人民币汇率波动对新疆出口贸易影响的实证研究

以人民币实际有效汇率、新疆GDP、新疆出口额以及居民消费水平指数作为研究指标,选取新疆1991～2018数据构建VAR模型,实证探究了新疆的出口额究竟是否会受到人民币汇率波动方面的影响.通过分析脉冲响应图与方差分解图,发现汇率的正方向变动会使新疆的出口额出现相反方向的变化.基于此,结合新疆本地的相关情况给出了一些可行性对策建议.     

人民币实际有效汇率波动对我国贸易的影响分析——1996年1月~2012年7月

汇率是实现经济内外均衡的调控工具,研究其对我国进出口贸易的影响对制定宏观经济政策具有重要的指导意义。本文基于1996年1月至2012年7月的月度数据,运用AR-GARCH模型和协整理论,分析了人民币实际有效汇率波动对我国进出口贸易的影响。研究结果表明,长期而言,人民币实际有效汇率波动与中国出口额之间呈负相关关系,与进口额呈正相关关系。而在短期内,进口额和出口额都与人民币实际有效汇率波动呈负相关关系。     

人民币实际有效汇率波动对我国贸易的影响分析——1996年1月~2012年7月

汇率是实现经济内外均衡的调控工具,研究其对我国进出口贸易的影响对制定宏观经济政策具有重要的指导意义。本文基于1996年1月至2012年7月的月度数据,运用AR-GARCH模型和协整理论,分析了人民币实际有效汇率波动对我国进出口贸易的影响。研究结果表明,长期而言,人民币实际有效汇率波动与中国出口额之间呈负相关关系,与进口额呈正相关关系。而在短期内,进口额和出口额都与人民币实际有效汇率波动呈负相关关系。     

探析汇率波动、金融稳定与货币政策

从市场经济学的角度来讲,汇率制度的变更会造成相应的汇率波动,而在该种不可预知的影响作用下,汇率波动也会带来对金融体系稳定性的冲击。对于我国货币政策来说,其主要目的就是进行金融和市值的稳定,本文主要就此进行分析。     

出口退税政策调整对我国外贸出口影响的实证研究

本文首先对出口退税率调整对我国外贸出口的影响进行了单变量实证分析。在此基础上,又对出口退税额、汇率、价格、GDP等因素变动对外贸出口的影响进行了多元回归分析,结论为:出口退税额、汇率、价格、GDP变动1%,分别会引起外贸出口额产生0.311%、0.334%、0.755%和0.986%的变动。     

10.92%

<正>10月1日,人民币终于进入了SDR(特别提款权),权重10.92%。这标志着人民币正式成为"可自由使用货币"。点评:对于SDR和国际货币体系而言,人民币加入使得SDR的代表性得到显著增强,SDR的GDP代表性超过全球60%,出口量占世界的比重接近90%。同时,人民币加入SDR将使得国际储备体系更加稳定,目前,全球主要的国际储备货币是美元、欧元、日元与英镑,但由于金融危机、欧债危机以及这些国家宏观政策的局限性,其汇率的大幅波动都影响了储备货币体系的稳     

汇率波动、财政赤字与最优货币政策规则

本文构建了包含汇率和财政赤字以及资产价格的IS-Philips曲线,在此基础上引入央行损失函数推导了最优利率反应函数并利用中国的数据实证分析了汇率与财政赤字以及资产价格的变化对最优货币政策的影响.研究表明资产价格波动对均衡利率的影响最大,其次才是产出和汇率波动,而政府财政赤字水平对于均衡利率的影响很小;最优货币政策反应函数中产出缺口、价格水平以及资产价格的反应权重会受到央行损失函数中贴现因子与货币政策赋予产出稳定权重的影响,而政府财政赤字与汇率的变动不会受到贴现因子与产出稳定权重影响.     

