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1.
Kohei Suzuki 《Public Management Review》2018,20(12):1741-1767
This study examines how female representation in local elected (mayor and legislature) and administrative (mid-level manager) positions influences municipal financial decision-making in 764 Japanese city-level governments. Findings show that female representation in local councils is positively correlated with risk-averse behaviour in financial decisions, as female representation on the legislature is negatively associated with issuing municipal bonds and with local investment in public corporations. Female representation in executive (mayor and vice-mayor) and mid-level administrative managerial positions has no apparent effects on local financial decisions. This study tests existing explanations of relationships between female managerial representation and fiscal behaviour in an Asian developed setting characterized by considerable underrepresentation of women in politics. 相似文献
2.
This paper analyzes the provision of local public goods with positive spillovers across jurisdictions. If spillovers are symmetric,
the non-cooperative game played by jurisdictions admits a unique equilibrium, and an increase in spillovers reduces the total
provision of public goods. Smaller jurisdictions always reduce their contribution, but larger jurisdictions can increase their
contribution. When spillovers are asymmetric, equilibrium is unique if spillovers are low, while multiple equilibria exist
for high spillover values. In the case of two jurisdictions, an increase in the flow of spillovers to one jurisdiction benefits
agents from that jurisdiction but harms agents in the other jurisdiction. Beyond the case of two jurisdictions, the effect
of changes in spillovers cannot be signed. An increase in the spillovers flowing to a jurisdiction can actually result in
an increase in the supply of public goods by that jurisdiction and harm agents residing in it, while benefiting agents in
the other jurisdictions. The results of the paper reveal the complexity of interactions that will plague the design of institutions
for multijurisdictional local public good economies with spillovers.
相似文献
3.
收益管理在酒店中的应用——兼论我国酒店收益管理的误区 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
收益管理是20世纪80年代在欧美发达国家开始应用的一种先进而成功的管理方法,但我国的研究和应用起步较晚。文章在阐述收益管理的概念和使用条件的基础上,论述了收益管理在酒店业中的应用,并指出了目前我国酒店业应用收益管理所存在的误区。 相似文献
4.
Fredrik Carlsen Bjrg Langset Jrn Ratts Lasse Stambl 《Regional Science and Urban Economics》2009,39(6):688-695
We use surveys in which respondents evaluate local amenities in Norway to compute proxy variables for the quality of local public services as well as other local amenities relevant to location decisions. Average satisfaction reported by the respondents is computed for each amenity and each municipality, adjusted for sample variation in personal characteristics and included as explanatory variables in a cross-section study of house prices. We find that house prices are increasing in satisfaction with cultural activities, health care, care for the elderly and public transportation. 相似文献
5.
This paper examines the consequences for social efficiency if the locally provided public input can be differentially allocated among residents. We derive the distributional efficiency condition, which is the distribution of public inputs that maximizes within-city gains from trade. Differential allocation also causes modifications to the standard (Samuelsonian) allocative efficiency condition. Additionally, we explore the consequences of differential allocation for the median voter model. Standard empirical voter models are seriously flawed because they fail to distinguish final public output production from either individual demand or the distribution of publicly provided inputs. Finally, we derive the club sharing efficiency condition. 相似文献
6.
Private governments, found in planned developments and condominiums, are increasingly common methods of delivering local services to residents. This paper provides the first empirical study of their impact on local public finance. A novel data set of homeowners' associations allows construction of a panel of private governments in California. Panel methods test whether public expenditures respond to private government prevalence. Estimates indicate that local governments lower spending moderately in response to private government activity, consistent with strategic substitution. The paper then examines various mechanisms to explain this downloading and shows that the substitutability between public and private providers is key to which services are downloaded. Evidence also suggests that the economies of scale in service production in small cities temper the offloading of public services to private governments. 相似文献
7.
We examine the welfare effects of a central government's subsidy for a local public good in a Nash equilibrium model with
two types of public goods. We first show that the welfare effect depends on the substitution and evaluation effects. We also
investigate the optimal subsidy rate in a second-best framework and explore how the optimal subsidy scheme depends on the
relative evaluation of the two types of public goods.
Received: August 20, 1998/accepted: February 12, 2002
RID="*"
ID="*" We are grateful to John Quigley, Minoru Kunisaki, Tom Panella, Andy Haughwout, Steven Craig, William Hoyt, Michael
Ash, Konrad Stahl, Amihai Glazer, David Wildasin and two referees for helpful comments and suggestions, An early version of
this paper was presented at a seminar at University of California, Berkeley and at conferences at JAEE Annual Meeting in Japan,
North American Meetings of The RSAI in Washington, WSAI conference in Hawaii, Public Choice Meeting in San Francisco. 相似文献
8.
overview of OR techniques for airline revenue management 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
With the increasing interest in decision support systems and the continuous advance of computer science, revenue management is a discipline which has received a great deal of interest in recent years. Although revenue management has seen many new applications throughout the years, the main focus of research continues to be the airline industry. Ever since LITTLEWOOD (1972) first proposed a solution method for the airline revenue management problem, a variety of solution methods have been introduced. In this paper we give an overview of the solution methods presented throughout the literature. 相似文献
9.
