拉丁美洲农业利用外国直接投资的实践及启示

拉美农业利用外国直接投资(FDI)的实践表明,外国直接投资在促进拉美农业发展的同时,也给拉美农业带来了诸如被跨国公司支配、转移不适宜技术、造成单一的农业生产结构、环境破坏和劳动力失业等一系列社会经济问题.文章针对拉美农业利用外国直接投资的教训,提出我国农业利用外国直接投资必须遵循的原则.     

Internationalization of multinational banks: a study of foreign direct investment in seven Latin American countries

The article attempts to explore and contrast the different factors that influence the foreign direct investment (FDI) decisions of multinational banks. Employing eclectic theory, an estimation model with panel data from seven Latin American countries is set to test the proposed hypotheses. The results highlight an increase in foreign assets, removal of banking restriction, banking concentration, and capital cost differential in the local banking system as determinants of specific location advantages for attracting banking FDI. Other factors such as cultural proximity and crisis also have a significant impact on banking FDI. Discussions and implications are debated before conclusions are drawn for a future research agenda.     

市场开放度、劳动生产率与我国地区工资差异

以新经济地理学的空间工资结构理论为基础,实证分析了我国西部大开发以来市场开放度、劳动生产率与地区工资差异之间的关系,结果表明,从全国角度来看,市场开放度和人力资本的增加对工资增长的贡献效应很显著,劳动生产率和外商直接投资的增加虽然对工资增长的贡献效应为正,但其效果并不明显;分东、中、西地区来看,市场开放度增加对工资增长的贡献,东部高于中部,更高于西部;人力资本的贡献效应则恰好与之相反;劳动生产率和外商直接投资的增加对工资增长的贡献效应在不同地区的差别并不明显。     

外资对中国经济的影响:基于来源地差异视角

文章在经济增长理论模型的基础上纳入不同来源地的外资,发现外商直接投资不仅与国内资本异质,而且其内部因来源地不同也存在着差异。这种异质性不仅体现在其对中国经济增长的影响上,而且还体现在对技术进步、人力资本等的外溢效应上。来源于港澳台地区的华资对中国经济增长的促进作用在所有外资中最大,而来源于美国和欧盟国家的外资的作用较小。     

Globalization and Greater Flexibility in the Japanese Labor Market: Exploring the Macro–Micro Link

The author explores the missing links between globalization and greater flexibility in the Japanese labor market based on review of literature and available evidence. Understanding Japan’s responses to globalization requires a nuanced approach, which accounts for its historical trajectory and social-institutional context. Along with globalization, Japan is experiencing a greater infusion of foreign capital, and an increasing presence of foreign firms. These foreign firms bring human resource practices that are more market driven and less socially embedded compared to the status quo. The diverging human resources practices of foreign firms have spillover effects that may destabilize the Japanese employment system in the long run.     

Jackson,Karl D., (Ed.), Asian Contagion: The Causes and Consequences of a Financial Crisis

The purpose of this article is to identify the extent of inward and outward foreign direct investment (FDI) worldwide. A large number of countries were aggregated on a regional basis to examine their inward and outward stocks as a percentage of gross fixed capital formation for the period 1980–2006. Among the findings was that the annual increase for both inward and outward FDI was less than 1%. Also, countries grouped by the aggregates developed, Africa, Latin America and Caribbean, Asia and Oceania, and developing were found to differ significantly in their means.     

Foreign Capital Inflows and Economic Growth in Nigeria: Any Nexus?

ABSTRACT

This paper examines the impact of foreign capital inflows on economic growth in Nigeria for 1980–2015 period. It employs Autoregressive Distributed Lagged (ARDL)-bounds test, and finds a cointegration relationship between foreign capital inflows and growth. Specifically, foreign portfolio investment has positive impact on growth, while the impact of foreign loans is negative. Nevertheless, foreign direct investment and foreign aid have insignificant impact on growth, suggesting that Nigeria cannot rely on foreign direct investment and foreign aid as vehicles to stimulate growth. Rather, an increase in foreign portfolio investment or reduction in foreign loans has beneficial effects on the economy.     

Components of Foreign Direct Investment Flows

Abstract

Foreign direct investment (FDI) flows constitute an important element of both regional and global integration. FDI data are often appraised as if they consist exclusively of new equity flows, when in fact they also include reinvested earnings as well as short-term and long-term intra-company debt flows. This paper examines these “components” of inward FDI flows in the balance-of-payments of Latin American countries, and compares them with inward and outward FDI flows for OECD countries, including the United States. The paper examines whether the component flows for individual countries are substitutes or complements for each other, or whether they are independent of one another; the results indicate that the component flows often are independent of each other. Therefore, differences in alternative FDI theories can be partially resolved by more explicit recognition of differences in the determinants and consequences of the components of FDI. Such differences, furthermore, have a variety of implications for government policymakers as well as corporate decision-makers.