浅谈比较优势与汇率的贸易商品选择

商品价格比较优势决定潜在的贸易商品。价格绝对优势决定现实中的贸易商品。汇率波动影响商品进出口的选择。本文认为汇率波动不影响比较优势值,汇率的波动区间是由比较优势值最小的国家与商品组合、以及商品价格水平两方面因素决定的。汇率在可贸易区间内的波动,对商品进出口方向的选择作用非常明显。     

浅谈比较优势与汇率的贸易商品选择

商品价格比较优势决定潜在的贸易商品。价格绝对优势决定现实中的贸易商品。汇率波动影响商品进出口的选择。本文认为汇率波动不影响比较优势值,汇率的波动区间是由比较优势值最小的国家与商品组合、以及商品价格水平两方面因素决定的。汇率在可贸易区间内的波动,对商品进出口方向的选择作用非常明显。     

改革中汇率对国际贸易作用的机理分析

理论界对人民币汇率水平是否对我国国际贸易发挥关键作用有不同的看法,但在1994年汇率改革后,我国的国际贸易迅速发展却是不争的事实。2005年7月21日我国根据现状,又进行了一次汇率改革。为明确此次改革中汇率对我国国际贸易的传导效应,本文应用计量经济法,比较改革前后进出口额等的变化,对我国汇率与进出口额等之间的影响关系进行实证分析。     

Almanac of anticipations: The age of affluence—of anticipation—of anxiety—of automation—of discontinuity—of longing—of overkill—of space exploration

With this survey of developments in the futures field since 1945, I.F. Clarke completes his present series for Futures. He makes two major points: that forecasting techniques have become essential tools in the management of change; and that nuclear weapons and ecological problems have added a moral dimension to the study of the future. In the next issue of Futures he will start a new series on the range of future-thinking in the USA, from the expectations of the first settlers to the Star Wars programme.     

基金公司经营融资融券业务的问题审视

融资融券业务正式运营已经开展,为证券市场带来了革命性的改革,作为证券市场的一大主体,基金公司面对融资融券也迎来了新的发展方向和挑战,本文从融资融券业务的运行机制入手,分析了基金公司融资融券的新契机,并对其即将面临的问题进行审视和剖析,进而提出策略建议.     

对基层人民银行科技工作的几点建议

银监会分设后,人民银行将专司货币政策、金融稳定、金融服务三大职能。作为人民银行的分支机构,基层人民银行的工作重心也将从金融监管调整到这三大职能上来。人民银行的科技部门,就要积极运用科技手段,为人民银行履行新的职能发挥“服务、支持、促进、发展”的作用。一、围绕三大职能搭建五大平台经过“六五打基础、七五作准备、八五大发展”几个阶段后,人民银行相继实现了核算电算化、清算网络化和办公信息化。特别是近一两年来,陆续开通了大额支付系统、信贷登记咨询系统、会计四集中系统、金融信息服务网站等系统,人民银行信息化水平又…     

The Usefulness of Measures of Consistency of Discretionary Components of Accruals in the Detection of Earnings Management

Abstract:  Prior research has shown the prevalence of measurement error in models used to estimate aggregate discretionary accruals. In these models, the incremental information content of the various components of accruals is ignored. Limited prior research and data gathered from firms under Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) litigation indicate that managers use either one or more than one component of accruals simultaneously, in a consistent way to manipulate bottom-line earnings in a given direction. I propose two measures that capture the consistency between the discretionary components of accruals and test their significance in earnings management (EM) detection in firms that have artificially added accrual manipulation and firms that were targeted by the SEC for accrual manipulation. There is evidence that this information is incrementally useful in detecting EM. This finding paves the way for improvements in the discretionary accruals measure by including consistency information from the components of aggregate accruals.     

社会主义所有制形式的改革、完善与共产党执政能力的提高

在中国,所有制形式的调整、改革与完善,先进生产力的发展,党的执政能力建设,是社会主义建设过程中密切结合在一起的三个不同层面的发展关系.应在相互促进和共同提高中促进社会的和谐发展,保证社会主义现代化建设战略目标的顺利实现.     

Summary of Results of Survey of Seminar Attendees

Abstract

The Society of Actuaries undertook a three-phase research project on mortality improvement in the three NAFTA countries: Canada, Mexico, and the U.S. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review of papers on projecting mortality levels in the future and a study of the trend in mortality improvement during this century. Phase 2 consisted of a discussion of different facets of modeling mortality rates at a seminar attended by 79 experts (actuaries, demographers, economists, and medical researchers) representing different countries. The last session of the seminar consisted of the completion of a survey by the attendees to obtain input for Phase 3, which would analyze the impact of mortality improvement on the social security system of each country. This paper summarizes the results of the survey.