本文依据税收相对中性理论,增值税以其自身的内在优势,与中性税收所要求的效率原则和普遍原则相契合。从经济学视角看,增值税转型主要由生产型、收入型增值税向消费型增值税转变,更多地体现中性收入原则。本文认为,考虑到财务承受能力现阶段应逐步推行,即先对东北老工业基地进行试点,然后逐步对全国的所有行业实行消费型增值税。 相似文献
10.
Yoshitsugu Kanemoto 《Regional Science and Urban Economics》1997,27(6):613-641
This article first examines how bad housing conditions are in Japan based on international comparisons. The next question is whether the extremely high land prices in Japan can be explained by economic logic. We then turn to more specific housing policy questions that are peculiar to or important in Japan, such as the tax advantages of owning land that have caused under-utilization of land and the reasons why the average size of Japanese rental housing is so small. 相似文献
11.
12.
Organization scientists have long considered human capital as a strategic asset that contributes to organizational effectiveness. Whereas the strategic importance of human capital has been widely studied in the case of for-profit organizations, measurement difficulties and the role of human capital in the public sector have received little attention. The present study attempts to bridge this gap by suggesting a behavioral approach to measuring organization-specific human capital and examining its impact on the financial performance of local government authorities in Israel. The results confirm the strategic importance of human capital. Local government authorities that possess strategic human capital—namely, a workforce that is highly educated, that exhibits organization-specific competencies and experience, and that is valuable, unique, and imperfectly imitable—exhibited a better financial performance, as measured by a three-financial ratio scale over 2 fiscal years. 相似文献
13.
14.
Local government responses to shifting demand and supply conditions are investigated. The desired allocation of local public consumption is determined in a voter group decision model where different age groups compete for services within an exogenous budget constraint. The model is implemented in an AIDS demand system built into a partial adjustment framework. The estimates indicate that the dramatic shift in the age composition of the population from the young to the elderly during the period studied has led to higher educational spending per pupil and less health care services per elderly. Age groups in decline are able to resist reallocations and gain in terms of spending per head. 相似文献
15.
Looking across borders: A test of spatial policy interdependence using local government efficiency ratings 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Spatial patterns in (local) government taxation and spending decisions have received a lot of attention. Still, the focus on taxation or expenditure levels in previous studies may be incomplete. Indeed, (rational) individuals are likely to consider the level of spending on (or taxation for) public goods provision simultaneously with how much public goods they actually receive—thus assessing the ‘price/quantity’ of government policies. Therefore, the present paper argues that incumbents may want their ‘price/quantity’ ratio to be close to that in neighbouring regions. Analysing Flemish local governments' efficiency ratings for the year 2000 (which relate total spending to the quantity of locally provided public goods), we confirm the existence of neighbourhood effects in local government policies. 相似文献
16.
党的十八大报告提出要千方百计增加居民收入,深化收入分配制度改革,实现发展成果由人民共享。然而在国民收入总量一定的条件下,居民收入比例增加,政府与企业的收入比例则会减少。因此,在社会主义市场经济条件下,如何平衡居民收入比重提高与财政收入减少两者之间的关系考验着政府的执政能力,关键在于明确政府职责,实现政府职能归位。 相似文献
17.
This paper is the first to empirically examine the residents’ willingness to pay for on-street parking permits as well as the cost of cruising using an identification methodology based on house prices for Amsterdam. The residents’ cost of cruising is about €1 per day. The residents’ willingness to pay for a parking permit is about €10 per day. 相似文献
18.
李宗玲 《中小企业管理与科技》2020,(6):79-80
我国取消了农业税附加的相关政策带来了一系列的影响,同时乡镇财务的收支状况也出现了不同程度的恶化。农村的基本建设义务教育投入、公益事业的发展资金不足,想要基层政府的有效运行,上级财政要为乡镇企业确定合理的税收来源,利用转移支付制度来保证农村教育以及公益事业的投入。此外,乡镇政府也可以取消农业税后作为乡镇职能转变的基础,在大力征收减支活动基础上发展乡镇经济,促进乡镇经济的发展,增强乡镇的经济实力。 相似文献
19.
韩文文 《北京市经济管理干部学院学报》2014,(4):8-12
随着我国社会经济的发展和改革力度的加大,政府购买社会组织服务越来越成为政府提供公共服务的重要途径之一。目前,我国政府在购买社会组织服务上存在购买范围不明确、缺乏法律和制度规范、缺乏有效的监督和评估、社会组织力量薄弱等诸多问题。因此,需要建立科学的购买社会组织服务决策机制,规范相应的法律法规,加强对社会组织的培育和监督。 相似文献
20.
实行政府采购的目的是为了满足社会公共需要,其运用公共性资金数额之大为其他采购主体所望尘莫及。因此,政府采购不仅作为提高公共支出效率、体现政府政策意图的有效手段,同时也是市场经济国家管理直接支出的基本手段,为世界各国政府所普遍重视。将价值工程(VE)原理运用于政府采购,即对设施、产品、服务或流程等对象进行功能和全寿命成本分析,以多学科团队工作方式和严谨的工作计划谋求创新的改进方案,可以增加政府采购项目的价值,提高政府采购效率。基于价值工程的政府采购管理,对政府采购中的采购计划与预算匹配、供应商管理、采购内容设置有着重要的指导意义。价值工程不仅是一种管理技术,更是一种管理思想。文中对价值工程思想在政府采购管理中的应用方法与步骤进行了探讨,分析了影响政府采购管理的几个因素,并提出了几项建议。 相似文献