浅谈货币错配与货币政策

经济发展的内在逻辑是全球货币最终趋于统一,但在主权货币没有消亡、各国经济日益融合的现实条件下,货币错配是一种普遍现象。本文将总体货币错配分为两种类型即债权型货币错配和债务型货币错配,并分析了它们对一国经济与金融稳定的不同影响。对新兴市场国家以及日本的实证分析表明,严重的货币错配影响货币政策的有效性。居高不下的外汇储备意味着我国的货币错配形势已相当严峻,由此形成的货币政策困境要求货币政策重心转移,即以内部目标取代外部目标。     

货币错配对我国货币政策的影响

货币错配是发展中国家普遍仔在的现象,它对一国的经济金融有着较大的影响。本文首先详细论述了货币错配与货币政策之间的关系,在此基础上,进一步分析了我国货币错配的特点及其对我国货币政策的影响;最后,本文提出了相关的政策建议。     

论银行货币错配风险预警体系的构建

布雷顿森林体系崩溃以后,货币错配成为广大发展中国家以及转轨经济国家普遍存在的现象。货币错配除了增大金融危机的可能性和提高化解金融危机的成本以外,它还影响一国货币政策的有效性和汇率制度的选择。货币错配风险预警体系作为金融危机预警体系的一个子系统,为监管当局提供金融危机预警。银行总体货币错配风险预警系统至少应包括银行货币错配测算指标、风险预警信号和对策反应三个模块。银行货币错配的测算指标体系不仅应包括银行自身的货币错配状况,还应涵盖贷款企业的货币错配状况,指标的选取应坚持相关性、数据可得性与互补性的原则。     

发展中国家的货币错配与汇率制度选择困境

货币错配是诱发发展中国家货币金融危机的一个重要因素,也加大了危机的解决成本。货币错配问题的形成是内外因素双重作用的结果,长期实行的“软”钉住汇率制度是其中的一个重要原因。发展中国家普遍遇到了货币错配与汇率制度选择的两难困境,僵硬的汇率制度为货币错配风险的累积提供了正向激励,加深了货币错配,货币错配程度的加深强化了汇率制度的“浮动恐惧”,必须采取有效措施走出这个困境。     

货币错配研究理论综述

货币错配是发展中国家普遍存在的现象,货币错配问题的研究受到国际金融界广泛的关注。本文对货币错配问题产生的原因、货币错配风险和货币错配风险管理进行了系统的理论梳理和阐述,方便国内外学者对货币错配问题进行全面深入的研究。     

货币错配研究理论综述

货币错配是发展中国家普遍存在的现象,货币错配问题的研究受到国际金融界广泛的关注。本文对货币错配问题产生的原因、货币错配风险和货币错配风险管理进行了系统的理论梳理和阐述,方便国内外学者对货币错配问题进行全面深入的研究。     

有关货币错配问题研究的文献综述

通过对国内外有关货币错配问题研究的相关文献进行梳理后发现,货币错配理论研究在国外已经取得了很大进步,但还远不是一个成熟的系统化的理论体系.对货币错配的研究散见于货币危机、汇率制度和资本流动等相关领域.要形成一个完整的理论体系,仍有待于国内外学者进行全面深入的研究.     

中国公司部门货币错配与汇率敏感性实证研究

引言在经过长时期的汇率稳定后,2005年7月21日进行了汇率制度改革,人民币汇率理论上呈双向波动状态,货币错配风险开始显性化。如果说在汇率没有放开之前,这种货币错配风险不太为人注意,但汇率制度改革之后,这种未经测度、未经控制管理的货币错配风险可能会带来非     

货币错配的不同形态及其对经济的影响机制

货币错配是引起发展中国家经济和金融危机的重要原因,本文首先对现有的国内外相关研究文献进行了简要的总结,然后对货币错配的不同形态进行了分类,并在此基础上分析了货币错配下汇率的变动对经济产生影响的内在机制.     

货币错配与经济金融稳定:亚太经验比较分析

中国的汇率制度改革使得在盯住汇率制度下积聚的巨大货币错配风险逐渐暴露出来.货币错配是否会影响经济金融稳定,本文通过对亚洲金融危机、日本经济衰退以及本世纪以来亚洲新兴市场国家的累积的新风险进行梳理、比较与分析,得出净外币负债型货币错配与净外币资产型货币错配在一定的条件下都会影响经济金融稳定.     

