投资者会听话听音吗??--基于管理层语调视角的实证研究

我国投资者会听话听音吗？文章利用文本分析方法,基于我国上市公司2005－2012年年度业绩说明会上的管理层语调数据对此进行了实证检验。研究发现,投资者对管理层的净正面语调做出了显著的正向反应,尤其是对负面语调做出了显著的负向反应。这表明在我国强调“意会”的语境文化背景下,投资者会听话听音,管理层语调具有信息含量,上市公司的业绩说明会具有其自身的存在价值。文章的研究结果还意味着,“词袋”方法及其构建的管理层语调用词列表在我国儒家文化背景下具有一定的适用性,值得开展进一步的研究。     

私募股权投资基金薪酬合约的激励机制研究

利用合约经济学的分析方法研究私募股权投资基金的薪酬合约,我们发现:在不对称信息下创业投资家的道德风险会造成显著的代理成本.并且私募基金管理的代理成本与创业投资家的能力、风险厌恶程度以及私募股权投资基金投资组合的风险正相关;同时我们发现在私募股权投资基金的薪酬合约中引入创业板市场的景气状况作为投资组合收益的基准可显著提高创业投资家的努力激励,并显著降低私募股权投资基金管理的代理成本.     

Private equity deal success and pre-acquisition determinants – empirical evidence from Germany

Shortly after a fall-back linked to recent financial crises, private equity investing has been undergoing a strong revival, especially in Germany. In a country known for the large number of small- and medium-sized companies, private equity investors can profit from a large choice of potential targets. Researchers have been broadly studying the field of private equity for many years, especially exploring post-investment value creation. But most articles missed to address the importance of pre-acquisition determinants such as target characteristics. Under these circumstances, this study focuses on exploring the relationship between pre-acquisition target characteristics and deal performance by analysing a sample of 125 transactions in Germany using an ordinal logistic regression analysis.

The findings suggest that asset lightness, management experience and the healthcare industry are positively linked to the deal success by increasing the likelihood of achieving a higher return category.

This implies that private equity investors active in Germany could outperform if they set according to investment preferences. Similarly, investors are likely to get a higher return from general partners who invest in companies presenting such characteristics.     

The value and consequences of using public health technology assessments for private payer decision-making in Canada: one size does not fit all

Background: Both public and private insurers provide drug coverage in Canada. All payers are under pressure to contain costs. It has recently been proposed that private plans leverage the public health technology assessment (HTA) evaluation process in their decision-making.

Objectives: The objectives of the current study were to examine use of public health technology assessments (HTAs) for private payer decision-making in the literature, to gather the perspectives of experts from both public and private insurers on this practice, and to summarize which value parameters of public evaluations can be used for private payer decision-making.

Methods: A targeted literature review was conducted to identify publications on the use of public HTA or cost-effectiveness data for private payer decision-making on pharmaceutical reimbursement. Concurrently, a roundtable meeting was organized with invited panelists, including private payer representatives and health economic consultants (total n?=?9). The findings from both were synthesized and expressed in qualitative terms using the PICO framework.

Results: The targeted review identified 20 studies meeting the inclusion criteria, primarily originating from the US and Canada. The panelists felt that, despite some similarities, there were substantial differences between both systems. The PICO framework highlighted the issues with transferability between the two systems. Most of the value parameters were either not applicable, needed to be added, needed to be adjusted, or their applicability to private payer systems needed to be confirmed.

Conclusion: Some components of public HTA may be relevant for private payers, however there are reservations that still exist on whether the HTA process in Canada, designed for a public system, can address the informational needs of private payers. Private insurers need to use caution in assessing which value parameters from public HTAs can be used and which need to be confirmed, ignored, enhanced, or adjusted. One size HTA does not fit all applications.     

混合所有制、股权激励与融资决策中的防御行为--基于动态权衡理论的证据

文章基于动态权衡理论,以1999-2014年上市公司为样本,运用混合所有制改革这一“自然实验”条件,研究了高管股权激励对其融资决策中防御行为的影响,分离出激励和治理双重效应。研究发现：(1)股权激励有助于抑制高管融资决策中的防御行为,但这种效应只存在于民营企业中;(2)对于国有企业,只在股权分置改革后才观察到类似效果,而股改前高管在减少债务融资的同时,提高了股权激励水平,自我激励问题明显;(3)公司股权混合度越高,其在赋予高管股权激励上越谨慎,但在国有股比例较高的公司中,混合所有制改革显著提高了股权激励水平;(4)股权混合安排显著改进了股权激励契约在抑制高管防御行为方面的效率,这种效应在非国有股比例较高的公司中更强。     

Private equity characteristics and performance: An analysis of North American venture capital and buyout funds

The paper investigates the relationship between fund performance and fund characteristics of North American private equity (PE) funds, by analyzing the interactions of fund size, fund sequence, and past fund performance on traditional fund return measures. The empirical evidence is based on both linear and polynomial regressions, on a sample of 345 venture capital (VC) and 411 buyout (BO) funds with vintage year over the period 1995–2010. We document a concave relationship between fund size and performance, persistence in PE performance, as well as a convex relationship between fund sequence and performance. We suggest both the optimal fund size and the optimal fund sequence number. Economic implications for investors and general partners are discussed as well.     

