A reservation-based parking behavioral model for parking demand management in urban areas

The rapid increase in car ownership has become a land-use problem in many cities which have limited land for parking. It also has adverse impacts on congestion, air quality, energy consumption, as well as losses in productivity, among other consequences. The problem worsens in some cities due to the adoption of inefficient mandatory minimum parking policies for new projects, according to a building's use and size, which incentivizes driving. Therefore, it is necessary to assess appropriate parking management policies that maximize social welfare. In this regard, this paper presents a reservation-based parking behavioral hybrid choice model for parking demand management policies in urban areas, that appropriately represents the behavior of private vehicle users when choosing their parking site. The proposed model is statistically significant and consistent with expected behavior and microeconomic theory. The results demonstrate that the possibility of reserving a parking space has a significant impact on car parking market share on- and off-street. The three latent variables included in the model (pro-parking attitude, perception of risk for parking on- and off-street) have a significant effect on the modal split and the evaluation of appropriate parking policies that consider heterogeneity. The latent variable that most impacts the modal shift is the pro-parking attitude, which can generate up to 7% change in the modal partition.     

Location-allocation problem for intra-transportation system in a big company by using meta-heuristic algorithm

This paper presents the location-allocation problem of parking facilities in Mobarakeh Steel Company. The aim is to find the optimal location for the parking facilities and allocate travels between departments to each parking facility. To optimize the cost and facing the transportation demands of all departments, a mathematical model is designed and solved by a commercial software package. Also, the number of vehicles allocated to each parking facility is determined. A hybrid meta-heuristic algorithm combining a genetic algorithm with parallel simulated annealing is developed which can be used even in more complicated structure of the problem. The results show that this hybrid algorithm is highly efficient in solving this kind of problems.     

Downtown curbside parking capacity

Current debates on downtown parking policy have been concentrating on downtown parking pricing, while overlooking downtown parking capacity. This paper focuses on how much curbside to allocate to parking when the private sector provides garage parking. In the first-best optimum, no cruising for parking occurs, and only curbside parking is provided when demand is low relative to street capacity, both curbside parking and garage parking are provided when demand in intermediate, and only garage parking is provided when demand is high. In the second-best optimum where curbside parking is underpriced, cruising for parking occurs only when both curbside and garage parking are both present. As the fee differential between garage and curbside parking increases, cruising for parking becomes more severe, and the range of demand levels over which curbside and garage parking are both present shrinks and eventually disappears.     

An integrated model of downtown parking and traffic congestion

This paper is the first to look at cruising for parking from an economic perspective. We present a downtown parking model that integrates traffic congestion and saturated on-street parking; the stock of cars cruising for parking adds to traffic congestion. Two major results emerge from the model, one of which is robust. The robust one is that, whether or not the amount of on-street parking is optimal, it is efficient to raise the on-street parking fee to the point where cruising for parking is eliminated without parking becoming unsaturated. The other is that, if the parking fee is fixed at a sub-optimal level, it is second-best optimal to increase the amount of curbside allocated to parking until cruising for parking is eliminated without parking becoming unsaturated     

An integrated model of downtown parking and traffic congestion

This paper is the first to look at cruising for parking from an economic perspective. We present a downtown parking model that integrates traffic congestion and saturated on-street parking; the stock of cars cruising for parking adds to traffic congestion. Two major results emerge from the model, one of which is robust. The robust one is that, whether or not the amount of on-street parking is optimal, it is efficient to raise the on-street parking fee to the point where cruising for parking is eliminated without parking becoming unsaturated. The other is that, if the parking fee is fixed at a sub-optimal level, it is second-best optimal to increase the amount of curbside allocated to parking until cruising for parking is eliminated without parking becoming unsaturated     

既有地下停车场照明节能改造措施

随着城市地下停车场数量的增加,档次越来越高,设施越来越复杂,能耗也越来越大。单以照明来讲,其能耗占地下停车场运营能耗的80%左右。在节能减排的大背景下,对既有地下停车场照明进行改造,利用LED智能照明控制系统技术取代原有照明系统,是地下停车场照明的最佳应用。     

城市住宅小区停车问题调研及对策研究——以淮安市为例

随着我国经济社会的持续发展,人民生活水平的不断提高,越来越多的小汽车进入普通家庭。城市住宅小区停车问题已成为改善居民生活,评价城市建设不可忽缺的重要内容。本文以江苏省淮安市住宅小区的停车问题为例进行研究,发现在城市不断发展的过程中,无论是八十年代以前建设的老小区或是上世纪九十年代左右出现的小区,甚至是近几年刚刚建成的新小区,都存在不同程度的停车难问题。停车难问题不仅对住宅小区的居住环境和交通安全造成极大影响,也制约着城市的发展。因此,本文将对以上三个时期的住宅小区分别进行调查研究,通过对三类住宅小区的现状分析,从而提出对不同住宅小区停车问题的不同解决方案,以此改善住宅小区中居民的停车环境与生活质量。同时也希望本文能对未来住宅小区的停车规划设计起到一定的参考作用。     

城市公共停车场规划评价指标体系解析

为了确定符合交通发展战略、技术先进和合理可行的停车场规划方案,从停车场使用者、经营者、周边居民和政府四个不同的角度,建立和解析了城市公共停车场规划评价指标体系,为停车场规划方案的科学选优提供了决策依据.     

