The benefits of using reduced item variable scales in marketing segmentation

This study investigated the use of two reduced item constructs in marketing research, Involvement Scale and Consumer Expertise and their relationships. Previous findings suggested that both constructs could use reduced items and that they would be useful as marketing segmentation tools. Response rates to consumer questionnaires are declining; therefore, shorter questionnaires in marketing communications are more likely to be completed. This study establishes the current reliability of using these two reduced item constructs in automotive research and tests their validity using triangulation questions. Data collection used a novel approach in which respondents to a motor show used the new Apple iPad to complete an online questionnaire. Results revealed that the reduced item constructs are reliable and valid and would be useful for research involving large ticket items. They would be particularly useful to researchers where they are used as part of, rather than the main focus of, the research.     

The Implications of Business-to-Business and Consumer Market Differences for B2B Branding Strategy

By integrating existing conceptual models and research findings, this effort examines the noteworthy differences between the B2B and the consumer market contexts and the implications of those differences on the formulation of B2B brand strategies. We introduce the B2B-Consumer Market Dimensions Continuum as a tool to identify key differences between the two markets. The continuum is used to suggest the branding approach that is most likely to be successful in a B2B organization's brand-building efforts.     

Applications of the behavioural homogeneity evaluation framework: The predictive ability of consumer involvement for international food market segmentation

Abstract

This article proposes a framework of alternative international marketing strategies, based on the evaluation of intra- and inter-cultural behavioural homogeneity for market segmentation. The framework developed in this study provides a generic structure to behavioural homogeneity, proposing consumer involvement as a construct with unique predictive ability for international marketing strategy decisions. A model-based segmentation process, using structural equation models, is implemented to illustrate the application of the framework.     

A Typology of Marketing Strategies for Export

Abstract

This study has two goals. The first goal is to develop and present a framework for analyzing and characterizing export marketing strategies. The second goal is to examine the proposed framework. The framework is based on three key dimensions: innovation, adaptation and involvement. In the first part of the paper a typological approach of strategic groups is applied to export marketing. In the second part an exploratory research is reported. One hundred one export ventures were clustered according to the three dimensions. We then test the validity of these dimensions by examining whether they generate prototypes that are significantly different in the adaptation, innovation and involvement. We identify and characterize four strategic prototypes based on the proposed framework. The correlation between the different prototypes and marketing variables is examined and compared with a set of hypotheses. We also explored the relations between the firm's goals, competencies and industry to the strategic prototypes, and the performance achievements of each prototype. We conclude by discussing the theoretical and managerial implication of the framework and the strategic prototypes.     

Consumer insecurity and preference for nostalgic products: Evidence from China

This research examines the effects of consumers' insecurity on their preferences for nostalgic products. Using survey data from a sample of 356 Chinese consumers, the analysis shows that existential insecurity and social insecurity enhance consumers' preference for nostalgic products. In addition, the results suggest that marketers can use nostalgic elements to promote sales by relieving consumers' insecurity, through designing nostalgic appearance and creating meaningful stories for products.     

Web-based social movements contesting marketing strategy: The mobilisation of multiple actors and rhetorical strategies

Abstract

Previous studies suggest that marketing strategy is developed and used to mobilise and configure the actions of firm actors, creating a set of stabilising activities focused on the firm–customer dyad. Destabilising forces precipitated by the Internet and associated digital technologies involving contention and disruption by multiple actors are much less prevalent in the marketing literature. The central point we advance is that rather than marketing strategy being a controlled and stabilising force for firms in their relationships with customers, it can often lead to socially produced spaces where consumers and, importantly, other multiple actors form a social movement to actively attempt to destabilise it and contest its legitimacy. Using an innovative research approach, the findings of this study show how social movements proactively enrol and mobilise a wide range of relevant actors into a network of influence. Critical to this are rhetorical strategies, acting as important levers in attempts to destabilise and delegitimise a dominant firm’s marketing strategy.     