机构投资者、董事会与经营者股票期权激励问题研究

机构投资者对经营者薪酬的直接监控和间接监控作用，缓解了因股东和经营者利益冲突而造成的代理问题。机构投资者通过对董事会构成两因素（董事会成员数量和成员类型）施加影响，使董事会能够公正客观地评价公司高管人员，从而奠定有效激励与约束高管团队人员的前提和基础。针对中国上市公司经营者激励的现状，我国的股票期权激励应从优化国有企业所有权结构，发展积极的机构投资者；优化董事会结构，提高外部董事比例等方面加以改进和完善。     

International investment positions revisited: Investor heterogeneity and individual security characteristics

This paper contributes to the literature by empirically documenting the importance of investor heterogeneity and security level characteristics for international investment positions. We estimate a standard gravity model to explain holdings in individual bonds and stocks for euro area investors covering 2013Q4–2018Q4. First, our results confirm the importance of market size and distance, but there are significant differences between banks, insurance companies and pension funds, investment funds, households and other investors. Second, we show the statistical significance and economic relevance of security characteristics such as currency, bond maturity and dividend yield. Third, the results are robust to including domestic holdings.     

Private finance for public goods: social impact bonds

Social impact bonds (SIBs) attract private investment to social programs by paying a market rate of return if predefined outcome targets are met. SIBs monetize benefits of social interventions and tie pay to performance, limiting governmental control once the contract is designed. Despite policy enthusiasm across the globe, SIBs have failed to attract private market investors without substantial additional guarantees. SIBs raise questions about government’s ability to ensure broader public values. Using literature on contracting, performance management, and public private partnerships, this exploratory analysis focuses on institutional design, transaction costs, and performance measurement, outlining the opportunities and concerns SIBs present.     

基于公共清算所的个人账户养老基金管理模式研究

在分析个人账户基金管理的委托人职责缺失、管理效率低下、基金保值增值难等问题的基础上.通过对个人账户管理模式和投资决策模式的分析,以及结合产权理论与委托代理理论,构建一种新的个人账户基金管理模式,即公私结合管理模式——中央层面成立公共清算机构负责基金管理,在旗下成立多家个人账户基金投资公司,负责个人账户基金的投资运营.这对养老基金的保值增值以及养老金制度的可持续发展都具有深远意义.     

私募股权、天使资本对创业板市场IPO抑价的不同影响

文章对我国创业板市场的上市前股权投资者进行了界定和区分,然后采用手工整理数据考察了私募股权资本和天使资本对创业板公司的投资行为,重点研究了这两种资本对IPO抑价率的不同影响。研究发现,目前我国的私募股权资本往往投资于高估值行业且入股的企业资质较差,不能发挥认证作用,其持股的公司有更高的IPO抑价率;相反,天使资本往往投资于资质较好的企业,并且愿意投资负债率较高的企业,其持股对IPO抑价率无显著影响。在此基础上,文章对创业企业审慎选择融资来源、私募股权投资机构进行理性投资以及监管部门加强行业引导等方面提出了建议。     

我国民营航空公司后动优势研究

运用后动优势理论分析我国民营航空公司经营情况及其所具有的后动优势。研究表明我国民营航空公司在人力资源、新技术运用和适应市场需求方面具有后动优势,提出民营航空公司实现后动优势的途径,即应坚持并完善有吸引力的薪酬和人事选拔制度;顺应市场需要,实施利基市场战略;不断创新,改变竞争规则获得竞争优势。     

道德偏好与道德改善:中国机构投资者持股研究

本文采用面板数据模型检验我国机构投资者持股与企业社会绩效的互动关系,以剖析机构投资者的道德偏好能力和道德改善能力。基于2006-2010年沪深两市918家样本的研究发现:(1)机构投资者偏好持股企业社会绩效好的公司,表明机构投资者具有道德偏好能力;(2)机构投资者持股对企业社会绩效存在微弱的正面影响,表明机构投资者具备道德改善能力,但非常有限;(3)不同类型机构投资者与企业社会绩效的互动关系差异较大,仅基金表现出道德偏好能力和道德改善能力。     

异质机构、企业性质与关联交易

基于2007-2009年3618家A股上市公司数据,本文从关联交易密度和关联交易频率两个维度对机构持股、企业性质和关联交易之间的关系进行了实证研究。结果发现：机构持股对企业关联交易的抑制作用并不显著,这种不显著性主要归因于证券投资基金;不同性质的机构对企业关联交易的抑制作用不同,其中证券投资基金对企业关联交易基本不存在抑制作用,而险资和合格的境外机构投资者则相反;企业性质对异质机构和关联交易间的关系有显著的调节作用,民营上市公司中机构投资者的抑制作用要强于国有上市公司。     