Economic factors of investment in parking facilities

Investment in parking facilities provides two streams of benefits: net earnings from the operations, and appreciation in the value of assets. A study of 20 parking lots in Vancouver, B.C., indicates that between 1956 and 1976 annual earnings yielded about three percent of the value of assets, while capital gains due to the investment in land returned about four percentage points per year more than inflation after the deduction of all taxes.A further study of 10 parking garages has found similar annual benefits from current operations, but the value of the structures barely increased at the rate of inflation. Details of the method of analysis should be particularly useful to urban planners because they show how standard references on investment in automobile parking should be modified to include land appreciation and inflation.     

哈尔滨市秋林商圈停车现状及对策研究

现今,在我国大中城市中心区普遍存在着交通拥堵,停车困难等问题。本文通过对哈尔滨市秋林商圈停车现状的调查分析,发现了秋林商圈停车设施利用率低、停车场分布不均匀以及停车管理不完善等问题,提出了内外分流、拓宽道路、健全停车管理等规划策略,并针对现状问题做了具体的改善对策。     

关于我国城市发展方针的回顾与思考

作者在回顾总结了我国五十多年来的城市发展历程后 ,认为城市发展有其自身发展规律 ,而我国对城市发展的政策 ,主要针对其规模 ,不如提其为发展城市的政策。同时 ,将其纳入《城市规划法》 ,将其法定化 ,亦有不妥之处。因此 ,作者认为 ,即使制定了新的城市发展方针或政策 ,也不必将其纳入《城市规划法》 ,使其成为法定的城市发展方针或城市发展政策。     

居住区规划中的停车场规划

居住区停车难的问题已严重影响居民的生活,在小区规划中,必须在掌握汽车消费市场的情况下,从预测居民汽车拥有率出发,加强规划设计条件的制定,提高<城市居住区规划设计规范>中规定的地面停车率及转变土地转让方式等方面来解决此一问题.     

地铁列车站台精确停车辅助系统研究

随着轨道交通管理技术与手段提升与加强,更加提倡运营管理与行车组织精细化管理。列车停靠的精确度直接影响列车运行组织的质量和安全性,也影响乘客乘车的舒适性。文章分析了列车停站误差原因,创新性地提出了一种地铁列车站台精确停车的辅助系统,分别针对ATO模式和手动模式下的列车停靠问题给出了相应的解决方案。当列车处于ATO模式,系统在列车制动模块中充分考虑因乘客上下车而动态变化的车厢质量;当列车处于手动驾驶模式,在站台上设置辅助进站引导系统,根据列车运行位置与速度,及时向司机显示最佳进站速度(定速点)。通过以上两个解决方案,实现辅助地铁列车站台精确停车,从而减少列车延误风险。     

Estimation and specification of the effects of parking costs on urban transport mode choice

The effect of changes in parking fees on urban transport mode choice is investigated to evaluate the claim that parking taxes are an effective substitute for road pricing in influencing congestion. It is shown that previous analyses of the modal choice decision with respect to parking costs have misspecified the model, resulting in biased predictions. Binary logit analysis is used to estimate the traditional and correctly specified models. Elasticities for four policy oriented variables are calculated. The elasticities provide a measure of the bias from misspecification and indicate the most effective policy variables to reduce auto use.     

城市建筑物停车配建需求影响因素分析

通过制定城市建筑物停车配建指标解决城市停车难的问题,是一个科学的方法。对制定指标的影响因素的分析是至关重要的一步,本论文,针对停车难问题,对制定停车配建指标的影响因素进行一个系统分析。力求指标值的实用性和前瞻性。     

城市停车设施的性质与分类探讨

城市停车设施是城市重要的交通基础设施之一,大城市的停车问题正愈来愈受到人们的关注。但较长时期以来,在停车设施的性质、属性与合理分类上缺乏统一认识,给停车设施规划、建设、管理以及停车问题研究带来许多不便。为此,本文运用经济学观点和时空资源观点全面分析了停车设施的性质、属性,并提出了两种合理的分类方法。     

停车位的供需矛盾及其解决方略

针对我国城市停车供需矛盾突出这一问题,从深层次分析原因,认为应该从城市可持续发展的高度,结合机动化发展战略,在立法、公共政策和技术标准制定,以及停车设施规划、建设和管理等方面,系统地提出解决问题的对策;在倡导"公交优先"的同时,应提出限制私人轿车拥有和使用的政策;对城市公共停车设施应进行统筹规划,统一建设,并将城市公共停车设施作为公共物品纳入城市交通基础设施建设;城市停车设施应以公共停车设施为主,严格限制专用停车设施和商品化停车泊位,以提高城市停车设施的利用率。     

济南市泉城路商业区停车问题研究

在机动车交通快速增长和土地开发强度日益提高的背景下,静态交通资源不足已严重影响着大城市交通的正常运行,特别是大城市中心商业区的停车问题日益凸显。通过对济南市泉城路商业区停车设施的调查,对停车设施结构、停车特性、停车行为等进行了分析,提出了资源与荷载平衡、信息一致性和差异化供给的策略,探讨了加强大城市商业区停车需求管理的措施。     

北京市小面积高校机动车停车设施规划设计研究

随着经济社会的快速发展,北京市高校教职工机动车拥有数量迅速增长。由于高校校园的机动车停车设施规划滞后,停车泊位紧缺以及停车的随意性造成高校校园交通问题突出,严重影响了高校校园,特别是小面积高校校园的环境。本文以中国矿业大学(北京)为例,对北京市小面积高校校园的机动车停车设施进行了研究,并提出了规划设计建议。     

BOT模式在公共停车设施建设中的应用

随着城市机动化进程的不断加快,城市公共停车设施规划建设的重要性与问题日益显露出来.立足现实,具体分析了BOT方式建设城市停车设施的可行性,并对其在公共停车场建设中的必要性进行了探索,提出了BOT在公共停车设施建设中的运作程序以及应注意的问题.