农村市场产品供应中存在的问题及营销对策

本文认为,农村市场产品供求结构严重失调,主要表现为价格超出农民的承受力,家电功能华而不实,不适合农村的使用条件,使用操作过于复杂,销售服务难下乡,假冒伪劣产品多,款式过时,品种单调,农用生产资料的生产和开发滞后等。要改善农村市场产品供应状况,扩大有效供给,工商企业必须改变观念,走出“重城市,轻农村”的误区;研究市场,切实把握农村居民的需求,立足农民的需求现状,供应适销产品;顺应农民的需求趋势,调整产品结构,适应需求差异,有针对性地进行市场开拓;工商联手,完善销售服务,适应农村市场特点,推行新的营销方式。     

The Internet,Strategy and Performance: A Study of Australian Export Market Ventures

ABSTRACT

This study examines the impact of the Internet, firm-specific characteristics, market characteristics, and export marketing strategy on export marketing performance. The unit of analysis was an individual product/market export venture. Data were gathered via a self-administered mail survey of 315 Australian firms involved in exporting. The findings indicate that, when the Internet was used for communication purposes and to provide the firm with a competitive advantage, it had a significant impact on export marketing performance. Firm-specific characteristics and export marketing strategy also had a significant impact on export marketing performance.     

服务市场中的消费者行为特征与营销策略

与有形产品消费者行为的特征相比,服务市场的消费者行为有其独特性,主要表现在消费者收集信息的方法、消费者对风险的感知、品牌忠诚以及对服务质量的评估与购买后失调等方面。了解服务市场中的消费者行为特征,有助于提高企业的服务质量,提高企业的综合竞争力。     

外国背包旅游市场营销策略:以四川为例

背包旅游已成为旅游市场主流,采用访谈调查和统计分析方法,研究四川背包旅游市场行为特征,针对性地提出了四川背包旅游市场营销策略:四大旅游品牌构筑四川整体文化特色;点线结合空间战略促进背包客空间扩散;整合资源,发挥世界遗产旅游品牌优势;注重目的地背包旅游网络营销;与西部其它背包旅游目的地联合营销。     

我国目前老年保健品营销市场现状及拓展分析

当前,我国保健品市场在发展中长期存在着生产企业重广告轻研发,品种单一不能满足需求,唯利是图甚至虚抬高价误导群众的情况等问题,导致老年人在选用保健品时受虚假广告影响较大,真假难辨,不能根据自身情况合理选择保健品,用后效果不佳,严重打击了消费信心。保健品生产企业在管理上应加快创新步伐,提高管理水平,产研结合,寻求科技含量突破注重树立品牌效应;在销售上应积极运用网络新型营销模式,探索精细化营销模式,根据购买力合理定价,注重售后服务,从口碑中改善品质,积极开拓国际市场,从而不断促进我国老年保健品市场健康稳定发展。     

欧美与日韩企业在华市场战略比较研究

近年来欧美、日本、韩国跨国公司在华发展显著,由于对市场理解和自身背景不同,这些跨国公司的经营战略思维和在华市场战略呈现出较大差异,表现在对华整体战略、投资战略、人才战略以及本土化进程等几个方面.通过比较研究欧美、日本、韩国企业在华市场经营战略的特点,进一步探讨跨国公司在华持续经营的对策.     

Marketing strategy and the hunt for era V

ABSTRACT

This paper is a response to a recent special issue of the Journal of Marketing Management in which Shelby Hunt celebrates the achievements of 40 years of marketing strategy. In noting the passing of the ‘old guard’, Hunt calls on a new generation of scholars to meet the challenges confronting marketing and to develop new theories and frameworks to advance Marketing Strategy into Era V. We take for our inspiration Hunt’s own words, specifically his reference to the ‘promising’ and ‘problematic’ that he uses to characterise the current and latent state of marketing strategy. To build our vision and map out our agenda we offer an alternative reading of this discipline through the idea of Marketing Strategy as Discourse (MSAD). Within the paper, we outline the role that discourse can perform as a resource to reconfigure our appreciation of marketing strategy.     