The survey results illustrate the difficulty in forecasting mortality levels, because the effects of many factors that could have significant impact on mortality rates are unknown. This suggests the need for dynamic forecasting, which allows for the possibility of random shocks. A majority of the survey respondents believe that stochastic forecasting models, despite their complexity, have significant potential to add value. Respondents also believe that both historical data and cause-specific mortality forecasts are useful as input and also in validating forecasts of the aggregate levels of mortality. The challenge is to develop more sophisticated forecasting models to produce results that are relatively easy to interpret and to communicate these results to the desired audiences, including the public and policymakers.

The survey results suggest that the aggregate effect of lifestyle changes, medical advances, diseases, catastrophe, and physical environmental changes is an increase in life span. However, there is much uncertainty about the future. Respondents expect that beyond the year 2020 the mean annual rate of reduction in mortality for males age 65 and over will average about 0.58% for Canada, 0.76% for Mexico, and 0.67% for the U.S. The results for the female age 65 and over population are 0.64%, 0.83%, and 0.70%, respectively. The age 65 and over population is expected to see larger percentage reductions in mortality than the 0–14 and 15–64 populations. The reductions in male and female mortality will be ultimately the same, and the mortality levels in the three countries will ultimately converge, although differences may persist for decades.     

Separation of Unit of Account from Medium of Exchange

The separation of a unit of account (UoA) from a medium of exchange (MoE) in the commodity–money system is investigated by considering explicitly a seller's choice of UoA in terms of either an MoE or a unit of metal weight. If the likelihood of debasement of an MoE and its rate are high enough, the price is posted in terms of a unit of metal weight rather than an MoE. Interestingly, this MoE–UoA separated equilibrium yields the flexible nominal price, whereas an MoE–UoA integrated equilibrium yields the sticky one. This implies the nominal price rigidity in the fiat‐money system where MoE and UoA are integrated.     

银行软件项目外包管理分析

一、引言随着国民经济的不断发展,银行业务与外部企业的联系越来越密切。银行正逐步成为现代经济活动的中心,作为数据处理核心的银行业务应用也越来越大型化、越来越复杂化,因此许多银行也把软件项目逐步由原来的自主开发转变为与公司合作的方式,或直接外包开发的方式,银行本身的技术人员也逐步由开发转向项目管理。二、项目外包的分类银行项目的外包有以下几种情况:①部分子系统外包,有时由于银行的软件项目太大,单靠银行自身的开发力量基本无法在预定的时间内完成项目,只好把相对独立的部分外包;②直接购买软件公司的成熟产品,有些金融软…     

银行管理信息平台建设发展的思考

一、目前国内银行IT发展现状及面临的问题 银行数据集中工作的完成,标志着银行的业务由电子化建设阶段转入信息化建设阶段.一方面银行数据的集中提供了丰富全面的基础数据,面对日益庞大的数据源,如何将数字转化为对银行有用的信息,并从中发现知识,为银行的经营决策提供支持,是摆在银行IT人员面前的一个亟待解决的问题.另一方面用户对银行信息的需求日益增长,如果银行没有一套完整、实用的信息管理系统,将对业务发展非常不利.南京爱立信公司倒戈花旗银行事件曾经轰动一时,其中一个重要原因就是中国本地银行不能满足爱立信全球总部对南京爱立信公司的要求:每周财务上报和每天贷款限额管理.这一事件为中国商业银行的未来发展敲响了警钟,如果不加快管理信息系统的开发,迅速提升业务管理水平,类似的事件还会接连不断地发生,并最终导致国内商业银行在同国外商业银行的竞争中全面溃败.     

Properties of time-series estimates of degree of leverage measures

Empirical studies suggest that time-series regression estimates of the degrees of operating and financial leverage have a tendency to produce measures less than one. According to ex ante theory, these measures should be greater than one for firms operating above the breakeven point. There have also been suggestions that the biases in these estimates may be attributable to an underlying increase in unit sales. This work presents evidence that these counter-intuitive measures are produced by changes in the firm's operating parameters (unit price, variable cost, fixed cost and interest payments). It further suggests that attempts to control for the underlying change in unit sales substantially increase the volatility of predicted estimates.