制约银行业监管机构延伸调查权行使效能的因素及建议

为了有效解决银行监管覆盖面有限导致监管成效受限的问题,新修订的<银监法>赋予了银行业监管机构对于涉嫌违法事项有关的单位和个人进行调查的权力,即延伸调查权.延伸调查权对于及时发现和查处银行违法案件,防范银行业风险和保持银行业稳定发挥了积极作用,成为监管机构实施有效监管的强硬"牙齿",但在行使过程中由于受制于内外部多重因素影响,效能发挥受到一定影响,亟待进一步规范完善.     

浅析我国银行业监管行为的标准化

银行业监管是否有效直接影响到银行体系的稳定和社会公众存款的安全,而监管的有效性主要取决于监管者的监管体系和监管水平.而设计和完善必要的监管准则,实现监管行为标准化,对于提高我国银行业监管效率和权威性,促进我国银行业抗风险能力和国际竞争力都具有现实意义.本文就银行业监管行为标准化问题进行了多视角探讨,以利于构建我国银行业监管行为标准化框架.     

银行风险量化研究的力作--读《中国银行业风险评估及预警系统研究》

在以风险为本的银行监管理念得到普遍认可的今天,准确识别并有效化解银行业风险成为监管者和商业银行共同关注的重要课题。但由于银行风险具有较强的隐蔽性、滞后性和多种因素综合决定等特点,及时准确地把握银行风险难度较大,特别是对其进行定量分析和判断就显得更加困难和复杂     

论监管职权在存款保险制度中的发展

全面、准确和及时地掌握投保银行的经营风险,是存款保险制度有效运作的前提条件。随着金融深化,有一定监管职权的存款保险制度正日益成为银行业危机救助的核心制度安排。同时它的运作也将有助于实现银行审慎监管的目标,是对银行监管体制的必要补充和完善。存款保险制度所运用的监管职权与银行监管机构的职权是有一定区别的,在建立相关制度的情况下,不会造成银行监管的重复和监管资源的浪费。因此,我国应建立具有一定检查职权的存款保险机构,强化对银行业风险的监管。     

基于监管者声誉视角的银行业监管分析

本文基于监管者声誉和公信力的视角分析了银行业监管有效性问题,从银行业市场准入监管,银行业业务运营监管以及市场退出监管三个方面具体分析监管者声誉和公信力对被监管者行为和监管有效性的影响。即拥有良好声誉的监管者在准入监管中审核要更加严格．以保证获得准入资格的银行最优;监管机构代表社会公众的利益对金融机构实施监管,在监管过程中严格执行监管,按照制度办事,代表政府实行银行业的监督和管理,有效的查获银行的不规范行为,银行为了维持和增强来自监管者的“声誉溢出”,加强自身的声誉建设,也自觉减少采取不规范经营行为的动机：在市场退出监管中,监管者出于声誉维护而避免了救助不足和救助过度行为,避免了过高的救助成本和社会财富的损失。     

个人理财业务管理:富国经验与中国借鉴

正近年来,我国银行理财业务发展迅速,但同时也出现了设计管理机制不健全、误导销售、异化为银行吸存和放贷工具等阶段性问题。针对理财产品推销过程中片面夸大收益、忽视风险提示、诱导消费者盲目购买金融产品、银行与客户之间责任不清等问题。有必要加快推进监管转型,监管者要淡出行业管理,强化消费者权益保护,把金融消费者保护作为银行业重要监管目标。     

银监系统监管文化建设初探

本文探讨的银监系统监管文化是指在银行业监管领域内体现的监管思想、监管观念、监管道德和监管行为规范。这些规范是由监管者在长期的监管实践中总结出来的,其优劣是由监管者的整体素质和相关的法律规章的内容决定的,是存在于监管者心里、表现于监管者的思想和言行上的。银监系统的监管文化正在形成,主要体现为银监会颁布的近百个法律法规和银行监管的四个理念、四个目标、六条良好标准。     

银监机构依法行使相关调查权应重视解决的问题

《银监法》赋予银行业监管机构相关调查权,并对银行业监管机构、被调查单位和个人的法律责任和义务作出了明确规定,应重视解决四个问题,一是解决好不知道法律规定相关调查权的问题,二是解决好不会依法行使相关调查权的问题,三是解决好不依法行使相关调查权和不依法维护相关调查权的问题,四是解决好不深入依法行使相关调查权和依法维护相关调查权的问题.     

声音

中国银监会主席、党委书记尚福林：加快转变经济发展方式，有必要加快推进监管转型，监管者要淡出行业管理，强化消费者权益保护，把金融消费者保护作为银行业重要监管目标。、当消费者与银行之间纠纷难以调和时，监管者要主动调解纠纷；在此过程中，监管者要摆正位置，要做维护行业规则的裁判员，而不是维护银行业利益的保护伞。加强金融消费者保护是经济金融发展到一定程度的必然要求。     

提高银行监管统计“附加值”

银行业监管的宏观、中观和微观目标都主要是防范和化解银行风险,健全、有效的银行监管至少包括现场检查和非现场监管。作为对现场检查担负引领作用的非现场监管,其根基又在于监管统计工作。风险为本监管理念下,提高监管统计附加值就显得尤为重要。     

Bayesian Premium Rating with Latent Structure

We propose a fully Bayesian approach to non-life risk premium rating, based on hierarchical models with latent variables for both claim frequency and claim size. Inference is based on the joint posterior distribution and is performed by Markov Chain Monte Carlo. Rather than plug-in point estimates of all unknown parameters, we take into account all sources of uncertainty simultaneously when the model is used to predict claims and estimate risk premiums. Several models are fitted to both a simulated dataset and a small portfolio regarding theft from cars. We show that interaction among latent variables can improve predictions significantly. We also investigate when interaction is not necessary. We compare our results with those obtained under a standard generalized linear model and show through numerical simulation that geographically located and spatially interacting latent variables can successfully compensate for missing covariates. However, when applied to the real portfolio data, the proposed models are not better than standard models due to the lack of spatial structure in the data.     

