的加剧,长期来看中小企业信贷可获性都得到了提高。     

Can material asset reorganizations affect acquirers’’ debt financing costs?——Evidence from the Chinese Merger and Acquisition Market

In this paper, we investigate whether material asset reorganizations (MARs), a special form of merger and acquisition (M&A) transactions, can affect the acquirers’ cost of debt financing. Further, we examine the effect of acquiring firms’ accounting information quality on the cost of debt and on the association between MARs and debt costs. We predict that compared to conventional M&As, large-scale acquisitions through MARs can generate a much greater influx of assets from target firms. This raises the acquirers’ asset collateral and thus reduces the cost of debt. Because the quality of accounting information is a key factor affecting the cost of debt, we suggest that it has a spillover effect on the debt-cost effect of MARs. Using M&A transactions by listed companies in the Chinese A-share market from 2008 to 2014 as our sample, we find that MARs are associated with a higher asset collateral and lower ex post cost of debt than conventional M&As. Furthermore, we show that the acquiring firms’ accounting information quality has a significant negative effect on debt costs, and the negative association between MARs and the cost of debt is more pronounced when accounting information quality is higher.     

企业成长阶段、融资需求与金融市场的专业化分工

本文梳理了实体经济结构对金融市场结构影响的国内外文献,分析了企业成长阶段、融资需求与金融市场专业化分工的关系,得到以下结论:(1)对于市场规则体系不完善的地区和处于创建阶段的企业,融资决策所需的可数码化的信息较少,大多是不确定的意会式信息,适合中小银行提供融资服务。(2)对于市场规则体系较完善的地区和处于规模扩张阶段的企业,企业可向银行提供较多的可数码化的信息,用于风险评估和融资决策,企业适合大银行提供融资服务。(3)对于市场规则体系发育相对成熟的地区,企业具有一定的自主知识品牌和核心竞争力,企业可为外部投资者提供充分的可数码化的信息进行量化的风险评估和资产定价时,适合通过证券市场进行直接融资。     

Does Regulatory Capital Arbitrage, Reputation, or Asymmetric Information Drive Securitization?

Banks can choose to keep loans on balance sheet as private debt or transform them into public debt via asset securitization. Securitization transfers credit and interest rate risk, increases liquidity, augments fee income, and improves capital ratios. Yet many lenders still retain a portion of their loans in portfolio. Do lenders exploit asymmetric information to sell riskier loans into the public markets or retain riskier loans in portfolio? If riskier loans are indeed retained in portfolio, is this motivated by regulatory capital incentives (regulatory capital arbitrage), or a concern for reputation? We examine these questions empirically and find that securitized mortgage loans have experienced lower ex-post defaults than those retained in portfolio, providing evidence consistent with either the capital arbitrage or reputation explanation for securitization.     

中国民营上市公司债务融资破产威胁功效的实证研究

以2002～2007年陷入财务危机的民营上市公司（ST公司）为研究样本．通过相关分析实证检验了中国债务融资的破产威胁功效.研究发现,中国民营上市公司债务融资总体上对财务状况恶劣的公司起到了债务治理作用,发挥了破产威胁功效。短期债务能够对陷入财务危机的民营上市公司起到改善业绩的作用,较好地发挥破产威胁功效,而长期债务未能发挥破产威胁作用。银行贷款能够促进陷入财务困境的民营上市公司改善业绩,发挥破产威胁功效,而商业信用却没能发挥破产威胁功效。     

Underwriting Syndicates and the Cost of Debt: Evidence from Chinese Corporate Bonds

This article examines the association between underwriting syndicates and the cost of debt based on a sample of Chinese corporate bonds during 2007–2013. We find strong evidence that there is a negative relationship between forming underwriting syndicates and the cost of debt. The cost of bonds is more likely to decrease when the syndicate has more members—specifically, more joint managers. Additionally, by measuring the information asymmetry using several methods, we observe that this negative relationship is more pronounced when the information asymmetry between issuers and bond investors is more serious. The above results are robust after controlling for the potential endogeneity by constructing instrumental variables based on the unique setting of China’s corporate bond market.     

融资方式演变及商业银行发展趋势

在金融体系的诸多功能中,资金融通是其最基本的功能.融资方式的演变是金融体系演变的主要方面.金融机构(中介)的存在与发展是金融功能发挥的物质基础.就资金融通而言,融资方式与金融机构发展之间并不具有一一对应关系.商业银行发展具有内在的规律,不能从间接融资方式的变化趋势简单推导出商业银行很快消亡.在我国的金融发展进程中,随着分业制向混业制的演变以及积极主动的商业银行改革,在一个较长的时期内,间接融资仍将是资金融通的主要方式,商业银行仍将是资金配置不可替代的主体.     

股权集中度对上市商业银行经营业绩的影响研究

公司的经营业绩很大程度上取决于公司治理水平,而股权结构被视为公司治理的核心。本文从股权集中度以及商业银行安全性、成长性和盈利能力三类指标来考察股权结构对其经营业绩的影响。选取16家A股上市商业银行2011-2019年的面板数据进行实证分析,研究发现当第一大股东对商业银行的控制权增大时,有利于商业银行的成长。前五大股东持股比例相对较高,商业银行的贷款质量较好,盈利水平较高。前十大股东持股比例和与商业银行的盈利能力和贷款质量均呈反向变动。由此表明,为了提高银行的经营业绩,需要完善股权结构、限制第一大股东的实际控制力和加强商业银行的外部监管。     

山东省外资企业涉外债务融资现状、问题及对策研究

涉外债务融资是外资企业发展中的一种重要的融资方式。在当前境内外融资成本存在较大差异的情况下,对外资企业涉外债务融资的研究具有较强的现实意义。本文对近年来山东省外资企业涉外债务融资发展的特点、趋势进行了深入研究,并结合山东省实际对外资与外债之间的关系进行了分析,最后对山东省外资企业涉外债务融资发展提出了政策建议。     

基于广义超越对数成本函数的商业银行范围经济实证研究

从业务收益变化的角度,通过构建商业银行广义超越对数成本函数的面板固定效应模型及范围经济的测度方程,对中国不同类型商业银行1997～2006年的范围经济进行实证和对比分析得出:从整体上看,中国商业银行呈现范围经济效应,但中国商业银行的范围经济还没有达到最佳的状态;范围经济与商业银行中间业务及投资业务的发展有关,股份制商业银行的范围经济优于国有商业银行.     

“投资银行理论与实务＂课程教学改革的探索与实践

随着我国资本市场的不断发展壮大,对熟悉资本市场和投资银行理论与实务的专业人才的需求越来越大。但现有“投资银行理论与实务”的教学存在诸多缺陷,文章介绍了当前在“投资银行理论与实务”课程教学中存在的问题,并从课程体系、教学方法及考评方式等方面提出了改革思路。     

我国商业银行业务创新中存在的问题及对策研究

在20世纪80年代以后的20年里，我国商业银行的业务创新取得了很大的发展，然而由于在创新动因，创新主体，创新环境以及创新的技术支撑方面与西方发达国家的商业银行业务创新存在着很大的差异，因而我国的商业银行创新仍存在着缺乏系统性，科学性，国内的一些政策和制度以及商业银行的经营管理体制限制了创新等问题。作对这些问题的原因进行逐一分析之后，特提出进一步发展和完善我国商业银行业务创新的一些建议。