Currency boards, dollarized liabilities, and monetary policy credibility

The recent collapse of the Argentine currency board raises new questions about the desirability of formal fixed exchange rate regimes. This paper examines the relative performance of a currency board with costly abandonment in the presence of dollarized liabilities to a fully-discretionary regime. Our results demonstrate that neither regime necessarily dominates with only idiosyncratic firm shocks, but discretion unambiguously dominates with the addition of shocks to the dollar-euro rate. The relatively strong performance of the discretionary regime in this model stems from the benign impact of dollarized liabilities on the monetary authority’s time-inconsistency problem.     

Currency crises and monetary policy: A study on advanced and emerging economies

The studies regarding the appropriate monetary policy response in defending the domestic currency following a currency crisis do not gather around a robust answer. This study tries to emphasize the notion that there is no single policy applicable for all currency crises happened and happening in the global world. The approach of the study is presenting empirical evidence by focusing separately on the advanced and emerging economies and proving that the monetary policy response for the emerging economies should be different from the advanced economies, depending mainly on the vulnerabilities of these economies preceding and during the crisis periods. The study includes twenty four economies, in which fifteen of them are emerging and nine of them are advanced, for the crisis periods between 1986 and 2009. The main finding of the study is that the tight monetary policy is effective in the advanced economies, and detrimental in the emerging economies faced financial turbulence. The monetary policy has no significance in recent crisis episodes both for advanced and emerging economies. Advanced economies besides having more independent central banking, lower country riskiness and almost no default history; mainly have second generation model weaknesses which cause the increased interest rates to be successful in stabilizing the exchange rates. For the emerging economies the third generation model weaknesses play a major role together with the first generation model vulnerabilities. Thus the major policy implication follows that the policy makers should take into account the economic fragilities during the crisis in implementing the monetary policy.     

Financial globalization and monetary policy

Recent data show substantial increases in the size of gross external asset and liability positions. The implications of these developments for optimal conduct of monetary policy are analyzed in a standard open economy model which is augmented to allow for endogenous portfolio choice. The model shows that monetary policy takes on new importance due to its impact on nominal asset returns. Nevertheless, the case for price stability as an optimal monetary rule remains. In fact, it is reinforced. Even without nominal price rigidities, price stability is optimal because it enhances the risk sharing properties of nominal bonds.     

Payments systems and monetary policy

A dynamic spatial model is constructed where there is a role for money and for centralized payments arrangements, and where there are aggregate fluctuations driven by fluctuations in aggregate productivity. With decentralized monetary exchange and no centralized payments arrangements, there is price level indeterminacy, and the equilibrium allocation is inefficient. A private clearinghouse arrangement improves efficiency but produces a real indeterminacy. The pricing of daylight overdrafts is irrelevant for the equilibrium allocation. Efficiency is achieved with a zero nominal interest rate on overnight central bank lending, or through private overnight interbank lending.     

Bank behavior and monetary policy

As a rule, economists have studied the interaction between bank behavior and monetary policy in the case of a ‘monetary base’ target. In many countries (among which France), this is not an adequate analysis of monetary policy: rather, the Central Bank pegs the interest rate at a desired level and supplies whatever amount of central money is needed at this rate. This paper presents a model where both the usual and the ‘French’ case can be analysed; both short- and long-run implications of monetary policy are considered in a partial equilibrium framework.     

Futures markets and monetary policy

It has recently been argued that when differentially informed agents trade with one another monetary policy can influence the distribution of output by altering the information content of prices. This paper introduces a futures market into the Barro (1980) model and shows that under certain conditions prices may aggregate information in a manner such that differentially informed agents hold identical beliefs concerning aggregate market conditions. In such cases, monetary policy will be unable to influence the distribution of output. These results then serve as a backdrop for a more general discussion of the relationship between asset prices and the role of monetary policy.     

Bank risk and monetary policy

We find evidence of a bank lending channel operating in the euro area via bank risk. Financial innovation and the wider use of new ways of transferring credit risk have tended to diminish the informational content of standard bank balance sheet indicators. We show that bank risk conditions, as perceived by financial market investors, need to be considered, together with the other indicators (i.e., size, liquidity and capitalization), traditionally used in the bank lending channel literature to assess banks’ ability and willingness to supply new loans. Using a large sample of European banks, we find that banks characterized by lower expected default frequency are able to offer a larger amount of credit and to better insulate their loan supply from monetary policy changes.     

Labor contracts and monetary policy

Fischer and others have shown that the very existence of long-term contracts can imply a stabilization role for monetary policy in models that incorporate the natural rate hypothesis and rational expectation formation. The present paper examines some of the factors that determine the length of labor contracts and how they are affected by monetary policy. It is argued that a successful stabilization policy might be expected to increase the length of contracts. The net effect of the imposition of such a policy would therefore be to dampen the amplitude of business cycles, but to make them more inertia ridden.