The development of the group accounts disclosure system in Japan

The Japanese disclosure system of consolidated statements was introduced in 1977 and extensively revised in 1997. The role of the bureaucracy has been significant in these developments and seems to be part of Japan's closed culture. However, other explanations could also be applied. In particular, although Japanese firms opposed such disclosures on the basis of preparation costs, the Japanese government had to modernize the disclosure system, including consolidation, in order to develop the securities market regardless of an individual company's interests.     

Moments of Compound Mixed Poisson Distributions

Recursive formulae are derived for the evaluation of the moments and the descending factorial moments about a point n of mixed Poisson and compound mixed Poisson distributions, in the case where the derivative of the logarithm of the mixing density can be written as a ratio of polynomials. As byproduct, we also obtain recursive formulae for the evaluation of the moments about the origin, central moments, descending and ascending factorial moments of these distributions. Examples are also presented for a number of mixing densities.     

The designing of corporate accounting law in Japan after the Second World War

After the Second World War, during the neutralization of the controlled economy of wartime Japan, a design for a Corporate Accounting Law was elaborated by the Investigation Committee on the Business Accounting System. The Investigation Committee tried to establish not only new business accounting standards but also a central and independent administrative organ of corporate accounting regulation on the basis of the Corporate Accounting Law. The Corporate Accounting Law was expected to lay the legal foundation of the new corporate accounting regulation regime in Japan. Nevertheless, even though the original design of the fundamental accounting law was never realized, it should be considered the starting point for our understanding of external accounting history in post-war Japan.     

The deliberation around accounting techniques: accounting for depreciation and foreign exchange in an Indian jute company, 1870-1900

This paper examines the way two accounting techniques, namely depreciation and foreign exchange, were deliberated on, between 1870 and 1900, in an Indian jute company whose shareholders resided in the UK. The arena for these deliberations was the conflictual relationship between controlling and non-controlling shareholders as to how best to account for depreciation and foreign exchange especially when the particular accountings affected distributional issues such as the dividend decision. The purpose of this paper is to analyse and explain the processes by which a company's accounting practices emerge and develop as a contest between different interests. Accounting framed the parameters of the deliberations and provided the language of power and dissent. The paper uses a rich archive that includes narrative and accounting material.     

Pricing Dynamic Insurance Risks Using the Principle of Equivalent Utility

We introduce an expected utility approach to price insurance risks in a dynamic financial market setting. The valuation method is based on comparing the maximal expected utility functions with and without incorporating the insurance product, as in the classical principle of equivalent utility. The pricing mechanism relies heavily on risk preferences and yields two reservation prices - one each for the underwriter and buyer of the contract. The framework is rather general and applies to a number of applications that we extensively analyze.     

International harmonization of Japanese accounting standards

Historically, Japanese accounting standards have been quite distinct from International Accounting Standards (IASs) which have been perceived as being modelled on British-American accounting standards. However, in the 1990s, after the publication of E32 in 1989 and the IASC-IOSCO Agreement in 1995, the Business Accounting Deliberation Committee (BADC), the standards-setting body in Japan, has pursued a policy of harmonization with IASs. Accounting standards relating to consolidated financial statements of companies that make cross-border offerings of securities or operate worldwide are being revised drastically. This paper focuses on the development of international accounting harmonization and its impact on Japan.     

Commodity financialization and sector ETFs: Evidence from crude oil futures

We investigate the diversification benefits of energy assets in the setting of commodity financialization using data on crude oil futures and Sector ETFs (SPDRs). Correlations between commodities and financial assets increased during the post-Commodity Futures Modernization Act (CFMA)/commodity bull cycle period, resulting in lower benefits of diversification. However, we find that conditional correlations between crude oil futures and sector ETFs meaningfully increased only since the 2008–09 financial crisis. The results therefore suggest that the financial crisis, rather than CFMA regulation, explains changes in the diversification benefits of commodities. Moreover, we find that oil futures returns are less correlated with SPDRs than with the S&P index. Thus, energy futures, and crude oil in particular, offer the potential for diversification benefits in sector-style investing.     

Guidelines for Manuscripts Submitted to The China Journal of Accounting Research

正The China Journal of Accounting Research"CJAR"(ISSN 1755-3091)publishes quarterly.It contains peer-reviewed articles and commentaries on accounting,auditing and corporate governance issues that relate to the greater China region.We welcome the submission of both theoretical and empirical research papers pertinent to researchers,regulators and practitioners.Authors should note:1 Submissions must be original     

Multiple Dimensions of Accounting in the Development of GAAP

The phrase 'accepted accounting principles' underlying financial statements is a forerunner of today's accounting standards. Here, it is argued that history shows that the term 'principles' is often most vague in debates on the development of those standards. The reasons for and consequences of that vague use are varied and complex. This article provides insights not highlighted in earlier analyses of the periods reviewed. While debates like the rule- versus principle-based standards are set up as two-dimensional, the many dimensions of accounting often allow argument to be easily diverted. The debate/argument thus remains unresolved. For progress to be achieved in the establishment of accounting standards the many dimensions of accounting must be acknowledged and attempts to divert debate minimized. Those with a stake in the development of accounting standards need to consider the total scene of the related accounting. In a particular debate, dimensions under scrutiny must be stated, with any others in that total scene being acknowledged even if kept constant.