农业产业集群优化升级的空间配置模型:供应链管理视角

文章从供应链管理视角,建立了同时考虑生产和运输成本的农业产业集群优化升级空间配置问题的混合整数规划数学模型。该模型通过对农业产业集群供应链网络的各个生产节点的区位、生产规模进行选择,以最小化农产品的初级生产、初级加工、完成品加工和配送的总成本。文章并以陕西渭北平原苹果产业集群为例,得出了集群的最优空间配置方案,验证了模型的有效性,也表明该模型对农业产业集群空间配置的优化和升级能提供有益参考。     

Analysing remanufacturing decisions of supply chain members in uncertainty of consumer preferences

This article formulates a gaming model of the closed-loop supply chain with manufacturers (as the leader), sellers and consumers where consumers may or may not be willing to pay remunerative price for remanufactured products vis-à-vis new products. In the model, manufacturers produce new as well as remanufactured products, whereas sellers distribute them. In stable circumstances, this article presents the functional formula of the optimal manufacturing pricing decisions. The results show that when the cost of new products is significantly lower than that of remanufactured ones, manufacturers choose to produce new products only. When the difference between cost of new and remanufactured products is moderate, manufacturers tend to produce both new and remanufactured products, and in some regions, production of new and remanufactured products is proportional to each other. When the difference between cost of new and remanufactured products is enormous, their production and sale tend to stop. Also, this article analyses the effects of varying cost of new and remanufactured products and the recycling rate on pricing decisions of supply chain members. This article contributes to the management of manufacturers’ and sellers’ remanufacturing decisions and also provides advice on how governments can guide consumer preferences.     

产需双重不确定情形下绿色农产品供应链的协调研究

为解决产需不确定性给绿色农产品供应链运营带来的复杂影响,寻求绿色农产品生产商和销售商面对产需双重不确定情形下各自的最优决策,研究从农产品产出和市场需求双重不确定性视角出发,结合目前消费者对绿色农产品的需求偏好,构建由生产商和销售商组成的Stackelberg博弈模型,探究收益共享契约能否有效协调产需都不确定的绿色农产品供应链。研究结果表明:分散决策时的批发价契约无法协调此供应链。引入收益共享契约后,在合适的共享系数范围内,生产商的农资投入量会增加,农产品的绿色度会比分散决策时高,同时销售商的销售价格降低;当农产品订购量变大后,引入契约后的生产商和销售商各自的利润相较于分散决策时更高。     

A multi-echelon supply chain model for reworkable items in multiple-markets with supply disruption

The objective of this paper is to develop a multi-echelon supply chain model for multiple-markets with different selling seasons. Here, two suppliers are involved to supply the raw materials to the manufacturer where the main supplier may face supply disruption after a random time and the secondary supplier is perfectly reliable but more expensive than the main supplier. In this article, the manufacturer produces a random proportion of defective items which are reworked after regular production and are sold in a lot to another market just after completion of rework. The retailer sells the finished products in different markets according to seasons. Finally, an integrated expected cost per unit product of the chain is minimized analytically by considering the lot-size ordered as a decision variable. An appropriate numerical example is also provided to justify the proposed model.     

A three layer multi-item production–inventory model for multiple suppliers and retailers

The paper deals with a production inventory model for various types of items where multiple suppliers, a manufacturer and the multiple non-competing retailers are the members of the supply chain. In this model, each supplier supplies only one type of raw material to the manufacturer. The manufacturer produces a finished item by the combination of certain percentage of the various types of raw materials. The manufacturer produces also multi-items and delivers them according to the demand of the different retailers. Finally, an integrated profit of the supply chain is optimized by optimal ordering lot sizes of the raw materials. A numerical example is provided to justify the proposed model.     

Capabilities and production theory

The paper draws on a specification by Sen to model consumer capabilities and welfare, and extends this to modelling capabilities of producers and other agents. ‘Dynamic interactive capabilities’ are the outcome of successful interaction between evolving consumer and/or supplier capabilities and evolving producer capabilities, all occurring in ‘real time’ to meet the needs of dynamic competition in Schumpeter's sense. This involves learning on each side, as well as interactive learning between them. The paper then investigates the direction of both product and process changes in producers, driven by demand as well as supply factors through historical time and during structural change. Some consideration is given as to why orthodox production theory should have failed to broach so many of the issues which appear to be driving dynamic capabilities and productivity change in historical practice. Paths for further development of the capabilities approach are suggested.     

