Social Movements and the Dynamics of Rural Territorial Development in Latin America

This special section brings together 4 of the 12 studies conducted within a research program analyzing the relationships among social mobilization, governance, and rural development in contemporary Latin America. The introduction gives an overview of the contemporary significance of social movements for rural development dynamics in the region, and of the principal insights of the section papers and the broader research program of which they were a part. This significance varies as an effect of two distinct and uneven geographies: the geography of social movements themselves and the geography of the rural political economy. The effects that movements have on the political economy of rural development also depend significantly on internal characteristics of these movements. The paper identifies several such characteristics. The general pattern is that movements have had far more effect on widening the political inclusiveness of rural development than they have on improving its economic inclusiveness and dynamism.     

Social capital and self-organised collective action: Lessons and insights from a South African community project

ABSTRACT

Through the lens of new institutional economics, this paper provides exploratory analysis of the elements of social capital behind the success of self-organised collective action in a longstanding and effective community-based conservation and development project. Our qualitative institutional analysis suggests that critical elements of project-level structural social capital in the Umgano project case study include: forward-thinking and capable leadership; long-standing partnerships with external agencies; sound operational structures and management; and legitimate participation facilitated by forms of representation that are transparent and accountable to constituents. In accordance with the theory, insights from the study also indicate that successful collective action relies on processes of long-term and earnest trust building, within and across communities, and between communities and external agents. Such insights serve as a point of reference for role-players in similar community-based projects and have the potential to inform future research on resource governance in South Africa.     

国家行为与产权：一个新制度经济学的分析框架

早期的产权理论侧重于微观层次的分析,较少考虑中观（利益集团）及宏观层次（国家）对产权结构形成的影响及不同层次产权的交互作用的机制。文章从新制度经济学关于国家的定义入手,通过对个体权力与国家、集体行动与国家以及法治化社会与国家的三个层次的分析,提出建立产权制度分析的国家模型,从而论证国家与产权制度变迁的关系。     

失地农民补偿问题的深层分析

伴随着城市化和工业化的不断推进,失地农民数目越来越多,催生了一系列社会问题。针对失地农民问题,学术界展开了丰富的讨论,但目前的讨论还更多的停留在潜层次的经验介绍上,政府出台的众多的政策、措施,也没有从根本上解决这些问题。本文试图从土地制度、权力的市场化和集体行动逻辑等三个方面深入分析这一问题的内在逻辑,以期能够为此问题的解决梳理出一条明晰的线索。     

业主自治的本质与实现的制度经济学分析

从制度经济学的角度,商业化住宅小区内共有部位形成的共有产权以及共同的生活区域所需的自然与人文环境构成全体业主的共享资源.由于排他性的困难,共享资源的治理一般被视为\"多人囚徒困境\"的博弈场景,因而业主自治制度的本质就是实现共享资源自发治理集体行动的制度安排.文章从现实生活中制度培育与演化角度,认为业主自治制度的实现需要契约和治理结构等正式制度以及群体规范等非正式制度的结合作用,并具体讨论了各自的主要内容和运行机制.     

Decentralisation of competencies and local development agencies in North-Eastern Italy

Despite the economic success of north-eastern Italy, some of its areas, such as those closest to the Adriatic coast, are still experiencing difficulties in industrialisation. Since the 1960s, some development policies have been implemented to stimulate economic restructuring. After the disappointing performance of centrally planned initiatives, most development policies are now the responsibility of local authorities. In fact, institutional and constitutional reforms have increased the competencies and the autonomy of lower levels of government, which have also been allowed greater responsibility in development initiatives. The establishment of development agencies is therefore increasingly left to local collective action.¹ This paper examines the effectiveness of such bottom-up initiatives driven by local institutions, and attempts to identify the best forms and the best regulatory framework for such activities.     

N人博弈情形中的行业失德与治理——以我国食品行业为例

文章在古诺模型的基础上,以我国食品行业集体失德危机为背景,建立了一个企业同时进行质量和数量博弈的模型,从双寡头情形扩展到N人博弈情形,证明了企业的逐利性将导致行业集体失德。尽管政府监管水平差异将导致不同的博弈均衡结果,但道德规范仅在中度监管情形下有意义,此时针对N人博弈中要么全部生产问题食品、要么全部生产正常食品的均衡策略,道德规范可以突出生产正常食品的聚点意义。