对澳大利亚国家旅游品牌全球营销策略分析

悉尼奥运会的成功举办,产生了巨大的“奥运品牌效应”,带动了澳大利亚经济,推动了其树立奥运旅游的战略目标及旅游品牌营销与传播的整合。树立与推广澳大利亚国家旅游品牌全球营销策略,可加快中国旅游品牌化进程。应借鉴澳对目标市场细分,目标市场的确定以及整合各种媒体新品牌营销活动的成功经验,实施奥运阶段品牌营销策略和奥运旅游地区品牌营销策略,为中国充分利用举办北京奥运会之机,促进中国旅游向品牌化进程发展奠定基础。     

Developing a Marketing Strategy for Nonprofit Organizations: An Exploratory Study

Nonprofit organizations have grown tremendously in the last three decades. With this growth has come a greater interest from the nonprofit sector in the importance of marketing. Nonprofits did not apply marketing techniques until 1960–1970, but it is now a well accepted practice. Traditional marketing strategies do not work for nonprofit organizations, and this study proposes the development of a new marketing strategy specifically for this sector. Through the use of interviews and surveys, the authors examine issues of marketing strategy that are distinct for nonprofits. Unlike previous studies, this study examines these issues from the viewpoint of the nonprofit organization. The perception of marketing is different in nonprofit organizations, and the strategic implications of this finding are discussed.     

Global marketing strategy modeling of high tech products

This study considers the role of global marketing strategy and its relation to market orientation, international experience, and performance in the high tech products context. Knowledge of this important domain of global marketing strategy and performance remains limited. In this respect, the study raises a number of important questions concerning how market orientation, international experience and global marketing strategy impact performance. The study empirically tests predictions of relationships by using mail survey data from 172 business units of high tech firms. Findings from the research sample support the argument that market orientation, international experience, and global marketing strategy are the key antecedents of organizational performance. Market orientation and international experience influence global marketing. The article concludes with theoretical and managerial implications of the research findings.     

Market orientation in the context of SMEs: A conceptual framework

A number of studies in the marketing literature have examined the construct of market orientation (MO). These studies generally show a positive link between MO and organizational performance. This paper examines MO specifically in the context of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). An in-depth review of the extant literature is used to develop a conceptual framework by exploring the major antecedents of MO, the MO–Performance relationship, and the key mediators and environmental moderators of this relationship. This paper also examines several studies on SMEs with respect to various aspects of this framework and offers suggestions for future research in order to understand more thoroughly how MO influences SME performance.     

Relationship Strategies for Market Entry

Abstract

With the fall of Communism, many New Zealand exporters joined the initial euphoria of the business community and took steps to re-establish trade with Eastern Europe. Despite some initial problems, most exporters are now establishing themselves in these markets. This paper examines the strategy of two large New Zealand firms and argues that forming a relationship with Eastern European traders is context driven. It is further argued that relationship-marketing models more accurately capture the trading realities of market entry in Eastern Europe. Based on the case studies, a series of propositions are developed examining the role of uncertainty in market entry, the formation of alliances and     

我国铁路建设企业实施绿色营销策略的途径——以中铁一局集团公司为例

开展绿色营销是实施可持续发展战略的必然要求和具体体现。企业只有实施绿色营销战略,才能突出自己的特色,不断地提高市场占有率。以中铁一局集团公司为例,通过分析认为,我国铁路建设企业在绿色营销上存在着缺乏绿色技术创新能力和绿色营销的竞争力,经营范围狭窄,没有形成完善的绿色管理系统等问题,要想解决这些问题,必须实施绿色促销策略、绿色价格策略和绿色技术创新策略等绿色营销策略。     

Product bundling strategies in Swedish markets: links to business orientation and perceived effects on consumer influence

Product bundling is an increasingly important marketing strategy within many industries, and consumer influence on companies' ranges of product bundles is, thus, becoming an important issue. The aim of this study was to investigate product bundling strategies consumers are exposed to by some selected companies in the Swedish automobile, travel and banking industries. Bundling strategies were considered in relation to business orientation as well as the consumer's potential to influence the product bundles offered by these companies. Fourteen qualitative telephone interviews were conducted with senior representatives from the three sectors. Interview respondents were selected in cooperation with their respective companies. Results underwent interpretative analysis, and the findings indicated that business orientation is linked to product bundling techniques and to the type of customer influence on product bundling. Consumers were exposed to mixed and complementary bundling strategies, and customers of companies that apply a market orientation were found to have greater opportunities to influence product bundles directly, whereas companies that apply a production‐oriented approach were less able to respond to their customers' wishes. Consumer influence on the product bundles of production‐oriented companies was found to be of a more indirect nature.