均值-标准差控制下的供应链渠道Stackelberg模型

本文研究了在均值-标准差方法控制下的一个具有风险偏好(风险规避、风险中性、风险喜好)零售商与两个风险中性供应商之间供应链渠道协作和竞争。首先,在考虑零售商风险偏好下,提出了供应商联盟与非联盟两种情况中的各方处于Stackelberg-leader或Stackelberg-follower不同权利地位时各决策模式及其对应决策模型;然后,通过对比分析各决策模式最优解及深入分析零售商风险偏好对各渠道成员最优决策影响,得到了基于零售商风险偏好下的供应链渠道各成员的领导者地位将较大影响各方期望效用,而对供应链渠道整体期望效用最大化并无影响,同时,零售商过度喜好风险或者规避风险都将会对供应链整体期望效用造成致命伤害;最后,通过数值分析进一步验证了前面结论。     

政府补贴下区分制造商类型的合约设计

考虑政府补贴下由一个供应商和一个制造商构成的绿色供应链.供应商通过对原材料和产品生产过程的控制来提供绿色产品,也因此能够获得政府补贴.政府依据供应链的最终产品数量向供应商提供补贴,供应商选择制造商以完成最终产品的生产过程,并除采购价格以外按一定比例与制造商分享政府补贴,制造商有生产成本等私人信息.在分析供应商和制造商成本、收益的基础上,建立了一个逆向选择模型,其中供应商提供包括供应数量和补贴分享比例的合约菜单,制造商从中选择一个合约或者拒绝全部合约,依据成本制造商可分为两种类型:较高机会成本和较低机会成本,通过优化合约设计,供应商对不同类型制造商提供不同的供应数量和补贴比例,以实现供应商收益最大化.     

A dynamic diffusion model for managing customer's expectation and satisfaction

The paper aims at answering the generic question on how suppliers make the suitable and well-timed decisions in diffusing new technology effectively to adopters. Three major attempts are made for the study: First, investigating the entire process of the adoption and diffusion of technology innovation with reasonably well-accepted models in each areas. Second, proposing an integrated model by concatenating in structured manner the three prominent models for the management of technology innovation such as diffusion model, adoption model, and customer satisfaction model. Third, exploring the dynamic mechanism underlying outward behaviors of the integrated model proposed in the study which depicts the causal relationships that influence technology adoption and diffusion behaviors. An exploration of the dynamic mechanism underlying outward behaviors of the integrated model is presented in the study by introducing the system dynamics simulation technique. These attempts made for the study and the results perhaps allow both researchers and practitioners to gain insight into the causal factors influencing customers' adoption decision making processes and thereby into the potential diffusion patterns resulting from those adoption processes.     

供应链企业间地理距离与组织距离对合作创新绩效的影响

显性地理距离与隐性组织距离作为影响供应链企业间合作创新绩效的关键因素日益引起学者们关注。采用实证研究法，深入探讨供应链企业间地理距离与组织距离对合作创新绩效的影响及中介机制，并分析地理距离对组织距离影响的调节效应。结果显示：地理距离、组织距离对合作创新绩效、新产品开发速度、新产品创新性具有显著负向影响；新产品创新性、新产品开发速度对合作创新绩效具有显著负向影响；新产品开发速度在地理距离、组织距离对合作创新绩效的影响过程中发挥中介作用，而新产品创新性不具中介作用；地理距离对组织距离与新产品开发速度间关系的影响不显著，但会强化组织距离对新产品创新性的负向影响。     

不同力量对比供应链中制造商竞争策略研究

笔者采用纳什博弈和斯坦伯格博弈结构,分别表述力量对等和力量不对等供应链中零售商和制造商的决策过程,分4种情形探讨了2个制造商在不同竞争策略下,供应链中成员的最优决策。从制造商的角度出发,着重分析在不同力量结构的供应链中制造商的竞争策略选择。研究结果表明:制造商竞争策略的选择依赖于产品的差异性及生产成本的大小。     

循环经济下的混合不确定闭环供应链协调控制研究

闭环供应链管理是循环经济极其重要的环节之一。本文根据大系统理论,在正向供应链和逆向供应链的基础上建立了闭环供应链协调控制结构。针对随机参数和模糊参数同时存在的情况,建立了含有混合不确定参数的闭环供应链协调控制模型,为系统研究混合不确定闭环供应链管理提供了新的思路,丰富了不确定规划的研究内容并为供应链管理运作提供了理论参考。     

基于零售业连锁经营的供应链柔性探析

供应链作为一个动态系统,在这个动态系统中存在着诸多不确定性因素,这些不确定因素影响着整个供应链的运转效率.因此,从客观上要求供应链具有一定的适应环境变化和处理不确定性因素的柔性能力.对于零售业中以连锁经营企业为核心的供应链存在着两个主要的不确定性因素,一个是上游的供应商一个是下游的消费者,如何评价和处理这两个不确定因素对于提高连锁经营的效率至关重要.应对不确定因素的方法可以提高连锁经营的供应链柔性,从而提高连锁经营的效率.     