Resumen

Los flujos de Inversión Directa Extranjera (IDE) constituyen un elemento impotante de la inegración regional y global. La información sobre IDE con frecuencia es considerada como si solo estuviera compuesta de flujos de capital cuando en realidad también incluye otros componentes como la relnversión de la ganancias y los flujos a corto y largo plazo de deuda entre compañias. Este artículo examina estos componentes de flujos de IDE en la balanza de pagos de paises latinoamericanos y los compara con los flujos hacia adentro y afuera de IDE en paises miembros de la OECD, incluyendo a los Estados Unidos. En particluar, se estudia si los flujos de estos componentes son substitutos o complementarios, ó si son independientes entre si. Como consecuencia de lo sugerido en este artículo, se propone que las diferencias en las teorías alternativas de IDE pueden ser parcialmente resueltas a través de un reconocimiento mas explícito de las diferencias en los determinantes y las consecuencias de los diversos componentes de la IDE. Adicionalmente, se muestra que estas diferencias tienen una variedad de implicaciones en los tomardores de decisiones involucrados en la definitión de política tanto pública como corporativa.

Resumo

Os fluxos de investimento estrangeiro direto (IED) constituem um elemento importante de integração regional e global. Os dados sobre IED são freqüentemente avaliados como se consistissem apenas de norvos investimentos no patrimônio líquido, quando de fato eles também incluem o reinvestimento de lucros como também fluxos creditícios de curto e longo prazo internos à companhia. Esse trabalho examina esses “componentes” dos fluxos de entrada do IED sobre o balanço de pagamentos de países latino americanos e os compra com o fluxos de entrada e saída de IED para os países da OCDE, incluindo os Estados Unidos. O artigo examina se os componentes dos fluxos para países individuais são substitutes ou complementos ou es eles são independentes entre si. Os resultados indicam que os componentes dos fluxos são freqüentemente independentes entre si. Portanto, diferenças entre teorias alternativas sobre o IED podem ser parcialmente resolvidas pelo reconhecimento mais explícito das diferenças nos deteminantes e nas conseqüencias dos componentes do IED. Além do que, estas diferenças apresentam uma variedade de implicações para a política governamental como também para a tomada de decisão corporativa.     

苏州利用外商直接投资现状分析

随着全球经济一体化和投资自由化程度的进一步加深,外商投资成为促进苏州经济高速发展的重要因素,外商投资企业进入苏州有效地填补了苏州经济发展的资金缺口,扩大了出口创收,增加了就业,促进了产业结构的调整,对苏州经济产生了深刻的影响。目前苏州利用外资的特点是外商直接投资规模较大、外商直接投资来源相对集中、外资投向地区分布较为集中和投资产业集中于第二产业等。     

我国利用外国直接投资过程中存在的问题及对策

自1979年以来,我国坚持对外开放的基本方针,积极引进外资,发展对外贸易,取得了举世瞩目的成就,同时,也出现了一些不容忽视的问题,给本国经济的进一步发展带来了负面影响。进入21世纪,随着经济全球化的不断深化和贸易投资自由化的推进,国际资本越来越成为重要的资源之一,各国政府都采取了积极的引资政策,加大了引资力度,我国利用外国直接投资面临着前所未有的挑战和强大的竞争压力。因此,克服利用外资中出现的问题,保证本国经济的健康和快速发展,制定相应的对策成为我国政府的必然选择。     

我国利用外商直接投资的出口贸易效应分析

改革开放以来,我国的出口贸易发展迅速,同时吸收利用外商直接投资（FDI）的数量也大幅增长。实践表明,FDI对我国出口贸易的发展做出了巨大的贡献,但也带来了不少问题。文章从出口商品数量、出口商品结构等方面．探讨了FDI对我国出口贸易的积极影响及其局限性．并有针对性地提出了有效利用FDI的几点政策建议。     

外商直接投资、对外直接投资与国际收支——基于国际收支平衡的我国对外直接投资

在我国,引进外商直接投资和对外直接投资之间存在着严重的不对称性。我国国际收支中投资收益逆差抵消了大量的贸易顺差,在未来贸易顺差和外资流入减少的情况下,这将会导致中国国际收支的恶化。因此,需要大力推进我国的对外直接投资以谋求国际收支平衡。     

税收饶让抵免对涉外投资影响效应的实证研究

为研究双边税收协定中饶让抵免条款对我国涉外投资的影响效应,运用2003~2010年37个国家的宏观面板数据,通过一个简单的实证分析模型分别检验了外国予以我国的税收饶让对外国对华直接投资（FDI）的影响以及我国予以外国的税收饶让对我国对外直接投资（ODI）的影响。结果表明,税收饶让明显刺激了外国直接投资流量,但并未发现税收饶让对我国对外直接投资具有显著的促进作用。据此,建议在进行双边税收谈判与协定签订时,既要争取外国对我国的饶让抵免优惠,也要积极给予对外投资战略合作国家以税收饶让,从而充分利用国际税收协定,促进国内战略资本的优化布局,实现＂引进来＂与＂走出去＂的双向协调。