高管职位特征、机构投资者治理与企业研发投入

以沪深A股非金融类上市公司为样本，检验高管职位特征（任期、薪酬）以及机构投资者治理对企业研发投入的影响。结果发现：高管职位特征对企业研发投入有显著正向影响，高管任期越长、货币薪酬越高，企业研发动力越强、研发投入越大。然而，在机构投资者有效监督的环境下，当高管任期越长、短期货币薪酬越高时，出于研发失败风险导致未来职业声誉受损和被替换风险的考虑，高管会倾向于规避风险，反而不利于企业研发。政策意义在于：董事会和股东应当将长短任期和薪酬机制有效结合，当研发失败导致业绩下滑时审慎地对高管作出处罚，解除高管层的后顾之忧，增强高管加大研发投入的动力。     

送转与定向增发：基于市值管理的视角

送转和定向增发是 A 股市场上常见的两种公司行为。文章旨在从市值管理的视角，揭示上市企业送转与定向增发的内在关联及其经济逻辑。研究发现：(1)定向增发企业送转的比例与规模显著高于配对的未增发企业，而且两者的差异在增发后显著大于增发前；(2)在有外部机构投资者参与的定向增发中，企业送转的比例与规模显著高于其他类型的定向增发；(3)企业送转行为会显著影响增发折价，增发后送转企业的增发折价显著低于增发前送转(从未送转)的企业。文章研究表明，送转是 A 股市场上定向增发企业广为使用的一种市值管理手段，送转的规模与时机是企业与外部投资者理性博弈的结果。文章的研究不仅从市值管理角度为我国资本市场上频频出现的上市公司高送转行为提供了经验证据，而且对于监管层制定与送转和定向增发相关的政策具有重要的参考价值。     

Decentralized and concentrated investments in China and the performance of Taiwanese listed electronic companies

Ever since China surpassed Taiwan to become the largest exporter of electronic products, dependence between the two sides has deepened, which prompts Taiwanese companies to go public in China. This study conducted the data envelopment analysis (DEA) and regression analysis to analyse the impacts of the depth and breadth of investments in China on the performance of Taiwanese listed electronic companies. The empirical results show that, the breath of the investments in China has a positive correlation with the performance of Taiwanese companies; while the depth of investments in China has a negative and significant effect on the performances due to the companies’ lack of know-how, which leads to a high-learning cost. In summary, companies should strategize their decentralized and concentrated investments in China.     

投资者保护、定向增发和财富转移

本文研究良好的投资保护环境能否抑制上市公司的财富转移行为,以2006-2010年进行定向增发的上市公司为研究样本,我们发现地区投资保护程度越高,大股东借助定向增发折价进行财富转移的程度越低。这一研究不仅为我国定向增发中所存在的财富转移提供了佐证,而且对理解宏观投资保护水平对企业微观行为的影响,构建完善的定向增发监管体系,具有重要的理论和现实意义。     

Toward private investment funds for development aid

Concessional aid from the developed world has been recognized as a constructive way of helping the least developed countries to escape the vicious circle of poverty and penury. A doubling or tripling of the present levels of contribution would be required. However, these requirements exceed donor countries' capacities under present institutional arrangements.This paper explores a way out of this dilemma. With the help of a scheme for recruiting investment funds directly from private investors, the choice of level and direction of development aid would be shifted from the public to the private sphere. Donor governments, instead of spending tax money directly on aid, could use this money to support interest rates on development aid bonds to be issued at a preferential rate to small investors. These bonds would be issued not by national governments, but by existing international banking institutions, such as the World Bank, etc.The scheme would operate as follows: 1) A large number of private investors would participate actively. This participation would be likely to increase investors' productivity and savings. 2) Investment bonds would be signed in favor of countries of one's choice, if so desired. 3) Recipient countries would not be bound to bilateral agreements. 4) The expertise of the banking institutions would ensure comparatively efficient loan disbursement. 5) The sum of individually committed development funds would exceed the amount that public choice is able to generate under majority rule.     

Public knowledge partnerships in European research projects and knowledge creation across R&D institutional sectors

This paper investigates the role of public knowledge partnerships in EU-funded framework programmes (FP) on knowledge creation across a sample of European countries. Different from previous studies, we investigate whether the impact of participation in FP on new knowledge (patents) differs across private companies, universities and public research centres. We find that, while all institutional sectors benefit from joint projects, the main benefits (in terms of patenting activity) go to universities and public research centres, while private companies benefit less. We also find evidence of important complementarities between participation in international research projects and internal innovation drivers (researchers), thus highlighting the crucial role of domestic absorptive capacity for fully benefiting from international cooperation in R&D projects.