基于供应商管理库存信用风险的供应链违约风险控制

受宏观经济因素的影响,市场风险和违约风险是密切相关的。而VMI作为一种在供应链相邻两级,其成功运作最重要的一个关键点,便是建立信用风险度量,以销售商违约为例,利用信用违约互换模型规避供应链违约风险,供应商和销售商更易达成交易。     

Quality upgrading in Ethiopian dairy value chains: dovetailing upstream and downstream perspectives

Abstract

In this article, we analyze opportunities and constraints for upgrading product quality in the dairy value chain in Ethiopia. Our analysis is based on an integrated understanding of supply chain performance both from producer and from consumer perspectives. We outline as main drivers for quality upgrading: (a) factors that influence producers’ willingness to invest toward intensification by smallholder dairy farmers and cooperatives and (b) factors that induce consumer’s willingness to pay for healthy and nutritious dairy products delivered at specific retail outlets. Since there are large gaps between upstream producers incentives and downstream consumers motives, possibilities for dairy quality upgrading remain fairly limited. Given this market structure, decisive policy support is required for better tailoring producer’s investments with consumer preferences.     

供应驱动链中供应商主导的一种定价模型

供应链的定价尤其是供应驱动链的定价是供应链管理中的难点之一。本文针对这一问题,首先分析了供应驱动链的运作特点和供应商角色,并将供应驱动链中的供应商与需求驱动链中的供应商进行了比较,分析了供应驱动链中供应商的驱动作用和用户需求对价格变化的敏感性,从利润与需求的主从博弈行为的角度描述供应商定价问题,建立了一种供应驱动链中供应商主导的定价模型,并通过均衡求解引导供应驱动链积极响应用户需求及实现总体利润最大化。     

供应链环境下产品创新过程分析及评价研究

供应链环境下产品创新流程设计及对供应商的评价成为产品创新的关键。本文分析了知识经济条件下的产品创新的新模式,提出供应链环境下产品创新的基本流程,并进一步研究了基于成本-时间模型的产品创新供应链节点企业的评价模型。     

A Modest Proposal for a Two‐Sided Market Clearing Institution under Asymmetric Supply Constraints with Skewed Pricing: The Market for Adoption and Abortion in the United States

This paper presents a theoretical model matching the potential supply of terminated pregnancies with the total demand for children within certain modeling constraints. First, the demand and supply of pregnancies should be studied within the theoretical framework of a market with economic incentives. Second, a theoretical model for the demand for abortion must incorporate the total market for children, which implies the market for pregnancy, abortion, and adoption. Third, there exist in the overall market for procreative goods and services certain unique characteristics that need to be carefully considered. Producers and suppliers within the procreative goods and services market have radically different price and cost elasticity functions and unique production asymmetries that create a potential net benefit for buyer and seller alike. The market for abortion and adoption, while seemingly related and similar, suffer from a fundamental disconnect, preventing a simple exchange of goods and services: abortion implies potential supply that does not flow to potential consumersthose seeking to adopt. Studying this market inefficiency will benefit from a two‐sided market analysis used in situations where an intermediary business must attract both producers and suppliers. There are two key findings. First, I find that the producer decision to supply the good depends primarily on exogenous preference formation and not on consumer‐provided incentives. Second, I find that the market would benefit from legal framework for a market clearing institution using the market for real estate as the blueprint.     

多视角下网络文化产业链模式研究

在文献回顾的基础上,构建了包含价值链、产品链、知识链、企业链、技术链、供需链和空间链的多视角产业链模型。指出:这些链条之间存在内在联系;不同需求驱动不同链条(产品链、知识链、供需链、技术链)的产生,这些链条的核心是价值链,而最终表现为企业链,企业又基于地理或空间关系形成空间链。基于多视角的产业链模型,从供需、价值、产品和技术的角度对网络文化产业进行了分析,构建了包含行业链、价值链、产品链和供需链(企业链)和技术链(知识链)的多视角网络文化产业链模型。     

Economies of Scope and Patterns of Global Outsourcing

This paper develops a model with two Salop circles representing the product space of the intermediate input suppliers and the final‐good producers. First, it is shown that economies of scope in production are the necessary condition for outsourcing. Second, the propensity to outsource exhibits a U ‐shape relationship depending on an intricate combination of the degree of economies of scope and product differentiation of the intermediate input suppliers. Third, an improvement of production technology can have ambiguous effects on the propensity to outsource.